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Biomedical subjects

T Oguri

Publications and source records attributed to T Oguri.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Comparison of antibacterial activity of cefmenoxime with other cephalosporins against clinically isolated bacteria (author's transl)].

We examined the antibacterial activity of MX in comparison with those of other CEPs, using aerobic Gram-positive cocci, aerobic Gram-negative bacilli and anaerobic bacteria, 870 strains in total, all isolated from clinical specimens, in 1979 and 1980. Against Streptococcus, CMX showed superior antibacterial activity than those of CFX, CMZ, CXM and CTM. Against H. influenzae, CMX also showed superior antibacterial activity than those of CFX, CMX, CXM, CTM and CEZ. ABPC-and PIPC-resistant strains were sensitive to CMX. CTX, CPZ and CZX also showed antibacterial activities equivalent to that of CMX. Against enteric bacteria, E. coli, Klebsiella, E. cloacae, Serratia, C. freundii and Proteus, CMX showed superior antibacterial activity than those of CFX, CMZ, CXM, CTM and CEZ. Especially, against E. coli, Klebsiella, P. mirabilis, P. rettgeri and P. inconstans, CMX showed strong antibacterial activity. As to non-fermentation bacteria, CMX's antibacterial activity was relatively weak except P. putrefaciens, Alcaligenes and Comamonas. However, it was superior than that of CEZ. In comparison with other CEPs, the strength of CMX varied according to the kinds of bacteria. As to anaerobic bacteria, CMX showed strong antibacterial activity against Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, Lactobacillus, Propionibacterium, C. perfringens, Veillonella and Fusobacterium. However, its antibacterial activity against Bacteroides was similar to those of other CEPs.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1981

[Serotypes and drug-susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from clinical specimens (author's transl)].

Serotypes and antibiotic susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae from various clinical specimens from Jan. 1979 to July 1980 were examined. (1) The serotype of the organism widely distributed, and predominant serotypes were type 6, type 15, type 19, type 3 and type 23. Strains of type 2, 12 and 25, which were used as pneumococcal vaccine, were not found. (2) From the results of susceptibility test the most active drug was PCG among penicillins and CER among cephalosporins. There was one strain which was resistant to PCG and CER as well as CP and TC. Sixty-five% and 48% of the strains were resistant to TC and CP respectively. Almost of the strains were sensitive to macrolides and LCM. The occurrence of resistant strains to CP, TC, EM and LCM varied to the serotypes.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1980

[Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa recently isolated from clinical specimens to various antimicrobial agents and changes of susceptibility to carbenicillin, gentamicin and amikacin (author's transl)].

We estimated the minimum inhibitory concentrations of following twenty-one antimicrobial agents against 161 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical specimens during 1979. Antimicrobial agents were 5 penicillins (carbenicillin, sulbenicillin, piperacillin, apalcillin and ticarcillin), 3 cephalosporins (cefsulodin, cefoperazone and ceftizoxime), 5 aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin, dibekacin, amikacin and kanamycin), 3 tetracycclines (tetracyline, doxycycline and minocycline), chloramphenicol, colistin, polymyxin B, nalidixic acid and pipemidic acid. Among penicillins piperacillin and apalcillin showed strongest antibacterial activity and the activity of carbenicillin was weakest. Highly resistant strains against carbenicillin increased rapidly until 1975. Among cephalosporins cefsulodin showed strongest antibacterial activity and its activity was stronger than piperacillin. Antibacterial activity of cefoperazone and ceftizoxime were weaker than cefsulodin, but stronger than carbenicillin and sulbenicillin. Among aminoglycosides kanamycin showed very weak antibacterial activity, but another four drugs showed very strong activity. But resistant strains against these four drugs increased gradually and over 20% of strains was resistant to gentamicin. Among gentamicin, tobramycin and dibekacin cross-resistance was observed, but not between amikacin and these three drugs. Recently the number of strains resistant to both amikacin and gentamicin increased. Tetracyclines, chloramphenicol and nalidixic acid showed rather weak activity, but colistin and polymyxin B showed very strong activity and resistant strains against these drugs were very few. Pipemidic acid showed rather stronger activity than nalidixic acid, but its activity was weaker than aminoglycosides excluding kanamycin.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1979

[Comparison of the antibacterial activity of ticarcillin with other antibacterial agents (author's transl)].

