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Biomedical subjects

T Ono

Publications and source records attributed to T Ono.

At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Inducing effect of feprazone on hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in man.

The inducing effect of feprazone, a pyrazolone anti-inflammatory agent, on hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes has been studied in healthy volunteers. The ratio of 6 beta-hydroxycortisol (6 beta-OHF) to 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS) in urine, used as an indicator of oxidative drug-metabolizing enzyme activity, was increased up to 1.6-times the original level after 5 days of oral treatment with feprazone 300 mg/day. This indicates that feprazone induces hepatic drug-metabolising enzymes in man as does phenylbutazone.

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1986

Oocyte maturation inhibitor activity in human follicular fluid: quantitative determination in unstimulated and clomiphene citrate- and human menopausal gonadotropin-stimulated ovarian cycles.

Since removal of the oocyte from the intrafollicular milieu allows meiotic resumption and germinal vesical breakdown to proceed, the concept of an intrafollicular oocyte maturation inhibitor (OMI) has evolved. Accordingly, we asked the following questions: Is there OMI activity in human follicular fluid? Does OMI activity change with ovarian hyperstimulation? and Does OMI activity correlate with oocyte fertilization or the concentration of steroids in the corresponding follicular fluid? Fresh cumulus enclosed porcine oocytes from small follicles were incubated with human follicular fluid aspirates from normally menstruating patients with or without treatment: unstimulated follicles (N = 10), clomiphene citrate (150 mg/day) (N = 10)-treated cycles, and human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) (N = 12)-treated cycles. A lyophylized porcine follicular fluid standard and serum-free culture media were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. After a 40-hr incubation with test materials, the oocytes were fixed, stained, and evaluated for oocyte maturation as determined by germinal vesical breakdown. Human follicular fluid, estradiol, progesterone, androstenedione, and testosterone levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. The 50% inhibitory dose (ID50) for OMI activity in follicular fluid from untreated, spontaneously menstruating women was less than that for follicular fluid from clomiphene-stimulated patients, which was less than that for follicular fluid from hMG-stimulated patients. The difference between OMI values from untreated and hMG-stimulated follicular fluids was statistically significant. Human oocytes removed from follicular fluid with higher OMI activity tended not to fertilize in vitro compared to the relatively lower OMI activity present in follicular fluid yielding oocytes which did fertilize.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Biochemical and physiologic characterization of follicle regulatory protein: a paracrine regulator of folliculogenesis.

Further purification of a porcine follicular fluid fraction, referred to as follicle regulatory protein, that inhibits granulosa cell aromatase was performed and the results of in vitro bioassays with these highly purified reagents are reported. The 0% to 35% saturated ammonium sulfate extract of porcine follicular fluid was percolated through an orange A dye matrex gel column and the bound fraction was eluted. Further purification of 0% to 35% orange A-bound fraction of porcine follicular fluid was performed by anion exchange chromatography with the use of the Mono Q column. Mono Q eluents containing follicle regulatory protein activity were injected onto a Mono P hydrogen ion-exchange column. Samples obtained from Mono P chromatography were injected onto preparative and analytical scale gel exclusion columns. Eluent fractions in the apparent molecular weight of 16,000 daltons were tested for aromatase inhibition. Throughout each step, parallelism of an aromatase inhibitor was apparent in both a cell-free microsomal assay and a granulosa cell assay. Follicle regulatory protein, purified about 6666-fold from the orange A-bound fraction of porcine follicular fluid, had a 50% inhibitory concentration of 25 ng/ml for granulosa cell aromatase activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Changes in [14C]deoxyglucose incorporation into rat brain regions during heat-seeking behavior in the cold environment.

The central nervous structures involved in behavioral thermoregulatory responses during cold exposure were investigated in conscious rats by means of the 2-deoxy-D-[14C]glucose ([14C]-DG) autoradiographic technique. According to autoradiographs, many brain regions with significant increases or decreases in [14C]-DG incorporation were observed during thermoregulatory behavior. When animals were only exposed to cold, significant increases in [14C]-DG incorporation were observed in the caudate putamen, lateral preoptic area, medial forebrain bundle, ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), posterior hypothalamus, ventroposteromedial thalamus (VPM), dorsomedial thalamus (MD), substantia nigra (SN) and red nucleus (RN). Lower activities were observed in the hippocampus and the medial habenula. However, when animals performed the behavioral thermoregulation (heat seeking behavior) significant increases were noted in the sulcal prefrontal cortex, sensory-motor cortex, and MD, while decreases were noted in the piriform cortex, VMH, VPM, medial habenula, SN and RN, compared with those in the group without the thermoregulatory behavior.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Amino acid sequence of the variable region of heavy chain in immunoglobulin (Mot) having unusual papain cleavage sites.

