[A case of small hepatocellular carcinoma usefully treated by thoracoscopic microwave coagulo-necrotic therapy].
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Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
Biomedical subjects
T Nishio
Publications and source records attributed to T Nishio.
Detailed distribution of nerve growth factor in rat brain determined by a highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay.
We modified a previously reported enzyme immunoassay method to make it more sensitive for quantification of nerve growth factor (NGF), and succeeded in measuring the NGF content in as small as 2 mg (wet weight) of rat brain tissue. Rat brain was cut into about 600 pieces of the same size, and the NGF content in each piece was determined by this method. The findings were as follows: (i) In the cerebral cortex, NGF contents were unevenly distributed, ranging from less than 0.1 to 1.8 ng/g wet wt. The level was highest in the caudal parietal and rostral occipital cortices and lowest in the lateral parietal cortex. (ii) Areas comprising the limbic system such as the cingulate gyrus, pyriform cortex, amygdala, anterior and medial thalamus, hippocampus, septum, and diagonal band of Broca contained high levels of NGF. (iii) In the brain stem and cerebellum, the levels were low; however, a relatively high level was registered in the cerebellar nuclei, lateral vestibular nucleus, ventral cochlear nucleus, superior olive, and pontine reticular nuclei. These findings, taken together with previously published information, suggest that the neurons in the anterior and medial thalamus, pontine reticular nuclei, superior olive, ventral cochlear nucleus, and cerebellar Purkinje cells may be additional populations of NGF-responsive neurons in the rat brain.
Animals↗
A case-control study on occupational lung cancer risks in an industrialized city of Japan.
A hospital-based case-control study was conducted to evaluate occupational risks of lung cancer in an industrialized city of Japan. The lung cancer cases were obtained from 3 major hospitals in the city. The control group consisted of patients with a variety of diseases hospitalized in the same wards of the same hospitals as the cases. After matching on sex, 5-year age category and hospital, 144 cases and 676 controls comprised the study group. A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain lifetime job histories and smoking status. The conditional logistic regression model was used to estimate relative risks after controlling for smoking and employment in other jobs. The workers in shipbuilding, ironworks and other plants (mostly chemical plants) showed statistically significant increases in lung cancer risk with relative risks of 6.18, 2.02, and 2.66, respectively. An increase in risk with the duration of employment was also observed in the "other plants" category. Building and road construction workers also showed increased relative risks, 1.95 and 1.79, but they were not significant. When the risk was evaluated on the exposure chemicals, the workers exposed to inorganic acids and bases had significantly increased risk. The workers exposed to asbestos, dust or organic chemicals also showed increased risk but the effects were not significant. The combined effect of smoking and employment in ironworks showed a good fit to an additive model, while that in the "other plants" category was closer to a multiplicative model.
Adenocarcinoma↗
[Multifocal axonal motor neuropathy associated with anti-ganglioside antibodies].
We report a patient with asymmetrical patchy weakness of the limbs, and with autoantibodies against gangliosides GM1, GD1b, asialo GM1. Although electrophysiological studies did not reveal conduction block, treatment with prednisolone resulted in clinical improvement. A 52-year-old man was admitted to Kyoto University Hospital, because of gait disturbance. Neurological examination revealed a patchy distribution of weakness in the limbs. Deep tendon reflex was normal at the right knee, and was depressed at the right biceps. Other deep tendon reflexes were absent. There was a slight decrease in vibratory sensation in the distal portions of the lower extremities. Routine laboratory studies, heavy metal screen, vitamin, cryoglobulin, coproporphyrin and delta-amino levulinic acid in urine, and the protein value of the cerebrospinal fluid were normal. Head and neck MRI, and myelography were normal. Immunofixation electrophoresis showed IgM lambda M-protein in serum. Thin-layer chromatography with immunostaining showed his serum IgM reacted with GM1, GD1b, and asialo GM1. ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) demonstrated high titers of anti GM1, GD1b and low titer of anti asialo GM1. Motor conduction studies showed no demonstrable conduction block, normal conduction velocities and the low amplitudes of CMAP. Sensory conduction studies showed no abnormalities except for slightly decreased amplitude of SNAP in sural nerve. Electromyography showed active denervation in extensor digitorum communis muscle, tibialis anterior muscle and left biceps brachii muscle. Muscle biopsy specimen revealed large and small group atrophy and there was perivascular mononuclear infiltration at one point.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Autoantibodies↗
[Anti-ganglioside antibodies and motor neuropathy in relation to nerve conduction block].
