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T Nishio

Publications and source records attributed to T Nishio.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

An outbreak of goose parvovirus infection in Japan.

In a Muscovy duck breeding-growing farm in Aomori prefecture, most of ducklings hatched during spring in 1994 died within two-week-old. The mortality was nearly 100%. In most cases, birds died without clinical signs and some with leg weakness. By serological and virological tests, the outbreak was identified as a goose parvovirus infection. In pathological test, however, no typical manifestations of goose parvovirus infections (hepatitis and intranuclear inclusion bodies in hepatic cells) were detected.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Setleis' bitemporal "forceps marks" syndrome in a Japanese family.

Setleis' syndrome is an uncommon inherited condition characterized by bilateral "scarlike" depressions on the temples and a wide spectrum of associated facial abnormalities. We report on a typically affected Japanese boy, whose mother and grandfather show a much milder expression of this disorder, suggesting an apparent autosomal dominant inheritance.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[The study of continuous arterial infusion chemotherapy with CDDP and 5-FU in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma].

Between Feb. 1992 and April in 1995, 22 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (10, recurrence; 12, unresectable) received continuous arterial infusion of CDDP and 5-FU via implanted reservoir. For the next five days, 10 mg/body of CDDP and 250 mg/body of 5-FU using arterial infusion were administered. It was discontinued for two days as one course, and 4 courses were basally administered. Patients were divided into 2 groups (6 hours group and 24 hours group) according to the duration of the administration of 5-FU. There were no differences in efficacy rate between the 2 groups (6 hours group, 64%; 24 hours group, 62.5%), but CR (complete response) cases appeared in only the 6 hours group. There were no severe side effects in the 2 groups, but systemic side effects appeared in 6 hours group more often than in 24 hours group. Only in the 24 hours group, 2 patients had the narrowing and obstruction of hepatic artery which was suggested to be caused by intimal injury due to continuous administration of 5-FU. Continuous arterial infusion chemotherapy with CDDP and 5-FU seemed to be effective. Further study on adequate time and volume of administration including pharmacokinetics is needed to enhance the clinical effectiveness of continuous arterial infusion of CDDP and 5-FU.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Microtubules stability in human peripheral nerves.

We examined the cold stability of microtubules (MT) in biopsied sural nerves. In control nerves, cold treatment reduced the density of MT in unmyelinated axons. The proportion of cold-insoluble MT was approximately 30% by morphological study. By contrast, the extraction study using essentially the same nerves showed that the ratio of cold-insoluble tubulin was 60-75%. These findings suggest the existence of a subpopulation of cold-stable tubulin which may not make up MT. However, in 2 patients with acute dysautonomia the proportion of cold-stable MT or tubulin was decreased compared to that in controls in both the morphological and extraction study. This suggests the altered local process involving MT in primary axonal degeneration.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Anti-GM1 antibodies and impaired blood-nerve barrier may interfere with remyelination in multifocal motor neuropathy.

Multifocal motor neuropathy has pure motor manifestation and nonremittent clinical courses. Antiganglioside antibodies, though variable in titers, are characteristically elevated in the majority of these patient. In our cases, pathological findings at the site of conduction block suggested impaired remyelination and disruption of blood-nerve barrier. These findings lead us to postulate that antibodies toward gangliosides or toward unknown antigens containing gangliosides initiate motor-specific demyelination. The lesion, once produced, may persist as a result of impaired remyelination caused by disrupted blood-nerve barrier. The antibodies bound to denuded axons may also interfere with a remyelinative process. If so, antibodies may not always be circulating, thus accounting for variable levels of titers.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1994

Cellular localization of nerve growth factor-like immunoreactivity in adult rat brain: quantitative and immunohistochemical study.

To elucidate the role and the mechanism of action of nerve growth factor in the adult central nervous system, we investigated the localization of nerve growth factor-like immunoreactivity in adult rat brain, both quantitatively and immunohistochemically, using polyclonal anti-nerve growth factor immunoglobulin G. We raised rabbit polyclonal anti-mouse nerve growth factor antibody with an extremely high titer as 10(-9) determined by an enzyme immunoassay. The affinity-purified anti-nerve growth factor immunoglobulin G specifically recognized nerve growth factor with no cross-reaction to recombinant brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 evaluated by an enzyme immunoassay. We quantified nerve growth factor content in each layer of the adult rat cerebral cortex and in each small piece (0.225 mg wet weight tissue) of the diencephalon, brainstem and cerebellum with a highly sensitive two-site enzyme immunoassay. Nerve growth factor content was unevenly distributed in the cerebral cortex (dense in layers II/III and V/VI and sparse in layers I and IV). Moderate to high levels of nerve growth factor were registered in the habenular nuclei, zona incerta, ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra, locus coeruleus, ventral cochlear nucleus, trapezoid body, lateral vestibular nucleus, cerebellar nuclei and paraflocculus. Immunohistochemically, the nerve growth factor-like immunoreactivity was found in the cell bodies, dendrites and axons of adult rat central neurons, not only in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and basal forebrain, but also in the diencephalon, brainstem and cerebellum. The population of neurons with nerve growth factor-like immunoreactivity was limited, but unexpectedly widespread, and the density of these cells correlated well with the content determined by an enzyme immunoassay in the present and a previous study [Nishio T. et al. (1992) Expl Neurol. 116, 76-84]. The monoamine neurons, including dopaminergic, noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons, showed intense nerve growth factor-like immunoreactivity, indicating that the central monoaminergic neuronal system may also be involved in the nerve growth factor trophic system. To visualize nerve growth factor transported in the axons and to enhance the immunostaining in the nerve growth factor-producing cells, we injected colchicine, a potent inhibitor of microtubule polymerization and a blocker of axoplasmic transport, into the lateral ventricle of adult Wistar rat brain. Colchicine treatment enhanced the intensities of nerve growth factor-like immunoreactivity in the axons and cell bodies, especially in the axon hillocks and the proximal axons of the nerve growth factor-producing neurons. This observation may suggest the existence of an orthograde axonal transport system for nerve growth factor in the central neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Expression of endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1) in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.