Antibacterial activity of ticarcillin was determined in comparison with that of sulbenicillin, amoxicillin, cefuroxime, clindamycin and metronidazole against anaerobic bacteria which have been isolated from various clinical materials in this hospital. Growth of more than 90% of Gram-negative anaerobic rod bacteria was inhibited by ticarcillin at its concentration of 100 micrograms/ml. Strains resistant to ticarcillin showed cross resistance against both sulbenicillin and amoxicillin. Antibacterial activity of ticarcillin against Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria was found almost equal to sulbenicillin but slightly inferior to amoxicillin. Cefuroxime was found most inferior among the tested six antibiotics when an inoculation level of 10(8)/ml was utilized, but it showed similar activity to ticarcillin when they were tested with 10(6)/ml inoculation. Approximately 10% of bacteroides strains was resistant to clindamycin while all the strains were sensitive to metronidazole.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1979

[Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas cepacia (author's transl)].

The yearly changes of relative frequency of glucose-nonfermentative Gram-negative bacilli except for P. aeruginosa isolated from various clinical specimens over the past 5 years were studied. Acinetobacter anitratum was the most commonly encountered strain and P. maltophilia and P. putida were also frequently encountered during 1974 through 1977. In 1978, P. cepacia became a significantly predominant strain, which was 44.6% of all nonfermentative Gram-negative bacilli excluding P. aeruginosa isolated in Juntendo Hospital. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of 59 similar to 61 clinical isolates of P. cepacia in 1978 were studied by agar dilution method, standardized by the Japan Society of Chemotherapy. Miloxacin and minocycline inhibited more than 95% of the strain by the concentration of 6.25 micrograms/ml. Nalidixic acid and sulfamethoxazole were sensitive to approximately 52% and 75% of the strains respectively. The minimal inhibitory concentration of gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, kanamycin, apalcillin, piperacillin and pipemidic acid for most strains was more than 1.25 micrograms/ml. More than 90% of the strains were highly resistant to ampicillin, carbenicillin, sulbenicillin, ticarcillin, cefazolin, cefotiam, tetracycline, clindamycin and colistin.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1978

[Clinical and bacteriological studies on infections due to Acinetobacter calco aceticus (author's transl)].

The present studies concern with clinical backgrounds of the patients from whom Ac. calcoaceticus was isolated at the Juntendo University Hospital from Oct. 1976 until May 1977, and in-vitro observations on the susceptibility to antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents of the organisms isolated from various clinical specimens from Sept. 1976 to May 1977. One hundred and eight strains of Ac. calcoaceticus were isolated from various clinical specimens of 78 patients. Approximately 70% of them was isolated from respiratory tract, and 6 approximately 8% from urinary tract, wound or bile. Ninety six of 108 strains were isolated in combination with other organisms. In retrospective view of 35 patients, all of them had one or more underlying diseases or predisposing factors, e.g., chronic disease, malignancy, infection due to other organism, surgery. Antibiotics had been administrated to 26 patients before onset of their infection with Ac. calcoaceticus. According to in-vitro susceptibility testing, the most active antimicrobial agents were minocyline and doxycycline. Gentamicin, tetracycline, kanamycin, amikacin, dibekacin, colistin, erythromycin, naladixic acid were given in this order. Most strains were resistant to ampicillin, sulbenicillin, cephaloridine, cefazokin, chloramphenicol, lincomycin, clindamycin, pipemidic acid and piperamic acid.

Acinetobacter↗