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Biomedical subjects

T Murase

Publications and source records attributed to T Murase.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Intestinal parasitic infections among schoolchildren in Chiang Mai, northern Thailand: an analysis of the present situation.

Stool examination from primary schoolchildren in Chiang Mai Province, north Thailand, was performed to determine the present state of parasitic infections in this area. Out of a total of 491 children, 239 proved positive (48.7%). The most common type of parasite was found to be soil-transmitted helminths such as hookworm (26.3%) or Strongyloides stercoralis (11.2%), while Ascaris lumbricoides was not so prevalent (1.2% being positive in one school out of three). These results are in contrast to earlier reports showing higher prevalence rates, leading the authors to hypothesize that improvements in sanitary conditions and eradication projects have been effective. Opisthorchiasis is another parasitic disease with a relatively high prevalence rate of 7.5%. This disease rate increases with age and it was found in two out of three schools (8.3-15.8%) and was the most common type of helminth infection. Ascariasis was not seen in these two schools, but strongyloidiasis was found to be the second most prevalent helminthiasis, having a higher infection rate than hookworm. Therefore, eradication efforts now need to be directed toward eliminating opisthorchiasis and strongyloidiasis in addition to continuing to eradicate ascariasis and hookworm infections. The most common protozoal infection with a high pathogenicity in this region was found to be giardiasis (7.7%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Enhanced synthesis and secretion of apolipoprotein E from sciatic nerves of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats after injury.

To elucidate the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy, synthesis and secretion of apolipoprotein E (apo E) from sciatic nerves after injury was studied in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Seven, 14, 28, 45 and 59 days after making crush injury on sciatic nerves with concomitant administration of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg body weight), the nerves were taken out and incubated with [35S]methionine. The [35S]labeled apo E was precipitated with specific antiserum. The amounts of apo E secreted into medium by nerves of diabetic rats were 7 times greater than those of non-diabetic rats 7 days after injury. This enhanced secretion of apo E was relatively selective for this protein, since the ratio of the immunoprecipitable apo E to the TCA preciptitable protein in the medium increased in diabetic rats. Intriguing possibility deduced from these results is that the secretion of apo E is involved in the development of diabetic neuropathy.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

An immunochemical and immunohistochemical study of S100 protein in renal cell carcinoma.

The authors localized S100 protein in renal tubules and renal cell carcinoma by immunohistochemical study and quantitative analysis by enzyme immunoassay. The alpha subunit of S100 protein (S100-alpha) was localized in epithelial cells of proximal tubules, thin limbs of loops of Henle, collecting tubules, and a few of Bowman's capsules. The beta subunit (S100-beta) was immunostained in the distal tubules, thick and thin loops of Henle, collecting tubules, and a few proximal tubules. In renal cell carcinoma, S100-alpha was immunohistochemically demonstrated in 82% (41/50) of patients including sarcomatoid variants, whereas S100-beta was detected in 46% (23/50). Both the number of positively stained tumor cells and the staining intensity were greater in S100-alpha than in S100-beta. Concentrations of S100-alpha in the cortex were 80.3 +/- 22.5 ng/mg protein (n = 7), whereas those of renal cell carcinoma were 387 +/- 533 ng/mg protein (n = 19), i.e., about five times higher. Concentrations of S100-beta in both normal kidney (1.96 +/- 0.74 ng/mg protein) and renal cell carcinoma (2.05 +/- 2.16 ng/mg protein) were much lower than those of S100-alpha. The authors also localized S100-alpha and S100-beta in tissues of other renal tumors and tumors arising from other organs. S100a0 appears to be a useful immunohistochemical marker for renal cell carcinoma.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1988

A study of DNA polymorphism in the apolipoprotein B gene in a Japanese population.

A Japanese group comprising 53 hyperlipidemic and 54 normolipidemic subjects was genotyped for DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) at the apo B gene locus. The polymorphisms with XbaI and PvuII were present at allelic frequencies of 0.04 (X1 allele) and 0.96 (X2 allele), 0.94 (P1 allele) and 0.06 (P2 allele), respectively. Unlike the previous reported association of the X1 allele with hypercholesterolemia found in Caucasians there was no difference in the frequency of the X1 allele between normolipidemic and hypercholesterolemic Japanese. Among the Japanese, two RFLPs appear to be in linkage equilibrium and can be used in conjunction as a haplotype. There is no strong population association in our patient group between any allele of the RFLPs studied and hyperlipidemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Down-regulation of hepatic LDL receptor protein and messenger RNA in fasted rabbits.