We used immunocytochemical methods to identify activated endothelial cells and the ligands of infiltrating cells in sural nerve biopsies from 30 patients with peripheral neuropathy. In chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), the endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule (ELAM-1; E-selectin) was detected in the epineurial vessels of five of the 10 patients. CD68-positive monocytes were usually at ELAM-1-positive endothelial sites and in perivascular tissues, while sialyl-Lewis x-positive cells were detected mostly in the lumina adherent to ELAM-1-positive endothelial cells. The location of activated T cells was not correlated with activated endothelial cells, and endoneurial vessels were not immunostained for ELAM-1. In view of the transient expression of ELAM-1 in response to cytokine stimulation, these findings suggest that endothelial cells play a role in the extravasation of infiltrating cells in CIDP.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Effects of organic acids on heterotrophic nitrification by Alcaligenes faecalis OKK17.

Factors affecting heterotrophic nitrification by Alcaligenes faecalis OKK17, which was isolated from sewage sludge, were examined. Specific nitrifying activity increased as the pH increased up to 8.5. Most of the nitrogenous compounds (88%) in the culture supernatant were converted to hydroxylamine or nitrite at pH 9 but 87% of them remained as ammonium at pH 7. These results imply that the substrate for heterotrophic nitrification is ammonium and that the organism oxidizes ammonium to lower its toxic effect. Although the addition of acetate to a defined medium increased growth of the bacterium up to C/N = ca. 6, the accumulation of nitrification products almost paralleled the growth and the specific nitrifying activity decreased. Pyruvate and oxaloacetate increased the specific nitrifying activity six- to eightfold compared with the other organic acids examined, but the key enzyme activities in the glyoxylate cycle were not increased. Acetate, glyoxylate, and malonate did not increase the specific nitrifying activity, but they increased the enzyme activities. These results imply that the involvement of acetate metabolism in the heterotrophic nitrification is unlikely.

Acetates↗
PubMed1994

[Studies on the efficacy and safety of biapenem (L-627) against infections in pediatrics].

The efficacy and the safety of biapenem (L-627), a new carbapenem antibiotic, against infections in pediatrics were studied. The obtained results are summarized as follows. 1. L-627 at dose levels of 5.4 mg/kg to 12.4 mg/kg (daily doses of 16.2 mg/kg to 37.2 mg/kg) was administered by intravenous drip infusion 3 times daily for 5 to 7 days to 2 cases of pneumonia, 3 cases of skin and soft-tissue infections and 1 case of urinary tract infection for a total of 6 cases. As results, all the cases showed good or better responses including 4 excellent and 2 good results. Bacteriological efficacies in all of the 3 eligible cases were assessed as "eradicated". 2. As for the safety, a decrease in the WBC count and slight elevation of GOT and GPT were observed in 1 case as abnormal changes in the laboratory tests results, only incidence of side effect observed was the eruption in 1 case. 3. The results above indicate that L-627 is useful for the treatment of general infections in pediatrics.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1994

[Transferability of biapenem (L-627) to cerebrospinal fluid in rabbits with meningitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus].

The transferability of biapenem (L-627) to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was studied employing rabbits with experimental meningitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The mean plasma concentration was 192 +/- 12.8 micrograms/ml at 15 minutes after intravenous administration of the drug at a dose level of 100 mg/kg. The mean concentration in CSF was maximum at 45 minutes after administration at 11.4 +/- 2.19 micrograms/ml. Pharmacokinetic parameters calculated from these values were as follows, Cmax (CSF/plasma): 5.96%; AUC (CSF/plasma): 8.15% between 15 and 60 minutes, 12.1% between 15 and 120 minutes and 15.0% between 15 and 180 minutes; T1/2 for L-627 in CSF: 152 minutes; T1/2 (CSF/plasma): 3.34. In comparison with those of other beta-lactam antibiotics that were obtained in the same way, the transferability of L-627 was intermediate, and in consideration of the antimicrobial potency against the main pathogens of meningitis, it appears worthwhile of running clinical trials for this drug.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Paraffinoma].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1994

[A case of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis with increased IgE and CEA].

