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Biomedical subjects

T Morishima

Publications and source records attributed to T Morishima.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources

Non-invasive method for early diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis.

For the early diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis IgG and IgM antibodies to herpes simplex virus in cerebrospinal fluid were measured by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a local production index was calculated. Using these three criteria, 31 cases of various neurological illnesses were analysed. All eight cases of herpes simplex encephalitis were diagnosed correctly in the acute phase, and there were no false positive results.

Adolescent↗

Antigenic characterization of the internal proteins of Newcastle disease virus by monoclonal antibodies.

We have prepared and characterized monoclonal antibodies against the three internal structural proteins, M, P and NP, of Newcastle disease virus. At least two non-overlapping antigenic sites were delineated on the M protein, four on the P, and two on the NP by competitive binding assay. One of the two non-overlapping antigenic sites on the M protein was found to be a cluster of at least three distinct epitopes. Enhancement of antibody binding by the binding of a second antibody was observed with the M protein. The reactivity of these monoclonal antibodies with heterologous strains was studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results indicated that there are both highly conserved antigenic sites and those subject to remarkable change on both M and P proteins. On the other hand, NP appeared to be antigenically more stable.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

Immunohistochemical study of carbonic anhydrase in mixed tumours and adenomas of sweat and sebaceous glands.

Immunohistochemical distribution of carbonic anhydrase II (CA) in mixed tumours and adenomas of sweat gland origin and in sebaceous adenomas was demonstrated by the PAP method. Normal sweat glands, both eccrine and apocrine, clear cells of the secretory coils, and ductal epithelial cells all showed conspicuous staining for CA, and sebaceous glands were also positive. Mixed tumours of the skin indicated strongly positive staining for CA in the luminal cells of tubular and duct-like or cystic structures, while most of the other tumour cells were negative. In solid or massive foci, CA positive cells were found scattered among the cellular mass. Sebaceous adenomas were usually moderately positive for CA throughout the tumour.

Adenoma↗

Multiple integration site of hepatitis B virus DNA in hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic active hepatitis tissues from children.

Attention was directed to hepatitis B virus (HBV) integration in tissues obtained from an hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) of an 11-year-old boy and from the liver of his 6-year-old brother, who had chronic active hepatitis. Multiple HBV DNA integration sites were demonstrated in both tissues. Cell population(s) in the HCC and liver from the patient with chronic active hepatitis were assumed to be heterogeneous with regard to HBV integration. The integrated forms in the two tissues showed similar genetic organization without gross rearrangement. The location of one of the virus-chromosomal junctions was restricted to the 5'-end region of the minus-strand DNA of HBV. The experimental results support our previous model for the mechanism of HBV integration, in which minus-strand replicative intermediates integrate into chromosomal DNA. The integrated HBV DNAs were conserved in the same region of the viral genome, spanning from the C gene through the S gene to the X gene, which contains intrinsic promoter-enhancer sequences.

Base Sequence↗

Local production of rotavirus specific IgA in breast tissue and transfer to neonates.

Rotavirus specific IgA, secretory component, and IgG were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in 20 pairs of mothers and babies to estimate antibody transfer from the mother, particularly from breast milk to neonatal faeces. Colostrum contained high titres of specific IgA and secretory component, which decreased gradually. Faeces after breast feeding for three days showed detectable titres of IgA and secretory component, with further increases by seven days. There was a positive correlation between titres of secretory component in breast milk and in faeces. To clarify the mechanism of high anti-rotavirus activity in breast milk, ratios of rotavirus specific IgA in maternal serum samples to breast milk were calculated and compared with those that were herpes simplex virus specific. Significantly higher concentrations were obtained for the herpes simplex virus specific samples, indicating that anti-rotavirus IgA is selectively produced in breast tissue.

Antibodies, Viral↗

Quick diagnosis of malignant melanoma with the touch-fluorescence method during operation.

Nine cases of primary melanotic melanoma, three cases of metastatic amelanotic melanoma, and 26 cases of pigmented and unpigmented tumors other than melanoma were examined with the touch-fluorescence method using preparations from the cut surface of the lesions. Fluorescent melanoma cells were easily detected with a fluorescence microscope in all the cases of malignant melanoma whether the melanoma was melanotic or amelanotic. The fluorescent melanoma cells could be divided into three types by configuration: round, spindle-shaped, and pleomorphic. The main cell type of superficial spreading melanoma was round and that of nodular melanoma and acral lentiginous melanoma was chiefly pleomorphic. Fluorescent tumor cells were not seen in pigmented and unpigmented tumors other than melanoma, except in pigmented basal cell epithelioma; this fact made it possible to apply this method routinely for quick diagnosis of malignant melanoma during operation.

