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Biomedical subjects

T Ono

Publications and source records attributed to T Ono.

At least 1,081 records · Page 60Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Bone dynamics of the acetabulum in experimental subluxation of the hip joint and its repair process].

Subluxation of the hip and subsequent acetabular dysplasia were experimentally produced by fixing the knee of young rabbits in extension position. Changes of the acetabulum during the repair process after reduction were investigated radiologically, histologically and histomorphometrically. Radiologically, subluxation and acetabular dysplasia appeared two weeks after fixation and disappeared as the knee became flexible after removal of fixation. Histologically, abnormalities of growth cartilage and hypertrophy of trabeculae in the secondary spongiosa were prominent two weeks after fixation. Histomorphometrically, the bone area, osteoid surface and mineral appositional rate increased at this time. The above findings, however, were normalized as concentric reduction of the hip was achieved. Abnormal stress acting on the acetabulum caused hypertrophy of trabeculae, and this may result in the development of osteoarthritis. In order to prevent such a pathologic process, it is important to normalize the hip mechanically from the view point of bone dynamics.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1987

[Analysis of multiple primary malignant tumors including lung cancer].

In our hospital, from 1984 to 1986, we have performed autopsies on 50 lung cancer cases. Ten (20%) cases were found to have multiple primary malignant tumors, ie. one quadruple, 2 triple, 7 double malignant tumors, and almost all cases with multiple primary malignancies were males more than 70 years old. A histological examination showed that seven of these had tumors of the squamous cell type. In six cases, lung cancer was the primary disease and in 5 cases both malignancies existed simultaneously. When we lysed 5 g of autopsied lung, we were able to detect more than 100 asbestos bodies in 9 cases out of ten. Further, we noticed that triple or quadruple cases showed more asbestos bodies. Thus, we suspect that nearly all cases had been affected by exposure to asbestos.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

[Blood access puncture point pseudoaneurysms in two hemodialysis patients].

This is a report of blood access puncture point pseudoaneurysms which occurred in two hemodialysis patients. Case 1: A 58-year-old male had been undergoing hemodialysis treatment since June, 1975. In January, 1981 a subcutaneous mass had developed at the blood access puncture point above the previously superficialized left femoral artery. An operation was performed in February, 1981 and the mass was dissected. The same artery has been used since the operation for blood access without any problems. The dimensions of the egg-shaped dissected mass were 3.5 X 4 X 2.5 cm. A histological diagnosis of the wall of the mass showed that it was a pseudoaneurysm. Case 2: A 48-year-old female had been undergoing hemodialysis treatment since September, 1983. The left basilic vein, connected to the brachial artery, has been used for blood access. In April, 1984, a subcutaneous mass had developed at the blood access puncture point and an operation was performed within a few days. Operative findings revealed that the mass was a capsulized infected hematoma with a smooth but extremely thin and easily ruptured surface, and the section of the basilic vein surrounded by the mass showed evidence of necrotic change due to compression. The brachial artery was resutured at the region where it was previously connected to the basilic vein without disturbance of arterial blood flow. In July, 1985, an operation was performed in which a new blood access was constructed in the left thigh by superficializing the femoral artery and connecting its side to the end of the saphenous vein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aneurysm↗
PubMed1987

Possible conversion of axonemal microtubules to pellicular microtubules in Trypanosoma gambiense treated with vinblastine, colchicine plus concanavalin A.

The effects of vinblastine alone and in combination with vinblastine, colchicine and concanavalin A on microtubules of Trypanosoma gambiense cultured in vitro were studied ultrastructurally. Trypanosomes treated with vinblastine at 20 micrograms/ml, showed fusion of the extracellular flagellum with the plasma membrane of the parasite. As a result, the axoneme with the paraxial rod in the extracellular flagellum was taken into the cytoplasm. Although the axonemal and pellicular microtubules in T. gambiense differ in function and origin, the axonemal microtubules of the extracellular flagellum that was taken into the cytoplasm could be converted to pellicular microtubules by treatment with a combination of vinblastine (20 micrograms/ml), concanavalin A (10 micrograms/ml) and colchicine (100 micrograms/ml).

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Methylation of the c-myc gene changes during aging process of mice.

The degree of methylation at c-myc proto-oncogene was found to change during aging process of mice by the use of methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes. The spleen DNA showed hypomethylation as mice aged, while hypermethylation was observed in the liver DNA. The brain DNA on the contrary revealed no appreciable difference between young and old mice. When the DNAs were examined at actin and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), no significant change was observed. It suggests that an age-related change of oncogene structure may be one of the factors which are related to an age-associated increase of cancer incidence rate.