An IgGl(lambda) Mot myeloma protein showed a unique susceptibility toward papain digestion. The Fab fragment of Mot was more digestible with papain than the Fc fragment. This phenomenon was found to occur by unusual cleavage of the Fd fragment with papain. Determination of the complete primary structure of the V region of the H chain of Mot identified two papain cleavage sites in the second complementarity-determining region (CDR). Amino acid sequence of the cleavage sites was Ser(55)-Asp-Asp-Argdecrease-Thr-Thr-Tyr-Gly-Pro-Argdecrease- Ser-Gln- (decrease = cleavage site). In the vicinity of these cleavage sites, many hydrophilic and polar residues are present and the predicted secondary structure near these cleavage sites suggested that this region was exposed on the surface of the molecule, and that the unusual papain cleavage of the IgG Mot might be caused by a unique conformation of the molecule, making it highly susceptible to enzyme digestion.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Cadmium stimulates glucose metabolism in rat adipocytes.

Cd2+ caused an increase in CO2 formation from glucose in rat adipocytes. The apparent Km value for glucose was 2.02 mM for control condition, with Cd2+, and with insulin. Cd2+ stimulates glucose metabolism even though specific diffusion of glucose is blocked. A possible site effected by Cd2+ is discussed.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1986

In vitro micronucleus method with erythropoietin-differentiated erythrocytes.

A new in vitro micronucleus method has been developed for the detection of chromosomal damage in mouse bone-marrow erythrocytes which are differentiated with erythropoietin (EPO). After the hemolysis of bone-marrow erythrocytes, newly-formed polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) were observed in cultures incubated in the presence of EPO. Using the erythroid differentiation technique, increased frequencies of micronuclei were detected in PCEs after treatment with mitomycin C. In addition, the in vitro micronucleus method was found to be more sensitive than the in vitro chromosomal aberration test on Chinese hamster cells. The results show that the in vitro micronucleus method using EPO-differentiated erythrocytes is a highly sensitive and useful system for the detection of mutagens.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

A microcomputer-based system for detailed analysis of rat behavior.

A microcomputer-based system that can measure rotational behavior and moving velocity is described. Infrared photobeams detect the animal behavior. One advantage of this system is that data can be stored on floppy disks and analyzed in arbitrary time intervals. This system may be useful for detailed analysis of rat behavior in physiological or psychopharmacological experiments.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Neuron activity in and adjacent to the dorsal amygdala of monkey during operant feeding behavior.

Neuronal activity of the dorsal amygdala, the substantia innominata and the ventral putamen during bar press operant behavior was analyzed to investigate neuronal responses in various affective situations. Of 1507 neurons recorded, 431 responded to some stimuli and were classified into 6 functional categories: 64 (4.2%) indiscriminately and transiently responded to various stimuli; 98 (6.5%) responded to various objects depending on their significance, whether rewarding or punishing; 44 (2.9%) clearly responded only to certain food or objects associated with potables, but not to both; 16 (1.1%) responded to both food and objects associated with potables; 35 (2.3%) responded primarily at the sight of certain nonfood; 66 (4.4%) responded primarily in the ingestion phase. Relations between function and topography are discussed. The results suggest that the dorsal AM and adjacent areas might be important in recognizing the biological significance of objects and in procuring food.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1986

Neuronal responses in monkey lateral hypothalamus during operant feeding behavior.

Single neuron activity was recorded from monkey lateral hypothalamus to investigate neuronal events correlated with operant bar press feeding behavior. The behavioral paradigm was divided into three phase: visual (discrimination), bar press (procurement), and ingestion (consummatory). Of 669 neurons tested, 158 (24%) responded in one or more phases. During the visual phase, 106 neurons (16%) responded. Of 80 neurons that responded in the visual phase and were tested systematically, 33 (41%, 33/80) responded selectively to the sight of food or nonfood objects associated with a juice reward, but not to the sight of nonfood or objects associated with aversive saline. Neuronal activity related to discrimination was modulated by satiation and learning (i.e., acquisition and extinction). During the bar press phase, 51 neurons (7.6%) responded. These responded tonically during the early or late stage of the bar press period, but did not depend on individual bar pressing motions. During ingestion, 90 neurons (13%) responded. The ingestion response was modulated by palatability of food and satiation. Data suggest that the LHA is deeply involved in operant feeding behavior; discrimination of food, drive to get food, and perception of reward, all of which are affected by learning and internal states such as hunger and satiety.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Temporomandibular joint arthroscopy by inferolateral approach.