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Adult↗
Quantitative analysis of the tracking of blood pressure and relative factors in childhood: Shimane Heart Study.
1. In order to clarify the predictive factors of cardiovascular diseases caused by hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia in adults, a longitudinal epidemiological study was started in 1978. 2. This paper reports the results of research carried out from a quantitative analysis of the tracking of blood pressure and anthropometric parameters in children and adolescents using a tracking index. The index was calculated according to the changes in blood pressure quintiles for the whole population during the observation period. 3. The study population consisted of 5148 Japanese children living in the city of Izumo, who were examined every 3 years between the ages of 6 and 15 years old. 4. Although systolic blood pressure tracked weakly during childhood and adolescence, there was no significant relation between the tracking of systolic blood pressure and a family history of hypertension. 5. The tracking indices of the anthropometric parameters were better than those of systolic blood pressure, but the index of the left ventricular mass was similar to that of systolic blood pressure. 6. In conclusion the tracking of blood pressure might be determined by the tracking of bodyweight and height.
Adolescent↗
[Studies on efficacy and safety of panipenem/betamipron against infections in pediatrics and on its movement to cerebrospinal fluid including cases of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis].
The efficacy and the safety of panipenem/betamipron (PAPM/BP), a new carbapenem antibiotic against infections in pediatrics were studied. The obtain results are summarized as follows. 1. The transfer of PAPM/BP to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was studied in 2 cases of purulent meningitis. The PAPM/BP levels in CSF in a dose 26.1 mg/kg peaked at 3.21 micrograms/ml on sampling 30 minutes after administration, followed by decreasing gradually with the improvement in clinical symptoms and came to 0.86 micrograms/ml on the 12th day (30 minutes after administration). 2. PAPM/BP at dose levels of 50 mg/kg to 69 mg/kg a day (daily doses of 104 mg/kg, 175 mg/kg 4 times a day for 2 cases of purulent meningitis) was administered by intravenous drip infusion 3 times daily for 4 to 15 days to 2 cases of purulent meningitis (including 1 case of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus penumoniae meningitis), 3 cases of pneumonia, 2 cases of phlegmon, 2 cases of periproctal abscess and 2 cases of urinary tract infections for a total of 11 cases. As results, all the cases showed good responses including 5 excellent and 6 good responses. Bacteriological efficacies in all of the 9 eligible cases were assessed as "eradicated". 3. As for the safety, an increase in the platelet count and slight evaluation of GOT and GPT were seen in 1 case as abnormal changes in the laboratory findings, although no side-effect was observed. 4. The results above show that PAPM/BP is useful for the treatment of general infections in pediatrics and that a daily dose of about 60 mg/kg given in 3 divided doses in effective enough.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Age Factors↗
[Studies on meropenem in the field of pediatrics].