Actins↗
PubMed1986

Activation of brain regions of rats during fever.

The central nervous structures involved in febrile responses were investigated in conscious rats by means of the 2-deoxy-D-[14C]glucose autoradiographic technique. An intravenous injection of endogenous pyrogen prepared from rabbit white blood cells induced a significant rise in the rectal temperature of rats accompanied by a decrease in the skin temperature. According to autoradiographs, significant increases in metabolic activity were observed in the lateral preoptic area, posterior part of dorsomedial thalamus, posterior hypothalamus and the red nucleus during an induced fever. Because of the close relationship between metabolic activity and brain function, these regions are considered to compose the neural components directly or indirectly related with the febrile responses.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Ultrastructural evidence of enkephalinergic input to glucoreceptor neurons in ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus.

A combination of intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase into the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus glucoreceptor neurons and immunohistochemical staining for enkephalin allowed ultrastructural visualization of interrelations between these electrophysiologically identified neurons and enkephalin-like immunoreactive (ENK-IR) terminals. The results show that glucoreceptor neurons receive direct inputs from ENK-IR neurons. This is the first evidence that glucoreceptor neurons, identified electrophysiologically, can be affected monosynaptically by endogenous enkephalin, probably released from ENK-IR terminals.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Plasmid genes increase membrane permeability in Escherichia coli.

The membrane permeability to o-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactoside is increased in the presence of rifampicin in Escherichia coli cells carrying srnB+ or pnd+ plasmids, but not in the cells carrying srnB- or pnd- mutant plasmids. The same permeability alteration was also observed at 42 degrees C when a rpoC4- mutant strain was used as a host strain in the absence of rifampicin. These results and the blockage of the effects by action of chloramphenicol suggest that the increase of permeability to o-nitrophenyl galactoside was caused by the expression of srnB+ or pnd+ gene, respectively. srnB+ gene expression leads to massive RNA degradation, probably through the activation of the rna+ gene product. In an rna- strain carrying the srnB+ plasmid, the extent of RNA degradation was reduced, whereas the permeability to o-nitrophenyl galactoside was increased to the same level as in the rna+ strain. Also, the increase in permeability to o-nitrophenyl galactoside was observed at 30 degrees C, although high-temperature incubation (42 degrees C) was necessary for the induction of RNA degradation. These results suggest that the alteration in permeability is a more direct effect of the expression of srnB+ or pnd+ gene and that the RNA degradation is a secondary phenomenon caused by the alteration in the membrane.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1986

Visual responses related to food discrimination in monkey lateral hypothalamus during operant feeding behavior.

Single neuron activity was recorded from monkey lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) to relate neuronal events to food discrimination and initiation of procurement movement in operant bar press feeding behavior. Of 429 neurons tested, 68 (16%) responded during visual phase. Of these, 30 (7%) responded selectively to the sight of food or non-food associated with a juice reward, but not to the sight of meaningless non-food or food associated with aversive saline. Neuronal activity related to discrimination was readily influenced by extinction, reversal or satiation. The strength of visual responses was correlated with latency of bar press initiation and speed of bar pressing, but was not related directly to bar press movement. These suggest that the LHA is deeply involved in discrimination of reinforcement or non-reinforcement, and might be associated with higher functions to regulate internal states such as physiological need to get food during operant feeding behavior.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Phosphorylation of pig brain diacylglycerol kinase by endogenous protein kinase.

Pig brain diacylglycerol kinase did not catalyze autophosphorylation. However, the kinase was phosphorylated on serine, when immunoprecipitated from the partially purified enzyme preparation preincubated with Mg2+ and [gamma-32P]ATP. The action of the endogenous protein kinase phosphorylating diacylglycerol kinase was independent of cyclic nucleotides and Ca2+, and became maximum at pH 5.5. Although the extent of enzyme phosphorylation was limited (maximally about 0.25 mol Pi incorporated per mol kinase), the results show that diacylglycerol kinase can be a phosphoprotein.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1986

Feeding and diurnal related activity of lateral hypothalamic neurons in freely behaving rats.