Rabbits fasted for 9 and 14 d exhibited 6- and 8-fold increase in plasma cholesterol level, respectively. As one of the mechanisms causing hypercholesterolemia in fasted rabbits, the decreased activity of hepatic low-density lipoproteins (LDL) receptor has been reported (Stoudemire, J.B., Renaud, G., Shames, D.M., & Havel, R.J. (1984) J. Lipid Res. 25, 33-39). In order to demonstrate the down-regulation of hepatic LDL receptor on a molecular basis, we carried out immunoblotting of the liver membranes with a specific antibody against LDL receptors and blot hybridization of hepatic RNAs with cDNA of LDL receptor. Immunoblotting showed that LDL receptors in fasted rabbits were markedly decreased, and blot hybridization of RNAs showed a significant decrease in mRNA level of hepatic LDL receptor in fasted rabbits. Further, significant decreases both in LDL binding to liver membrane and in hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity in fasted rabbits were demonstrated. From these results, we concluded that hypercholesterolemia in fasted rabbits is caused by the impaired catabolism of LDL due to down-regulated biosynthesis of hepatic LDL receptor.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of intravesical alum irrigation for massive bladder hemorrhage.

The efficacy of intravesical alum irrigation was analyzed after application to 9 patients with continuous and severe bladder hemorrhage. Causes of bleeding were radiation cystitis in 4 patients, vesical invasion by cervical cancer in 3, bladder cancer in 1 and cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis in 1. Though alum treatment was initially effective for control of massive bladder hemorrhage in all patients, it eventually failed to suppress a subsequent hemorrhage in 2 patients (78% success rate). No significant side effects directly related to this therapy were observed. In conclusion, alum irrigation is effective for controlling massive bladder hemorrhage for a rather short time. Therefore, additional treatment modalities should also be considered for primary diseases.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1988

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymorphism in the apolipoprotein AI gene: a study in a Japanese population.

A Japanese group comprising 54 hyperlipidemic and 73 normolipidemic subjects were genotyped for DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) at the apoAI-CIII gene locus. The polymorphisms with Sstl were present at allelic frequencies of 0.63 (S1 allele) and 0.37 (S2 allele). Unlike the previously reported associations of the S2 allele with hypertriglycedemia found in Caucasians there was no difference in the frequency of S2 allele between normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic Japanese subjects. No significant association of genotypes were observed with serum levels of lipids and apolipoproteins, except for the association of the S2 allele with the higher mean level of HDL-cholesterol. In addition, among 26 patients who had coronary artery disease (CAD), as documented by angiography, there was no significant difference in the distribution of polymorphic alleles between CAD patients and normolipidemic control subjects.

Alleles↗
PubMed1988

[A study of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy of advanced urinary epithelial cancer].

The effect of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy was studied in 22 cases of advanced urinary epithelial cancer. Vincristine, mitomycin C and bleomycin (VMB) was administered in combination to 9 prophase cases from December, 1980 to March, 1982 and cis-dichlorodiamine platinum, peplomycin and mitomycin C (PPM) in combination to 13 anaphase cases from April, 1982 to November, 1984. The site was renal pelvic cancer in 3 cases, cancer of the ureter in 3 cases, cancer of the bladder in 13 cases, cancer of the pelvis, ureter, and bladder in 1 case, and recurrence of pelvic cancer following bladder cancer in 2 cases. The degree of invasion was pTa in 2 cases, pT1 in 1 case, pT2 in 1 case, pT3 in 11 cases and pT4 in 5 cases. Lymph node metastasis had occurred in 9 cases, no metastasis in 8 cases and it was unclear in the remaining 6 cases. The mean observation period was 16.5 months; 10 patients were alive without any tumors, one patient was alive with a tumor, 11 patients died of cancer, and one patient died intercurrently. The mean postoperative survival period in the mortality cases was 14.5 months. According to the classified type of chemotherapy received, there were 3 out of 9 cases (33.3%) who survived without tumors after receiving VMP and 7 out of 13 cases (53.8%) in the PPM group who survived without tumors. Although a simple comparison cannot be made, it appears that PPM therapy is superior. No severe side-effects were observed.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

[Multivariate evaluation of survival factors and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with bladder cancer treated by radical cystectomy].