The pharmacokinetics and the clinical effectiveness of meropenem (MEPM) were examined in the field of pediatrics. The results are summarized as follows. 1. A 4-year-6-month-old girl with suppurative meningitis (Haemophilus influenzae) was treated by intravenous drip infusion of MEPM in a daily dose of 29 mg/kg which was divided into 4 dosages, each dosage being infused over 30 minutes, and the drug concentration in cerebrospinal fluid was determined. Upon completion of infusion on the 2nd day of treatment, the drug concentration was 2.52 micrograms/ml, which corresponded to 3.6% of the drug concentration in the blood. 2. MEPM was used in 10 patients, including 3 with suppurative lymphnoditis, 2 with staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) and 1 each with pneumonia, suppurative meningitis, suppurative knee arthritis, facial phlegmon and pyelonephritis. The daily doses ranged from 30 to 117.6 mg/kg, divided into 3 to 4 dosages and administered via intravenous drip infusion over 30 minutes. Clinical responses were evaluated as very good in 7 patients, good in 2 patients and fair in 1 patient, with an efficacy rate of 90%. 3. Isolated pathogens were 2 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 1 strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae and 3 strains of Haemopilus influenzae. All of the 6 strains were eradicated, with an eradication rate of 100%. 4. In the safety evaluation, none of the patients was observed to have any side effects. Furthermore, no abnormal variations were found in laboratory test data possibly attributable to administration of MEPM.
Bacterial Infections↗
Development of an equation for potentiometric titration of polyelectrolytes using a periodic lattice model. A numerical analysis of interactions among ionizable groups.
A numerical method is presented for analysing the potentiometric titration behavior of linear polyelectrolytes. A polyelectrolyte molecule is treated as a one-dimensional lattice containing a large number of lattice points, each of which has an identical ionizable group. In this method, the polyelectrolyte model lattice is divided into identical repeating unit cell systems with a finite number of ionizable groups to calculate the thermodynamic partition function of the system of polyelectrolyte solution. The electrostatic interaction between ionized groups adopted in the present study is given by the Debye-Hückel type screened Coulombic potential. The titration behavior as well as several thermodynamic quantities is derived by making a canonical ensemble summation of all states in a unit cell system under an appropriate periodic boundary condition. This method serves as a model of the two-step ionization often appearing in polyions with strong neighboring interactions such as homo- and copolymers of maleic acid. Several characteristics of the titration behavior of these polyelectrolytes are well reproduced by using a lattice model with pairwise intervals, including the effects of hydrogen bond formation and change in dielectric constant of the medium around an ionizable group. In addition, this method is valid for a more detailed analysis of the titration behavior of polyelectrolytes with various kinds of arrangements of charged groups.
Journal Article↗
Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic study of bacterial alpha-amylases.
Crystallization of bacterial alpha-amylases has been achieved by the hanging-drop vapor diffusion method. The crystals of Bacillus licheniformis and B. licheniformis 584 amylases are isomorphous to each other. The crystals of B. licheniformis amylase belong to the tetragonal system, space group P4(2)2(1)2 with cell dimensions of a = 119.3 and c = 85.4 A. The asymmetric unit contains one molecule of amylase, with a volume per molecular mass, Vm, of 2.75 A3/Da. The crystals of B. licheniformis and B. licheniformis 584 amylases diffract beyond 2.5 A resolution and are suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystals of B. amyloliquefaciens amylase are orthorhombic, and have space group C222(1), with cell dimensions of a = 154, b = 298, and c = 90 A. The asymmetric unit contains three to five molecules. In the crystallization of B. licheniformis and B. licheniformis 584 amylases, the addition of EDTA was indispensable to obtain large single crystals, while it had an adverse effect on the crystallization of B. amyloliquefaciens amylase, producing a large amount of small crystals.
Bacillus↗
Increased Na(+)-H+ exchange activity in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells from stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Na(+)-H+ exchange activities were studied in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) obtained from stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). The cytoplasmic pH of VSMC was detected by 2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF), which was used as a fluorescent pH probe with a fluorescent microplate reader; this enabled us to measure the cytoplasmic pH of cells attached to multiwell culture plates. We measured cytoplasmic pH recovery in quiescent VSMC after acid loading with 20 mmol/l NH4Cl in HCO3(-)-free buffer. This recovery was inhibited either by removal of extracellular sodium or by addition of 5-N-ethyl-N-isopropyl amiloride (EIPA). The initial recovery rate was dependent on extracellular sodium concentration. Therefore, this change in cytoplasmic pH was presumed to be due to amiloride-sensitive Na(+)-H+ exchange. The Na(+)-H+ exchange activity represented by the cytoplasmic pH recovery rate was significantly higher in VSMC from SHRSP than in WKY cells at extracellular sodium concentrations greater than or equal to 20 mmol/l. In contrast, the steady-state cytoplasmic pH of quiescent VSMC from SHRSP was lower than that of WKY cells in HCO3(-)-free buffer. These findings seemed to contradict each other, and suggested that cytoplasmic pH was regulated not only by Na(+)-H+ exchange but also by other complicated mechanisms.
