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Biomedical subjects

T Oguri

Publications and source records attributed to T Oguri.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Antibiotic susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from clinical materials (author's transl).

We tested the drug-susceptibility of 112 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from various clinical materials since January 1975 to May 1976, and observed the changes of susceptibility of this pathogen. All strains tested remained very sensitive to benzylpenicillin and cephaloridine, but 59.8% of strains were resistant to tetracycline and 44.7% to chloramphenicol, and about 90% of chloramphenicol-resistant strains were also resistant to tetracycline. The percentage of resistant strains to tetracycline or chloramphenicol is increasing. Cross-resistance between tetracycline and doxycycline or chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol was observed. On this time we found three strains resistant to macrolides. Two of these strains were resistant to erythromycin, josamycin, oleandomycin, spiarmycin, mydecamycin, lincomycin, clindamycin and tetracycline, but one was resistant to josamycin, spiramycin, mydecamycin and chloramphenicol.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1977

[The combination effect of ampicillin and dicloxacillin on the strains of Bacteriodes fragilis isolated from clinical specimens (author's transl)].

The antimicrobial activities of ampicillin (ABPC) and dicloxacillin (MDIPC) alone were tested in 100 strains of B. fragilis isolated from clinical specimens, and combined activity of ABPC and MDIPC was investigated employing a chequer board titration method (Box method) with agar plates and liquid media. The following results were obtained. 1. Of the 100 strains tested, approximately 33% were shown to have MICs of ABPC greater than 100 mcg/ml, whereas 92% of strains were greater than 100 mcg/ml to MDIPC. 2. In the combination, antimicrobial activities were demonstrated additive or synergistic action in almost strains tested. 3. A combined effect of these drugs was proved by agar dilution method for the strains, for which the same effect was shown by the tube dilution method. 4. For ABPC-resistant strains, no increase in antibacterial activity of these drugs by combination was demonstrated.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1977

[Clinical and bacteriological study on Flavobacterium meningosepticum (author's transl)].

The present study concerns in vitro observations on the susceptibility to antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents of the strains of F. meningosepticum isolated from various clinical specimens at the Clinical Laboratory of Juntendo University Hospital and the assessment of their clinical significance of the patient, when they are isolated from clinical specimens. 1) Fifty-two % of the strains was isolated from sputum, 20% from urine and 8% from pus and exudate. Only 2 strains were obtained from blood and one strain from cerebro-spinal fluid. 2) The patients with F. meningosepticum from sputum had respiratory distress due to the basic disorder of central nervous system, respiratory system or cardiovascular system. An endotracheal tube or a tracheal canule was placed in most of the patients to assure a patient airway, and they received massive antibiotic therapy. Most of the patients with infected urine had functional and structural abnormality of the urinary tract, as well as a history of instrumentation, and had previously received antibiotic therapy. The bacteremia due to F. meningosepticum occurred after major operation in 2 patients, and one of them suffered from hydrocephalus associated with meningitis, moreover, in whom the organism was isolated from cerebro-spinal fluid. The route of infection with F. meningosepticum cannot be assessed certainly, but the correlation with catheterization or canulation strongly suggests that the instrumentation is required for the organism to become established. 3) In vitro test for sensitivity to 19 chemotherapeutic agents were done with the strains of F. meningosepticum isolated at the laboratory from August 1974 through July 1976. A large number of the strains were highly resistant to SB-PC, CB-PC, DKB, LCM, CL and NF, and resistant to AB-PC, CEZ and AMK. All strains were highly sensitive to MINO, DOTC and CLDM in this order, and were sensitive to EM, PA and NA. The relative sensitivity was found to TC, CP, GM and PPA.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Adrenal pheochromocytoma with both benign and malignant components.

A case of adrenal pheochromocytoma is reported characterized by polygonal basophilic granular cells of benign type, plump eosinophilic granular cells of transitional type, and spindle-shaped cells of malignant type. In the primary tumor the neoplastic cells of each type revealed a distinctive topographical distribution. All gradations between the latter two varieties of cells were found, especially in the vicinity of the transitional cell area. Multiple metastases were present in the liver and lungs, where only anaplastic spindle-shaped cells could be found. Ultrastructurally, the benign cells contained predominantly large, rather light, secretory granules with a coarsely granulated core. In the malignant cells, the number, size, and intensity of granules varied considerably from cell to cell or even within a single cell. In general, the malignant cells had a higher frequency of smaller granules with electron-dense homogeneous cores. Moderate amounts of noradrenalin but not significant dopamine or adrenalin could be demonstrated from a metastatic nodule in liver. We postulate that this adrenal medullary pheochromocytoma was benign originally and underwent malignant transformation shortly before the patient's death. This is based upon the patient's clinical features and the peculiar structures of the primary tumor.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1976

[Distribution and changes of antibiotic susceptibility of genus Haemophilus (author's transl)].

We studied on the distribution and changes of antibiotic susceptibility of H. influenzae, H. parainfluenzae and H. parahaemolyticus isolated from clinical materials, mainly from sputum and pharyngeal swabs. In this study we used 132 strains of H. influenzae, 89 strains of H. parainfluenzae and 43 strains of H. parahaemolyticus isolated during January and June of 1975, and estimated the susceptibility for the following eighteen antibiotics by the agar plate dilution method: ampicillin, amoxicillin, ciclacillin, sulbenicillin, carbenicillin, cephalothin, cefazolin, ceftezole, cephalexin, streptomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, dibekacin, tetracycline, doxycycline, chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol and colistin. We compared these with previously reported results and observed the changes of antibiotic susceptibility. Ampicillin has the strongest antibiotic activity on three species of Haemophilus and the activity of four cephalosporins was weakest. Among three species H. parahaemolyticus was most susceptible and H. influenzae least susceptible to cephalosporins. Antibiotic activity of cyclacillin was rather weak. Other twelve antibiotics have good activity on Haemophilus. We could not find any ampicillin-resistant strain, but found five (3.8%) streptomycin-resistant, one (0.8%) kanamycin-resistant, eleven (8.3%) tetracycline-resistant, and seven (5.3%) chloramphenicol-resistant strains of H. influenzae. Six years ago we found five (9.6%) streptomycin-resistant and one (1.9%) tetracycline-resistant strains, but no resistant strain to other antibiotics. Tetracycline- and chloramphenicol-resistant strains are supposed to have a tendency to increase. There were very few strains which were resistant to more than two antibiotics among H. influenzae. We found a few strains resistant to tetracycline or chloramphenicol among H. parainfluenzae and H. parahaemolyticus, and one strain of H. parainfluenzae was less susceptible to ampicillin.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1976

