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Biomedical subjects

T Miyoshi

Publications and source records attributed to T Miyoshi.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Enhancing effect of sodium chloride on in vitro adsorption of paraquat onto activated carbon.

The enhancing effect of sodium chloride addition on the adsorption of paraquat onto activated carbon was discussed from the standpoints of equilibrium amount adsorbed and adsorption rate in vitro. The amount of paraquat adsorbed was increased by the addition of sodium chloride. The amount adsorbed with 0.1% addition was about five times greater than that in sodium chloride-free solution at an equilibrium concentration of 1 mg/L. The adsorption rate of paraquat onto activated carbon was also accelerated by sodium chloride addition. Kinetic constants in 0.1% and 0.9% sodium chloride solution were about 1.4 and 2.0 times greater, respectively, than that in sodium chloride-free solution. It was confirmed that paraquat removal by activated carbon was enhanced by sodium chloride addition. The reason was assumed to be the interrupted dissociation of paraquat in solution caused by sodium chloride addition.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1992

[Changes of nutritional factors related to regional differences in the mortality of cardiovascular disease between 1966 and 1985 in Japan].

Cardiovascular disease has been the leading cause of death since 1946 in Japan. In this paper, the relationship between mortality and nutritional factors was analyzed by 12 different regions in Japan during the period 1966-1985. Data in the Reports of the National Nutritional Survey in Japan were used as the nutritional factors, and calculation was made of age-adjusted mortality from ischemic heart disease (IHD), cerebral hemorrhage (CH) and cerebral infarction (CI). The results obtained were as follows: 1. Correlation coefficients were calculated based on the average value of 20 years in each 12 different regions. Correlation coefficients between the mortality from IHD and intake of total fat and n3-polyunsaturated fatty acids were positively significant for both sexes. Between the mortality from CH and vegetable protein and salt, they were positively significant (p < 0.01) while cholesterol was negatively significant (p < 0.01). Between the mortality from CI and vegetable protein, salt and carbohydrate, they were positively significant (p < 0.01). 2. Correlation coefficients between slopes of CH and slopes of nutrients intakes, indicated cholesterol to be negatively significant (p < 0.05) for women from 1966-1970, and salt to be positively significant for men (p < 0.01) and women (p < 0.05) from 1974-1985. In the period 1966-1970, the correlation coefficient between slopes of IHD and those of Keys' factor was positively significant (p < 0.05) for women. 3. To clarify changes in the relationship between mortality and nutrients, correlation coefficients were calculated each year from 1966 to 1985. Significant positive correlation coefficients for IHD were found with animal protein and saturated fat starting from about 1975. Salt was associated with IHD in the 1960s but not following 1970. Those of nutrients for CH and CI did not change markedly during 18 years. 4. Multiple regression analysis with intake of salt and Keys' factor indicated that the influence of salt on cardiovascular disease to decreased and that that of low serum cholesterol on CH declined. Multiple correlation coefficients with salt and Keys' factor decreased for IHD (men) and CH (women).

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed1992

[Two cases of acute promyelocytic leukemia in pregnancy and the effect of anthracyclines on fetal development].

Two patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) in 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy are reported on. Case 1: 38-year-old female consulted our hospital because of bleeding tendency and pancytopenia in April, 1988. She was diagnosed as having APL with disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) and was found to be in the 14th week of gestation. Combined chemotherapy (BHAC-DMP) including the total dose (440 mg) of daunorubicin (DNR) resulted in intrauterine fetal death at 19 weeks of gestation. The fetus was severely anemic and the bone marrow was hypoplastic. Case 2: A 27-year-old female was diagnosed as having APL with DIC at 29 weeks of gestation. BHAC-DMP including 440 mg DNR achieved complete remission. At 35 weeks of gestation, she delivered a normal infant by Caesarean section. The child had normal hematological findings and showed normal growth. Both cases developed APL accompanied by DIC during pregnancy and were treated with a similar regimen including high dose of anthracyclines. Case 2 treated in the late period of gestation delivered a normal infant, while fetal death resulted in case 1, treated in the early period of gestation. We reviewed the literature regarding chemotherapy using anthracyclines during pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Effects of tricyclic drug on induced circular dichroism spectra of dicumarol bound to alpha 1-acid glycoprotein.

Effects of both tricyclic and non-tricyclic drugs on the extrinsic Cotton effects of dicumarol bound to human alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) have been investigated. Basic tricyclic drugs caused the reversal of the signs of the induced Cotton effects of the circular dichroism (CD) spectra of the dicumarol-AGP system while the basic drugs not possessing tricyclic rings and acidic drugs decreased the observed ellipticities without changing the signs of its CD spectra. There was no reversal of the CD signs of the drugs not containing two hydroxycoumarin rings bound to AGP by basic tricyclic drugs. Raising of pH and temperature, and the addition of guanidine hydrochloride decreased the observed ellipticities of the CD spectra of the dicumarol-AGP system without showing any change in the signs of the Cotton effects. The mutual displacement data showed that protriptyline increased its own binding and that of dicumarol with AGP. The results of CD titration and equilibrium dialysis experiments suggest that dicumarol-AGP and dicumarol-AGP-protriptyline form a 1:1 binary complex and a 1:1:1 ternary complex, respectively.

Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic↗
PubMed1991

High-intensity area in the deep white matter indicating hemodynamic compromise in internal carotid artery occlusive disorders.

We used positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate 16 patients with transient ischemic attacks or minor strokes and unilateral internal carotid occlusive disease, five with stenosis, and 11 with occlusion. Cerebral blood flow, cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen, oxygen extraction fraction, cerebral blood volume, and T2-weighted magnetic resonance images obtained at 1.5-T were analyzed. Irrespective of vascular disease, patients with a confluent high-intensity area in the middle centrum semiovale had substantially decreased cerebral blood flow and ratio of cerebral blood flow to blood volume in the middle cerebral artery distribution of the cortex, with a substantially increased oxygen extraction fraction. We concluded that the confluent high-intensity area in the deep white matter region indicates hemodynamic compromise in the affected hemisphere in internal carotid artery occlusive disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Coronal reconstruction images of glucose metabolism in Alzheimer's disease.

Coronal images of position emission tomography (PET) by 18F-labelled deoxyglucose reconstructed from interpolated scan in Alzheimer's disease clearly indicated suppression of glucose metabolism in the parietal lobe and lateral part of the temporal lobes, compared to normal controls. The medial part of the temporal lobes in Alzheimer's disease did show a mildly lower glucose metabolic rate than that in normal controls; therefore it is suggested that the parietal and lateral parts of the temporal lobes are primary affected regions in Alzheimer's disease, not the medial part of the temporal lobe, including the hippocampus.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Adsorption removal of benzalkonium chloride by granular activated carbon for medical waste water treatment.

The adsorption removal of benzalkonium chloride disinfectant by granular activated carbon is discussed. The adsorption isotherm of benzalkonium chloride was expressed by the Freundlich equation. A significant correlation was found between the amount of benzalkonium chloride adsorbed in less than 1000 ppm of equilibrium concentration and the micropore volume of activated carbon. As for the adsorption rate, a change in intraparticle diffusiveness was found with increasing adsorption ratio. No significant correlation between the values of intraparticle diffusiveness and the properties of activated carbon was found. It was concluded that the micropore volume of activated carbon was the dominant factor in the adsorption removal of benzalkonium chloride by granular activated carbon.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1991

Digestibility and energy availability of Wakame (Undaria pinnatifida) seaweed in Japanese.

The digestibilities of nutrients and energy in Wakame were measured in healthy adult males. A test diet was given for 5 days after 5 days on a basal diet which supplied 40 g/day of protein and 45 kcal/kg/day of energy. The test diet was identical with the basal diet except that Wakame was incorporated. Digestibility was calculated by the difference of fecal output between the test period and the basal period. However the digestibility of its nutrient component was found to be different at each intake level. Therefore the present study simply lists the calculated figures. The results obtained were follows: 1) Composition of Wakame was protein: 20.5%, fat: 1.7%,. Total carbohydrate: 45.1%, gross energy content: 322 kcal/100g. 2) Digestibility of protein was 70.1 +/- 14.0%. 3) Digestibility of fat was 97.5 +/- 59.0%. 4) Digestibility of carbohydrate was 55.8 +/- 14.6%. 5) The ratio of the total available energy to intake energy (Net Energy Availability) was 62.4 +/- 19.4%. Wakame contains proteins and available carbohydrates, and may be consumed as a protein source as well as a good source of vitamins and minerals.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Study on digestibility and energy availability of daily food intake (Part 4. Shiitake mushroom)].

The digestibilities of nutrients and energy in Shiitke mushrooms (Lentinus edodes) was measured in healthy adult males. A test diet was given for 5 days after 5 days on a basal diet which supplied 40g/day of protein and 45kcal/kg/day of energy. The test diet was identical with the basal diet except that shiitake was incorporated. Digestibility was calculated by the difference of fecal output between the test period and the basal period. The results obtained were follows: 1. Shiitake 60g/day intake level Digestibility of protein was 69.3 +/- 11.2%. Digestibility of fat was 66.6 +/- 24.9%. Digestibility of carbohydrate was 55.7 +/- 10.5%. The ratio of the total available energy to intake energy (Net Energy Availability) was 55.4 +/- 15.4%. 2. Shiitake 40g/day intake level Digestibility of protein was 85.5 +/- 23.8%. Digestibility of fat was 70.0 +/- 90.1%. Digestibility of carbohydrate was 65.8 +/- 13.1%. The ratio of the total available energy to intake energy (Net Energy Availability) was 67.4 +/- 25.9%.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[The evaluation of serum creatine phosphokinase for estimation of energy expenditure in human subjects].

