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Biomedical subjects

T Ohshima

Publications and source records attributed to T Ohshima.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Enhancing effect of absorption promoters on percutaneous absorption of a model dye (6-carboxyfluorescein) as a poorly absorbable drug. III. Histological study after addition of various absorption promoters in rats.

We have studied the effect of various absorption promoters on the percutaneous absorption dynamics of 6-carboxyfluorescein (CF) which is a poorly absorbable drug. The absorption of CF was determined by fluorescence photographic image since CF emits a strong light yellow fluorescence. The co-administration of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and 2-mercaptoethanol (MER), the pretreatment with calcium thioglycolate and the co-administration of Azone (AZ) and surfactant (HCO-60) were used to promote the absorption of CF. We have also studied the injury of skin tissue by the absorption promoters. The fluorescence photographic image of rat skin, after the co-administration of SDS and MER and after the co-administration of AZ and HCO-60 were similar to the image with the stratum corneum removed from the skin. These absorption promoters did not affect the histological nature of the rat skin tissue and the recovery experiment showed no injurious effect by these absorption promoters to the skin tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Relapsing process in FAB subtypes of adult acute leukemia and its relationship to treatment regimens.

The relapsing process in the bone marrow was studied in those 77 patients with adult acute leukemia, diagnosed according to the FAB classification who achieved complete remission (CR) and then received intermittent multi-drug intensification treatment. Relapse occurred in most of the patients who exhibited Auer rods or Ph1 chromosomes in the bone marrow, or in whom blasts increased to 8% or more, but some patients remained in CR by subsequent treatment, that is, relapsing process was reversible. With our conventional treatment, the relapse or relapsing process occurred in most of the patients with L1, L2 and M1 subtypes within 6 months and was irreversible. It occurred mainly between 5 and 13 months in those with M2, M3 and M5 and was reversible in some cases. Patients with M4 subtype received intensified treatment due to the difficulty of achieving remission; relapse was seen in only 3 of 7 cases. To prevent relapse and attain a potential cure, the treatment should be intensive before the relapsing process with adequate supporting care. In view of the above-mentioned observations, our new treatment protocols for acute leukemia were designed to be more intensive than those conventionally employed, and to be discontinued within approximately 10 months in lymphoblastic leukemia and approximately 8 months in myeloid leukemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Analysis of mitral inflow velocity pattern in relation to left ventricular end-diastolic pressure].

The relationship between mitral inflow velocity patterns and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was evaluated using pulsed Doppler echocardiography in 34 cases of heart disease, without significant valvular regurgitation. Flow patterns in 19 of the 34 cases were also examined before and after the elevation of LVEDP by methoxamine infusion, 0.01 mg/kg/min. The ratio of the peak velocities in the atrial contraction phase to that in the rapid filling phase (A/R) and the ratio of mean acceleration rates to peak velocities in the rapid filling phase (ACR/R) were determined from the mitral flow patterns obtained by the apical approach. 1. ACR/R correlated significantly with LVEDP (r = 0.49), but A/R did not. LVEDP in six cases with normal A/R (0.5 to 1.0) was 8.3 +/- 2.9 mmHg (mean +/- SD). Among 19 cases with A/R of 1.0 or more and ACR/R less than 13 sec-1, LVEDP showed 10.2 +/- 3.8 mmHg. In eight cases with A/R of 1.0 or more and ACR/R of 13 sec-1 or more, LVEDP was 17.9 +/- 6.2 mmHg. The average value of LVEDP in two cases with A/R less than 0.5 was 18.5 mmHg. 2. When the LVEDP was elevated after methoxamine infusion, A/R within normal range increased in five of six cases and decreased in the remaining case. A/R more than 1.0 decreased in 10 of 11 cases and ACR/R tended to increase with increasing LVEDP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Enhancing effect of absorption promoters on percutaneous absorption of a model dye (6-carboxyfluorescein) as poorly absorbable drugs. II. Study on the absorption promoting effect of azone.

The percutaneous absorption of drugs was investigated in rats by measuring plasma levels, using mainly 6-carboxyfluorescein (CF) as a model of poorly absorbable drugs. Azone (AZ), a new useful promoter for the percutaneous absorption of drugs, was used instead of dimethylsulfoxide. We have examined the effects of the solubilized state and concentration of AZ on the percutaneous absorption of CF. AZ was dissolved with the aid of surface-active agents, beta-cyclodextrin (CD) or dimethyl-beta-cyclodextrin (DMCD). When AZ (2 v/v%) was dissolved completely by a surface-active agent (HCO-60: polyoxyethylene hardened castor oil derivative), plasma CF levels showed the highest value. Plasma CF levels following the administration of CF with AZ which formed a complex with CD or DMCD were scarcely increased as compared to that of CF alone. In the case of fluorescin (FL), which has a higher partition coefficient than CF, the percutaneous absorption of FL was more enhanced by the addition of AZ than in the case of CF.

Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic↗
PubMed1984

A randomized trial of chemoimmunotherapy of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in adults using a protein-bound polysaccharide preparation.

The effect of immunotherapy with a protein-bound polysaccharide preparation termed PSK on remission duration and survival of adults with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) was studied in a prospective randomized cooperative trial. After having achieved complete remission and receiving a consolidation therapy, 73 patients were randomized either to maintenance chemotherapy or to maintenance chemotherapy plus immunotherapy with PSK. Ultimately 36 patients in the chemotherapy group and 31 in the chemoimmunotherapy group were evaluable. Six months after the last entry, immunotherapy with PSK showed a borderline beneficial effect on remission duration (P = 0.089) and on duration of survival (P = 0.062). When the data were analyzed 12, 18, and 24 months after the last entry there were no significant differences in duration of remission and survival between the two groups. However, analysis of the data of patients who had maintained complete remission for more than 270 days revealed that immunotherapy had a suggestive beneficial effect (P = 0.105), prolonging the 50% remission period by 418 days (885 vs 467 days). Thus, immunotherapy with PSK seems to be active in the treatment of adult ANLL when used for maintenance therapy in combination with chemotherapy, especially in patients with a good prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Enhancing effect of absorption promoters on percutaneous absorption of a model dye (6-carboxyfluorescein) as poorly absorbable drugs. I. Comparison of plasma levels after addition of various absorption promoters in rat.

We have investigated the promotive effect of various agents on percutaneous absorption of 6-carboxyfluorescein (CF), a water-soluble fluorescent dye, as poorly absorbable drugs. The absorption of CF was determined by measuring rat plasma CF levels. As an absorption promoter, several reagents such as surface-active agents, protein solubilizers and permeation promoters were used. The used concentration of the reagents was determined so as not to make a trauma on the skin. As results, plasma CF levels following the co-administration of 0.05 w/v% sodium dodecyl sulfate and 0.1 v/v% 2-mercaptoethanol showed the highest values. Plasma CF level was increased 40 times as compared to that of control experiment and was increased 9 times as compared to that of pretreatment with 4 w/v% calcium thioglycolate which was reported previously as a strong absorption promoter for theophylline by us. When the stratum corneum, having a barrier function for percutaneous absorption of many compounds, was removed mechanically, plasma CF levels of control experiment and pretreatment with 4 w/v% calcium thioglycolate were increased remarkably. However, plasma CF level after the co-administration of 0.05 w/v% sodium dodecyl sulfate and 0.1 v/v% 2-mercaptoethanol did not show a considerable difference as compared to that of the case with the presence of the stratum corneum.

Administration, Topical↗