We report here a case of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis with significantly increased IgE and CEA values, in both serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. A 35-year-old man presented with exertional dyspnea, diffuse abnormal shadows on radiological examination of the chest and physiologic evidence of a restrictive lung disease. Bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial lung biopsy proved that the patient was suffering from pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. He had worked as a landscape gardener for the past 2 years, and had been exposed to insecticides. IgE and CEA levels were significantly elevated in both serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. After whole lung lavage, general status improved remarkably and serum CEA fell to the normal range. The serum IgE level was, however, reduced by only half. Proliferating type II epithelial cells in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis have been suggested to produce CEA. However, the cause of the increased IgE level remains unknown. This case report suggests that some abnormal immunological events, leading to hyperproduction of IgE, could play a role in the onset of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Pathological findings at the site of conduction block in multifocal motor neuropathy.

We report on 2 patients with multifocal motor neuropathy with focal conduction block involving motor but not sensory fibers at the site of nerve swelling. A nerve biopsy specimen from adjacent to the enlargement in 1 patient showed a perivascular area containing scattered demyelinated axons surrounded by small onion bulbs. The observed pathological findings are consistent with the conduction block considered characteristic of this neuropathy, although the underlying immunological mechanisms for selectivity and persistence remain undetermined.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1993

Current status of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic subjects on dialysis therapy in Japan.

According to a national survey of dialysis patients in Japan conducted by the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy, there were 1,033 patients on dialysis in the Shiga area which has a population of about 1.2 million. Of these 1,033 dialysis patients 140 were the result of diabetic nephropathy. From four hospitals affiliated to Shiga University of Medical Science the medical records of 90 diabetic subjects on dialysis therapy were reviewed and various clinical parameters were analysed and compared with those of patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. Since only one patient had Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes, the remaining 89 with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes were used for this study. The significantly different variables between patients with Type 2 diabetes and chronic glomerulonephritis were age (60.4 vs 54.6 years, p < 0.05), BMI (22.4 vs 20.6 kg/m2, p < 0.001), cardiothoracic ratio (56.4 vs 53.3%, p < 0.001), mean blood pressure (110 vs 117 mmHg, p < 0.05), serum creatinine (9.0 vs 11.5 mg/dl, p < 0.001), serum urea-N (98.2 vs 115.5 mg/dl, p < 0.001), serum total protein (6.0 vs 6.5 g/dl, p < 0.001) and serum albumin (3.5 vs. 3.9 g/dl, p < 0.001). Serum levels of cholesterol and triglyceride were not significantly different between two groups, though the prevalence of electrocardiogram abnormalities, oedema, neuropathy, myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular diseases was significantly higher in the Type 2 diabetic group. These results suggested that Type 2 diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease were older, more malnourished, fluid overloaded and multi-morbid as a result of vasculopathy and neuropathy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1993

A longitudinal study of blood pressure, cholesterol and left ventricular muscle volume in children: the Shimane Heart Study.

Three hundred and forty-four healthy schoolchildren living in Izumo City, Shimane Prefecture, Japan, were assessed at 3 year intervals from 6 to 15 years, starting in 1978 (Cohort 1) or 1981 (Cohort 2). Tracking indices (Ti) were calculated as follows: Ti = (2x + y - z)/N/0.89, where x, y and z refer to the total number in the same, adjacent and remote trisections, respectively, and N = x + y + z. If Ti > 1, there is positive tracking. For systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurements (except at 6 years old) and serum cholesterol levels, all Ti were greater than 1.0 regardless of the time when tracking was commenced. Tracking indices were slightly greater in the serum cholesterol levels than in the SBP measurements. Left ventricular muscle volume indices (LVMVI) were calculated by echocardiographic measurements. In girls, the LVMVI was larger only in the above-median SBP group at the age of 12 years (P < 0.01), but the LVMVI of the higher SBP (above median) group was larger than in the lower (below median) group at every age in boys; the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05) at 12 and 15 years of age. Left ventricular mass enlargement may occur in the prehypertensive stage in humans as well as in rats.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Monoclonal antibody specific to virulence-associated 15- to 17-kilodalton antigens of Rhodococcus equi.

Virulent Rhodococcus equi produces 15- to 17-kDa surface protein antigens. These antigens are used as markers to identify virulent R. equi isolates from foals and their environment by Western blot (immunoblot) analysis with naturally infected foal serum. In the present study, a monoclonal antibody (MAb; 10G5) was generated against the 15- to 17-kDa antigens excised from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels to develop sensitive and specific immunoblot assays for the identification of virulent R. equi. MAb 10G5 strongly reacted with R. equi ATCC 33701 and L1, which expressed 15- to 17-kDa antigens by Western blot, colony blot, and dot immunobinding assays, but it did not react with strains ATCC 33701P- and L1P-, which lacked the antigens. For identification of virulent R. equi, clinical and environmental isolates were tested by these assays with the MAb, and all virulent strains were successfully identified; these strains possessed virulence plasmids. These results suggest that the MAb is a useful reagent for the identification of virulent R. equi.

Animals↗