Animals↗
Relation between blood pressure, left ventricular mass and pulsed Doppler parameters in healthy school children.
We analyzed the relations between blood pressure in sitting and supine positions, left ventricular mass (LVM) and Doppler aortic, pulmonary and mitral flow velocity measurements in 163 healthy school children. Systolic blood pressure in a supine position correlated significantly with aortic acceleration (ATc) and ejection time (ETc), corrected by the square of R-R interval, pulmonary AT and peak flow velocities. Moreover, the systolic blood pressure in a sitting position correlated with pulmonary AT and LVM. LVM correlated with pulmonary ATc, the ratio of AT to ET and average acceleration, and aortic ETc and peak flow velocity. These data suggest the following: (1) the posture influences the relation between blood pressure and flow velocity, (2) pulmonary hemodynamics are influenced by systemic blood pressure in healthy children and (3) the development of LVM may be dependent not only on blood pressure but also on cardiac work in childhood.
Aorta↗
Changes of left ventricular isovolumic relaxation time with growth in children.
We investigated the changes of left ventricular isovolumic relaxation time (LVIRT) with growth and the factors influencing them during childhood, in a 10-year follow-up study. We measured the body height (BH), body weight (BW), lean body weight (LBW), heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), left ventricular muscle volume index (LVMVI), and LVIRT corrected by the preceding R-R interval (IRT/R-R), of 187 healthy children at 3-year intervals (6, 9, 12, 15 years old). IRT/R-R were prolonged with growth in boys and girls. At the ages of 12 and 15, the IRT/R-R of girls were longer than those of boys. Significant correlation coefficients for IRT/R-R on systolic and diastolic, BW, and LVMVI were 0.28, 0.31, 0.20, 0.28, respectively. These data suggest that (1) IRT/R-R is mainly determined by the diastolic BP, (2) left ventricular diastolic function of children develops with growth of body size, especially BW, and (3) left ventricular early diastolic function in adolescents is related to sexual maturation.
Blood Pressure↗
Left ventricular diastolic function of children in high blood pressure tracking group.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether left ventricular (LV) diastolic function in children with high blood pressure (BP) is abnormal. We measured the corrected LV isovolumic relaxation time (IRT), peak velocity of increase in LV dimension (dD/dt) and the LV muscle volume in a high systolic BP tracking group (10 boys and 22 girls) and a low BP tracking group (22 boys and 11 girls) at 3-year intervals from the ages of 6 to 15. The corrected IRT of the high BP tracking group was significantly longer than the low BP tracking group. Left ventricular dD/dt/D of the high BP tracking group was significantly lower than the low BP tracking group from the ages of 12 in boys and 9 in girls. The left ventricular muscle volume index of both groups, however, was not significantly different. Both corrected IRT and dD/dt/D were well correlated with diastolic BP. These data suggest that children in the high BP tracking group might have LV diastolic abnormalities from age 12 or 15, in contrast to children of the low BP tracking group, without increased LV muscle volume. Therefore, it might be useful to examine BP and LV function of children from ages 12 or 15 for prevention of hypertension.
Blood Pressure↗
[A case report of spotted fever group rickettsiosis first encountered in Shimane Prefecture, Japan].