[Gentamicin-susceptibility of various pathogens isolated from clinical materials].

We studied on the antibacterial activity of gentamicin against various pathogens isolated from clinical materials mainly isolated during 1974 and 1975, comparing with other antibiotics. Beta hemolytic streptococci, pneumococci and enterococci are less susceptible to gentamicin than staphylococci. Staph, aureus and Staph. epidermidis resistant to various antibiotics are very susceptible to gentamicin, and no resistant strain to this drug was found. Haemophilus influenzae, H. parainfluenzae and H. parahaemolyticus are very susceptible to gentamicin, and there is no resistant strain to this drug. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Citrobacter, Serratia and five species of Proteus are more susceptible to gentamicin and tobramycin than dibekacin and amikacin. A few resistant or less susceptible strains to gentamicin are found in E. coli, Citrobacerr, Serratia, Pr. morganii and Pr. rettgeri. Pr. inconstans is less susceptible to gentamicin than other species of Proteus. Antibacterial activity of gentamicin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa is very strong, but dibekacin and tobramycin are stronger. Gentamicin-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are now rather few.

Citrobacter↗
PubMed1975

[Multiple drug resistance of Enterobacter-Serratia group isolated from clinical materials (author's transl)].

We determined the drug susceptibility of Serratia-Enterobacter group isolated from clinical materials between October 1973 and May 1974 by disk method and agar plate dilution method, and compared the drug susceptibility and multiple resistance among pigment-producing Serratia, pigment non-producing Serratia and Enterobacter. We used following drugs for susceptibility tests; ampicillin, carbenicillin, sulbenicillin, cephaloridine, streptomycin, kanamycin, dibekacin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, colistin, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin and erythromycin. Above one half of strains of Serratia and Enterobacter was isolated from sputa and pharyngeal swabs. Almost all strains of Serratia and Enterobacter wer resistant to ampicillin, cephaloridine and erythromycin, but sensitive to gentamicin and dibekacin. Resistant strains were more found in Serratia than in Enterobacter. Pigment non-producing strains of Serratia were more sesistant to chemotherapeutics than pigment producing strains. There were many multiple resistant strains in Serratia and Enterobacter, especially in pigment non-producing strains of Serratia, and the strains isolated from urine were resistant to more drugs compared with the strains from other materials.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1975

[Changes of antimicrobial susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria from clinical specimens (author's transl)].

The susceptibility to several commonly used antimicrobial agents was examined on approximately 900 isolates of various anaerobes from clinical specimens between October 1965 to May 1975, and the changes of susceptibility were investigated. Antimicrobial agents tested were penicillin G (PC-G), ampicillin (AB-PC), cephaloridine (CER), erythromycin (EM), josamycin (JM), lincomycin (LCM), clindamycin (CLDM), chloramphenicol (CP) and tetracycline (TC). And thiamphenicol (TP) and doxycycline (DOTC) were also used against recently isolated organisms. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined with agar plate dilution method. The activity of PC-G, AB-PC and CER against almost all strains of anaerobes was good at 12.5 mug/ml or less, but a marked increase of resistant strains of Bacteroides was recognized. EM, JM and LCM had similar activity against anaerobes, and were effective to most strains of anaerobes except for Veillonella, Bacteroides and Fusobacterium. CLDM was highly active against almost all strains of anaerobes, and more active than the two macrolides and LCM. But recently, significant increase in resistant strains was observed among Bacteroides. CP had good activity against all strains of anaerobes, and the increase of resistant strains was not recognized. TP had a similar good activity as CP. While, activity of TC against all anaerobes was poor at the level of 25 mug/ml or more. DOTC was more active than TC against all strains tested.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1975

[Comparison of the antibacterial activity of amikacin (BB-K8) with other aminoglycosides against pathogens recently isolated from clinical materials (author's transl) ].

We determined the antibacterial activity of amikacin against 1,277 strains of pathogenic bacteria isolated from clinical materials during 1974, including beta hemolytic streptococci, pneumococci, enterococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Staph. epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Serratia, Proteus morganii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and compared the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of this drug with gentamicin, dibekacin, tobramycin and kanamycin. 1)Antibacterial activity of amikacin against beta hemolytic streptococci, pneumococci and enterococci was as weak as the other four aminoglycosides, but against Staph. aureus, Staph. epidermidis, various groups of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed amikacin the good antibacterial activity as gentamicin, dibedacin and tobramycin, and also showed the good activity against kanamycin resistant strains. 2) Amikacin has the similar antibacterial spectrum as gentamicin, dibekacin or tobramycin, but its antibacterial activity is generally weakest among these four drugs. 3) On many strains tested the cross resistance is observed between amikacin and one of gentamicin, dibekacin and tobramycin, but several strains of Proteus morganii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa which have rather large MIC against gentamicin, dibekacin or tobramycin showed rather small MIC against amikacin.

Amikacin↗