Adult↗

Interferon-mediated self-limiting growth of respiratory syncytial virus in mouse embryo cells.

The growth of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus in primary mouse embryo (ME) cells was investigated. The virus yields in ME cells were markedly lower if compared with those in HEp-2 cells, which are fully permissive for RS virus, and a remarkable production of interferon (IFN) was found in the early period of infection of the former cells. The virus yields in ME cells were enhanced when antimouse IFN serum was added to the medium. Indirect immunofluorescent staining of infected ME cells showed that the infection spread in the entire monolayer in the presence of antiserum, whereas it was markedly restricted throughout in the absence of the serum. All the major viral polypeptides were synthesized in the absence of the serum. However, their synthesis rates were greatly enhanced if the antiserum was added. These results suggest that the virus growth in ME cells is self-limiting and that this limited growth is due to autointerference by endogenously produced IFN during the course of infection. Further, this type of growth restriction of RS virus appears to be characteristic of cells of mouse origin by comparative studies that used other cells of different origin.

Animals↗

The measurement and validation of the nonsteady-state rates of C-peptide appearance in the dog.

In order to verify the calculation of nonsteady rates of secretion of C-peptide, dog C-peptide was infused into 5 normal conscious dogs at varying rates. Using the decay curve obtained following a preliminary injection of C-peptide in each animal, concentrations during the infusion, and mathematical deconvolution, the rate of appearance of the C-peptide was calculated. This rate was within 12% of the infusion rates, with 94% of the C-peptide infused recovered in the calculation. The metabolic clearance of C-peptide was calculated to be 10.1 +/- 1.0 ml/min following both its injection and constant infusion. In conclusion, within the limits of the errors determined, C-peptide and therefore insulin secretion can be calculated on a continuous basis under nonsteady-state conditions.

Animals↗

Studies on the adaptation of mumps virus to chick embryo.

About 15 serial passages of wild type mumps virus (Sasazaki strain) in the amnion sac of chick embryo (CE) yielded a CE-adapted strain which was poorly replicative and did not form plaques in Vero cells where the wild strain grew well. In the course of this limited replication of the CE-adapted strain in Vero cells, we have analysed the viral protein and RNA synthesis. It was found that protein synthesis took place very efficiently at least early in infection by 12 h. The subsequent rate of synthesis remained, however, at a low level without showing the progressively increasing synthesis observed with the wild strain. Furthermore, 50S genomic RNA was synthesized early in the limited infection, but the subsequent synthesis was markedly suppressed. In addition, the other virus-specific RNA species could not be detected throughout. Thus the amplified RNA synthesis observed in the permissive CE cells and in the wild strain-infection of Vero cells seemed not to occur in the limited replication. Neither interferon nor DI (defective interfering) RNA was involved in the limited virus growth. When Vero cells were infected with the wild strain 6 to 8 h before inoculation of CE-adapted strain, growth restriction was overcome and the yield of the latter virus was greatly enhanced by a factor more than 10(3). These results suggest that through adaptation to CE, mumps virus may be altered in such a way that there is a restriction, probably at a step (s) involved in amplification of the viral RNA synthesis in Vero cells and that the restriction may be overcome by the simultaneous genome expression of the prototype wild strain.

Animals↗

Topological and operational delineation of antigenic sites on the HN glycoprotein of Newcastle disease virus and their structural requirements.

Monoclonal antibodies to the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein of Newcastle disease virus have identified four antigenic sites on the glycoprotein, which are topologically and operationally discriminated from one another. To define the metabolisms and cellular compartments required for formation of the individual antigenic sites, a panel of monoclonal antibodies were examined for their reactivity with the nascent and variously processed forms of the antigen molecules in combination with the use of inhibitors of glycosylation (tunicamycin and N-methyl-1-deoxynojirimycin) and glycoprotein transport (carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone and monensin). Reactivity was also examined with the antigen molecules deglycosylated by endoglycosidase F and with the antigen molecules reduced by 2-mercaptoethanol. The results taken together suggest that posttranslational organization of the glycoprotein is important for all four of the antigenic sites. At the same time, there appeared to be marked site-specific requirements with respect to glycosylation and disulfide bond formation. However, all of these metabolic requirements were found to be provided within the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and no further processing of the antigen molecules appeared to be necessary for the formation of any of the antigenic sites.

Amino Acid Sequence↗