Multivariate analysis by Cox's proportional hazard model was performed on 71 bladder cancer patients treated by radical cystectomy to clarify factors affecting survival and to evaluate the efficacy of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Clinicopathologic data included in the analysis were age, sex, interval from onset of symptoms to first consultation, prior tumor history, year of operation and tumor characteristics: size, number, growth pattern, stage, grade, mode of infiltration, lymphatic invasion, lymph-node metastasis and lymphocyte infiltration around tumors. Analysis revealed that stage is the most statistically significant factor for survival (p less than 0.0001); followed by year of operation (p less than 0.05) and lymph node metastasis (p less than 0.1). The above three determinants yielded hazard ratios of 16.6 for stage (pT3a-pT4 vs. pTis-pT2), 2.7 for year of operation (1978-1982 vs. 1983-1987) and 2.4 for lymph node metastasis (positive vs. negative). Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin, peplomycin and mitomycin C (PPM therapy) seemed to improve survival, when the influence of the major prognostic factors were adjusted by the proportional hazards model. The authors conclude that stage and lymph node metastasis should be considered when postoperative adjuvant treatment is selected for patients with bladder cancer treated by radical cystectomy, and that further prospective randomized trials are mandatory to confirm the efficacy of postoperative adjuvant PPM therapy suggested by the present retrospective multivariate analysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[A case of non-Hodgkin lymphoma with complete remission achieved by carboplatin].

The patient was a 63-year-old female, who was admitted to the National Nagoya Hospital with complaints of left cervical and bilateral axillary lymphadenopathy on 12 May, 1987. Since May 1985, with the diagnosis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, she had been successfully treated with combination chemotherapy (VEPA) and radiotherapy at another hospital. Left axillary lymphode biopsy revealed a diagnosis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, diffuse large cell type. Then, she was given intravenous administration of carboplatin (400 mg/body) on 26 May, 1987. After a single course of this regimen, the lymphnode swelling subsided, and she achieved complete remission on 6 June. Thereafter, she was placed on the maintenance chemotherapy of carboplatin (400 mg/body) every 5 weeks. Through the whole course of this patient, the serum levels of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine were normal, and she did not notice nausea, vomiting and peripheral neuropathy. To our knowledge, this is the first report of complete response by the administration of carboplatin for non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1988

Predictive value of insulin autoantibodies for further progression of beta cell dysfunction in non-insulin-dependent diabetics.

The predictive value of insulin autoantibodies (IAA) was examined prospectively in 58 non-insulin-dependent diabetics (NIDDs) with and without IAA. The longitudinal changes in serum C-peptide (CPR) responses to 100 g oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) as well as IAA and islet cell antibodies (ICA) in these subjects were followed up to 84 mo (mean 38 mo). Based on the positivity for IAA and ICA during the study, the subjects were subdivided into the following four groups; (a) persistently IAA- and ICA-positive subjects (Group 1, n = 7), (b) persistently IAA-negative and ICA-positive subjects (Group 2, n = 18), (c) persistently IAA-positive and ICA-negative subjects (Group 3, n = 3), (d) persistently IAA- and ICA-negative subjects (Group 4, n = 30). In Group 1 subjects serum CPR response to OGTT decreased significantly during the follow-up study (p less than 0.01), while in the remaining three groups, the response did not show any significant change. Blood glucose level during OGTT in Group 1 increased (p less than 0.01), while the values in remaining groups had no significant change. Four out of seven in Group 1 and 3 out of 18 in Group 2 progressed slowly to insulin-dependent state (p less than 0.07 Group 1 vs. Group 2). None of the subjects in Group 3 and Group 4 progressed to insulin-dependent state (p = 0.01 Group 1 vs. Group 4). The percent binding of labeled insulin and titer of ICA did not show any significant change among their positive groups during the study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Autoantibodies↗