Rickettsial infections of a spotted fever group have recently been experience in Japan. Although there have been 50 cases reported by this time, they were exclusively distributed in the areas along the Pacific coast. We report in this paper the first case of spotted fever group rickettsiosis in Shimane prefecture, an area faced to the Japan Sea. A 57 year-old man with high fever, general fatigue and rash was admitted to the hospital of Shimane Medical University at the end of September 1987, who had been treated with cefaclor for a few days without effect before his visit to the University Hospital. Physical examination revealed erythematous eruption, eschar on the left side of the abdomen, and generalized lymphadenopathy. Hepatosplenomegaly was not detected. Laboratory studies showed normal leukocyte counts with relative lymphopenia, high ESR and increased CRP. Transaminase levels were slightly elevated. Paul-Bunnel and Weil-Felix tests resulted in negative. Specific immunofluorescence tests demonstrated that IgG and IgM antibodies of acute-phase serum to Rickettsia japonica, a spotted fever group rickettsia isolated from patients in Japan, were not detected, while both IgG and IgM antibody titers of convalescent-phase serum increased to 1:320. Convalescent-phase serum reacted at significantly lower titers with R.typhi as well as other pathogenic spotted fever group rickettsiae. The patient was treated with ofloxacin for six days and then with combination of ofloxacin and minocycline. It should be noted that clinical symptoms such as high fever and general fatigue disappeared during a single therapy with ofloxacin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Antibodies, Bacterial↗
Neurotoxicity of human eosinophils towards peripheral nerves.
The toxicity of eosinophils towards peripheral nerves was examined using cultures of posterior ganglion cells from chick embryos. Eosinophils were also derived from a patient with significant "hyper-eosinophilia", peripheral neuropathy, bronchial asthma, myocardial damage and skin involvement. A sural nerve biopsy showed a severe to almost complete loss of myelinated fibers without pathological changes suggesting necrotizing vasculitis. Surviving neurons in a culture containing the patient's eosinophils or serum were markedly decreased in number as compared with those in normal subjects. These results support the possibility that the peripheral neuropathy in the patient caused by toxic agents derived from eosinophils.
Adult↗
Blood pressure by age in childhood and adolescence: a review of 129 surveys worldwide.
The pre-adult patterns of change in blood pressure with age have been investigated by review and pooled analysis of the relevant worldwide literature. The results indicate, foremost, the almost universal overall upward progression of blood pressure levels between ages 6 and 18 years, separately for systolic, fourth-phase and fifth-phase diastolic pressures (SBP, DBP4, DBP5). This report summarizes results of an extensive literature search based on 129 qualifying publications, in many languages, of which 79 yielded data adequate for a pooled age-sex-specific analysis for boys and girls aged 6-18 years. More than 200,000 observations were available for SBP and nearly 100,000 each for DBP4 and DBP5, respectively. In this overall pool, SBP increased uniformly for boys from age 6-12 and for girls from 6-9, at 1.4 mm Hg/yr; for boys the slope increased abruptly to 3.2 mm Hg/yr from 12-15 and fell to 0 at age 18; for girls the maximum increase was only 2.1 mm Hg/yr, from 9-13, and it reversed at age 16, reaching -3.4 mm Hg/yr from 17-18. Thus for SBP the absolute values for boys and girls were identical up to age nine and nearly so to age 14 and then separated, with values for girls increasing only slightly to age 16 and actually decreasing to age 18. A similar separation of age-specific values by sex occurred with DBP4, but not until age 16, after which DBP4 decreased for girls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adolescent↗
Production of optically active esters and alcohols from racemic alcohols by lipase-catalyzed stereoselective transesterification in non-aqueous reaction system.
Microbial lipase-catalyzed transesterification between vinyl acetate and (RS)-2-octanol or (RS)-1-phenylethanol was investigated in a reaction system without addition of aqueous or organic solvents. From a screening test with various lipases, it was found that the enzymes from Pseudomonas species could efficiently catalyze the reaction, and R-enantiomers of the racemic alcohols were preferentially esterified by them. Enantiomeric purities of the optically active alcohols (S) and esters (R) obtained from (RS)-1-phenylethanol by the stereoselective transesterification of these lipases were all more than 95%.
Alcohols↗