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Biomedical subjects

T Ohshima

Publications and source records attributed to T Ohshima.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Adrenal function affects morphine-induced feeding during dark period, but not during light period in rats.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the relationships between morphine-induced feeding and the adrenal functions. Morphine (5 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered at 10:45 (light period) or 18:45 (dark period). The orectic effects of morphine during the light period in normal rats were not influenced by adrenalectomy; however, the anorectic effects during the dark period in normal rats were attenuated by both adrenalectomy and adrenodemedullation. Corticosterone (10 mg/kg) itself had no effects on feeding during the light and dark period. Morphine did not alter blood insulin levels during the light period, but markedly decreased it during the dark period independently of feeding. These results show that morphine has two different effects on feeding by administration time, and they suggest that the adrenal affects morphine-induced feeding only during the dark period (hungry state), presumably through insulin release, but not during the light period (satiated state).

11-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1984

[Three cases of intracranial chordoma. Typical chordoma and chondroid chordoma].

Three cases of intracranial chordoma: 2 cases of typical chordoma and a case of chondroid chordoma, were reported and the clinico-pathological difference between these two types of chordoma was discussed. It is well known that typical chordoma is composed of physaliferous cells containing various quantities of intracytoplasmic mucin histologically, whereas chondroid chordoma as Heffelfinger reported in 1973 is composed of cellular area with scanty myxoid matrix and Chondroid matrix. Clinical course of the typical chordoma shows recurrence of the tumor within 2 years after surgical removal and radiation therapy in the majority of the cases, and the average survival range is said to be about 4.1 years, while chondroid chordoma takes benign course with average survival of 24.1 years after surgery and radiation therapy. One of our two patients with typical chordoma died from the recurrence two years after surgery and radiation therapy. However, the patients with chondroid chordoma showed no sign of recurrence over 2 years after subtotal removal and radiation. Surgical approach for the removal of the tumor was discussed as well. When the tumor is rather small and located at the upper clival region, transsphenoidal approach may be preferable, otherwise other approach should be chosen. When tumor has forward extension over the clivus, subtemporal approach will be most favorable with wider operative field. Identification of vessels and nerves around the tumor will be readily obtained by this approach.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The lipid metabolism in normal and diabetic pregnancy.

In order to study the lipid metabolism in normal and diabetic pregnancy, the serum obtained in the third trimester and postpartum was fractionated into VLDL, LDL, and HDL by ultracentrifugation. The lipid concentrations in each lipoprotein fraction were determined. The hyperlipidemia induced by pregnancy was mainly due to the increase in the amount of VLDL-triglyceride, which was enhanced in diabetic pregnancy. Each lipid in the VLDL fraction was increased, but compositionally unchanged from that observed in non-pregnant women. On the contrary, the percentage of triglyceride in the LDL and HDL increased with reciprocal percentage reductions in cholesterol and phospholipid. This tendency was more prominent in diabetic pregnancy than in normal pregnancy. PHLA, which was determined to study the catabolism of triglyceride, was suppressed in the third trimester in normal and diabetic pregnancy, compared to that in non-pregnant women. Moreover, the ratio of apo C II/C III1 + C III2 in the VLDL was investigated and found to be significantly lower in the third trimester in normal and diabetic pregnancy than than in non-pregnant women. The impaired removal of VLDL-triglyceride was one of the factors which caused hyperlipidemia during pregnancy. In addition, the overproduction of VLDL-triglyceride affected hyperlipidemia in diabetic pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A spectrophotometric method for the determination of aminopeptidase activity with leucine dehydrogenase.

L-Leucine dehydrogenase purified from Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus sphearicus was used for the determination of serum aminopeptidase activity with L-leucinamide as a substrate. L-Leucine produced by aminopeptidase was determined by measurement of the increase in absorbance at 340 nm caused by the formation of NADH. This method is useful for the kinetic studies of the aminopeptidase and the enzyme assay of a large number of samples. The serum aminopeptidase can be characterized to give some valuable information in clinical diagnosis by comparison of the results obtained by the present method with those by the conventional method with L-leucyl-p-nitroanilide as a substrate.

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1983

Opposite effects of morphine on feeding and drinking in rats relative to administration time.

The present study was undertaken to examine how morphine changes food and water intake in non-fasted or fasted rats with different administration times. Morphine (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered at 10:45 (light period) or 18:45 (dark period). Morphine increased food and water intake in non-fasted rats 2 hr after the administration during the light period, whereas the total daily intakes were decreased. In contrast, morphine decreased food and water intake in non-fasted rats during the dark period and in fasted rats during both the light and dark period. These results suggest that morphine disorders the baseline levels of feeding and water drinking of naive rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Piperacillin concentration in the pelvic dead space exudate following surgery of cervical cancer].

Twelve patients with uterocervical cancer had panhysterectomy and were administered piperacillin (PIPC) at a dose of 2 g by one shot injection 2 times a day for a period of 5--6 days. PIPC concentrations in serum and pelvic dead space exudate were investigated before and after administration for 3 days (5 times). Serum concentration was observed ca. 49 micrograms/ml at 1 hour after the first, third and fifth administration. Concentrations in pelvic dead space exudate at 1 hour after the first, third and fifth administration were observed 26.7 +/- 5.8, 10.8 +/- 4.0 and 8.7 +/- 3.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. The highest concentration was 63.0 micrograms/ml at 1 hour after the first administration in case 4. It was thought that these concentrations were sufficient for the therapy of parametritis. No side effects caused by the drug were observed.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Normalization of intracellular lysosomal hydrolases in I-cell disease fibroblasts with sucrose loading.

I-cell disease (ICD) is an hereditary inborn error of metabolism by lysosomal storage due to the multiple lysosomal hydrolases deficiency. Many inclusion materials are seen by phase contrast microscopy in cultured skin fibroblasts from the patients with ICD. We recently reported that the addition of 88 mM sucrose to the medium of cultured human skin fibroblasts from normal subjects induced several lysosomal hydrolases, but did not induce deficient hydrolases in lysosomal enzyme deficiencies (Kato, T., Okada, S., Ohshima, T., Inui, K., Yutaka, T., and Yabuuchi, H. (1981) Biochem. Int. 3, 551-556). This time sucrose loading was applied to the cultured skin fibroblasts from the patients with ICD. Incubation with 88 mM sucrose for more than 10 days exhibited significant effects. Biochemically, the activities of deficient hydrolases reached their normal levels, and morphologically, typical inclusion materials disappeared. These results indicate that sucrose enhanced synthesis of normal lysosomal enzymes and lysosome functions were normalized in ICD fibroblasts.

Cells, Cultured↗