A clinically successful technique for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthroscopy by the inferolateral approach is reported. The outline of the superior and inferior articular cavities of the TMJ except for the lower anterior pouch could be visualised; arthroscopy could be performed on most patients under local anesthesia in the out-patient operating room. Clinical usefulness and security of the TMJ arthroscopy based upon anatomical understanding is described.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Inhibition of placental aromatase activity in a cell free assay by ovarian protein.

Previously we identified a fraction of follicular fluid (follicle regulatory protein: FRP) which inhibits granulosa cell aromatase activity. During the course of these studies the question of FRP acting via autocrine as well as paracrine mechanisms arose in addition to the need for a more efficient method of screening for aromatase inhibitory activity during the purification of FRP. Accordingly, we assessed the effects of FRP on aromatase activity in a microsomal assay. Placental microsome preparations were preincubated for 20 minutes with or without FRP prior to a 20 minute incubation with testosterone. Significantly less conversion of testosterone to estrogen occurred with FRP compared to control preincubation. When follicular protein was added without pre-incubation, there was no apparent change in microsomal aromatase activity, whereas after a 20 minute pre-incubation with the follicular protein fraction, significantly less testosterone was converted into estrogen. When various concentrations of FRP were assayed in the placental aromatase assay, a dose-response curve demonstrated a 50% inhibitory dose (ID50) of approximately 400 micrograms/ml. To further purify the aromatase inhibitory activity, 5 mg of the crude follicular fluid preparation was eluted through an anion exchange column via HPLC using a sodium acetate gradient. The fractions in the central elution peak contained aromatase inhibitor activity with ID50 values of 25-160 micrograms/ml. Thus Fractions were further purified by elution through a gel exclusion column via HPLC which demonstrated inhibition of cell free placental aromatase activity in the 15,000-18,000 molecular weight range with an ID50 of 5 micrograms/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aromatase Inhibitors↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of isoelectric focusing in Sephadex vs immobiline flatbeds for the recovery of follicle regulatory protein from porcine follicular fluid.

We describe and compare the use of isoelectric focusing (IEF) in a granulated Sephadex matrix and in polyacrylamide immobilized pH gradients to separate an aromatase inhibitor (follicle regulatory protein: FRP) in preparative amounts from porcine follicular fluid (PFF). The starting material for IEF was derived from pFF after passage through agarose immobilized textile dye Orange A (0.5 KC1 eluent). Before IEF, some Orange A bound (OAB) material was further purified on a FPLC employing a Mono-Q anion exchange column. Previous use of chromatofocusing indicated that aromatase inhibitory activity is largely concentrated in OAB fractions with a pI in the ranges of pH approximately 4.5 and approximately 6.5. The current study revises these findings to provide a more precise measure of the isoelectric points in question to pH 4.73 +/- 0.05 and pH 6.41 +/- 0.06. The use of Sephadex was limited by gradient instability and the selection of pH ranges available. IEF using immobilized pH gradients had several advantages over Sephadex: 1) broader selection of gradients from 0.1 to 7.0 pH units; greater resolving power, and enhanced stability. The principal disadvantage of the immobiline system was the recovery of focused material from the gel matrix. The use of isoelectric focusing with immobilized pH gradients on a preparative scale to purify FRP from OAB resulted in a greater than 50% recovery with a substantial increase in specific activity (from ID50 approximately 300 micrograms/ml to 20 ng/ml).

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1986

Wheat germ trypsin inhibitors. Isolation and structural characterization of single-headed and double-headed inhibitors of the Bowman-Birk type.

A number of trypsin inhibitors were isolated from wheat germs by affinity chromatography on immobilized trypsin, gel-filtration, and ion-exchange and reverse-phase chromatography. These inhibitors were classified into two groups, inhibitors I (Mr = 14,500) and II (Mr = 7,000), based on their molecular sizes. Inhibitors I and II inhibited bovine trypsin stoichiometorically at an enzyme to inhibitor ratio of 2 and 1, respectively. Sequence analysis of these inhibitors indicated a high degree of homology and that inhibitors I had a duplicated structure of inhibitors II. They are highly homologous to double-headed proteinase inhibitors (Bowman-Birk inhibitors) of Leguminosae plants. Inhibitors II are the first example of single-headed inhibitor corresponding to one inhibitory domain of the Bowman-Birk type double-headed inhibitors, which suggests that inhibitors II are relic of an ancestral single-headed inhibitor before the gene-duplication that led to the formation of present-day Bowman-Birk type inhibitors.

Amino Acid Sequence↗