Activity of 64 single neurons in the lateral hypothalamus (LHA) was recorded for 1-8 days in freely behaving rats. The activity of 26 (40.6%) neurons varied with circadian rhythm and in relation to feeding. Activity of 23 of these neurons decreased during consumption of each pellet, and that of one increased. The activity of two other neurons increased intermittently, at night, prior to and during eating and drinking episodes. All changed activity with sleep-wake changes; increasing in the dark or upon arousal, and decreasing in the light or during slow wave sleep, but the activity was independent of individual movement, except feeding. The activity of 29 (45.3%) neurons varied only diurnally. Of these, 26 neurons also had sleep-wake responses and activity changes that corresponded to behavior. The firing rate of the other 3 neurons was independent of sleep-wake condition or individual feeding activity, but gradually increased in the dark to a maximum in the early morning, then subsided rapidly in 1-2 h. Four (6.3%) neurons were related only to feeding and not to diurnal rhythm, and 5 (7.8%) neurons were not related to either. Of the 5 neurons that were unrelated to either diurnal rhythm or feeding acts, 3 increased activity at light on and decreased it at light off for 4-13 min. These data suggest LHA neuronal involvement in control of short term feeding or individual feeding episodes, and long term feeding or circadian feeding rhythm.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Immunological characterization of sn-1,2-diacylglycerol and sn-2-monoacylglycerol kinase from pig brain.

Rabbit antisera were raised against diacylglycerol kinase purified from pig brain cytosol. Upon immunoblot analysis, the antibody was specifically reactive with the kinase (Mr = 79,000-80,000). Pig brain cytosol, microsomal, and synaptosomal fractions all contained the immunoreactive Mr = 80,000 polypeptide, thus showing that the same enzyme is present in the soluble as well as membrane fractions of the brain. The antibody could precipitate only 60% of the kinase activity present in the crude cytosol. Further, the antibody exhibited very little or no cross-reactivity toward liver cytosolic enzymes obtained from different animals including pigs. Immunostaining of brain tissues demonstrated that neurons, in particular, their nuclei, were positively stained, whereas glial cells were not stained. It is likely that there exists a tissue-and/or cell-dependent immunological multiplicity of diacylglycerol kinase. The enzyme activities phosphorylating sn-1 and sn-2 monoacylglycerols were co-precipitated by the antibody, indicating their identity with diacylglycerol kinase. The enzyme activity toward sn-1 monoolein was much lower than that obtained with sn-2 monoolein. Enzymic as well as chemical analyses of acyl isomers of the reaction products showed that even tested with pure (greater than 95%) sn-1 monoolein, about 70% of the formed lysophosphatidate was of the sn-2 acyl type. The results show that diacylglycerol kinase phosphorylates almost exclusively the sn-2 acyl type of monoacyl-glycerol.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Transplants in the peri- and intraventricular region grow better than those in the central parenchyma of the caudate.

The correlation between the growth of transplanted cells and behavior recovery in rats with lesions in the unilateral nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) pathway was investigated. Grafted cells in the lateral or third ventricle grew better than those in the caudate parenchyma. Immunocytochemical staining of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) revealed that axons or dendrites of TH-like immunoreactive (TH-LI) cells transplanted periventricularly extended and ramified better than those of cells implanted in the central parenchyma of the caudate nucleus. The extent of ramification was well correlated with the recovery of behavioral imbalance. Data suggest that the growth and ramification of transplanted TH-LI cells are the most critical factors affecting behavior recovery, and this growth depends on the transplantation sites.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The formation of new neuronal circuit between transplanted nigral dopamine neurons and non-immunoreactive axon terminals in the host rat caudate nucleus.

Using immunoelectron microscopic techniques, whether or not host neuronal elements newly form synaptic contact with the grafted dopamine (DA) neurons in the caudate nucleus of the rat with unilateral lesion in the nigrostriatal DA pathway was examined. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was used as a marker for DA-containing structures. Motor imbalances after the lesion and before or after the transplantation were assessed by the amount of circlings after the injection of Met-amphetamine. In animals which recovered well from motor imbalance, non-immunoreactive axon terminals made synaptic contact with grafted TH-positive cell bodies and their dendrites. Since the incidence of these synapses was quite low in poorly recovered animals, the formation of a new neuronal circuit may be one of the important bases for behavior recovery.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Teratoma of the soft palate with multifocal cyst formation in the tongue and the brain.

We report a case of a solid and cystic teratoma appearing in the soft palate that was associated with a cyst in the tongue and a huge cystic formation in the arachnoid of the brain. Histologically, the tumor of the soft palate contained elements of all three germ layers, with a predominance of mature glial tissues. This typical teratoma and the two other concurrent lesions were all located on the same side of the head, and were thought to have a common embryonic origin. These multifocal tumors may represent an incomplete manifestation of a "teratoma complex".

Arachnoid↗