We investigated the relationship between serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity and energy expenditure in young adults and evaluated whether serum CPK activity is a useful index of energy expenditure. These data were obtained from 225 (men: 94, women: 131) healthy young adults. The results of the survey were as follows: In men, there was a statistically significant correlation between serum CPK activity and energy expenditure (r = 0.370; p less than 0.01; y = 1986.0 + 8.2x), energy expenditure/body weight (r = 0.270; p less than 0.01 y = 35.4 + 0.06x) and daily activity index (r = 0.357; p less than 0.01; y = 0.38 + 0.0030x) In women, there was a statistically significant correlation between serum CPK activity and energy expenditure (r = 0.207; p less than 0.05; y = 1895.0 + 3.0x), and daily activity index (r = 0.194; p less than 0.05; y = 0.432 + 0.0017x). The higher the proportion of exercising subjects, the higher was the serum CPK activity. These results suggest that measurement of serum CPK activity can be used to evaluate energy expenditure.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1991

Observation of eye movement with noctovision.

A two-channel new noctovision system is reported. The adoption of a small CCD infrared camera, noctovision has become convenient for clinical use as Frenzel's glass. The composition of system and 7 clinical cases are reported.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Experimental study of the relationship between in vitro binding activity and in vivo tumor accumulation of radiolabeled anti-CEA monoclonal antibodies].

The immunoreactivity and affinity of seven kinds of monoclonal antibody raised against human gastric cancer (MKN-45) secreted carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were determined with the method of cell binding assay in vitro. Tumor localization and biodistribution of radiolabeled antibodies were performed in athymic mice implanted MKN-45 xenografts. Results obtained were as follows: 1) The affinity constant of CEA-specific three antibodies (1A4, 1B2, 4H11) was the same approximately, whereas the immunoreactivity found to be quite different among them. While CEA-nonspecific four antibodies (7D1, 6C7, 2C3, 5H7) showed the much higher affinity constant than that of the former. 2) In an animal model on tumor localization and biodistribution studies, CEA-specific antibodies obtained more highly tumor targeting and cleared more rapidly from the blood and non-tumor organs than CEA-nonspecific antibodies did, so that tumor to nontumor ratios was increased. 3) In this model system it is the immunoreactivity preparation of antibodies that improved tumor targeting and tumor activity retention, on the other side, the affinity constant of antibodies were associated with rapid clearance from the blood and non tumor sites. In conclusion, this studies would also be beneficial for practical use and clinical application of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical significance of serum sialyl Tn antigen in patients with gynecological cancer. STN Study Group].

Serum sialyl Tn antigen was assayed in gynecological cancer and benign patients by means of "STN OTSUKA" kits. Fifty-eight of 140 (41.1%) ovarian cancer patients showed a significant elevation of sialyl Tn antigen in serum above the cut-off level of 45 unit/ml (mean +2SD) determined from normal controls. There was no feature of positive frequency in tissue type, including serious carcinoma (47.6%), mucinous carcinoma (45.5%), clear cell carcinoma (30.4%) and endometrioid carcinoma (55.6%), but the positive frequency of mucinous carcinoma (36.8%) was higher than that of serous carcinoma (11.1%) in stage I. Compared with other markers, sialyl Tn antigen showed a very much lower false-positive rate (3.6%) in benign gynecological diseases. In the diagnosis of ovarian cancers, the combination assay of sialyl Tn antigen and CA 125 increased diagnostic efficiency compared with any other combination assays. Therefore, sialyl Tn antigen will be a useful tumor marker for ovarian cancers.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1990

A newly designed radiation port for medulloblastoma to prevent metastasis to the cribriform plate region.

Nine children with medulloblastoma were treated at Chiba University Hospital from 1977 to 1983. Of these cases, metastases to the cribriform plate region were found in two cases. Portal film showed that cribriform-plate region was not included in a conventional whole-brain radiation port to shield the eyes. Since 1983, we have applied a newly designed radiation port to treat childhood medulloblastoma. The new method consists of two parallel, opposed, lateral ports including the cribriform plate and the first two cervical vertebrae, similar to Pinkel's method. It has been confirmed that this method covers completely the whole brain and is safe for the lens. A characteristic of our method is that the landmark of the lower margin of the radiation port can be easily delineated on the patient's face. We believe that this method contributes to the treatment of medulloblastoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Flow cytometric analysis of cellular DNA content in ovarian cancer.

A total of 169 paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 42 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer were subjected to analysis of cellular DNA content by flow cytometry. Twenty-three cases were found to be homogenously diploid, whereas 19 cases were aneuploid. A "mosaic" type containing both aneuploid and diploid cell populations was found in 11 of 19 aneuploid cases. Clinical features showed significant correlation with tumor ploidy of FIGO stage and bulky disease. In evaluation of the prognostic value of tumor ploidy, "mosaic" tumors were frequently observed in women who died of disease (DOD), whereas women with diploid tumors survived longer than those with "mosaic" tumors. The present results suggest that determination of DNA heterogeneity may be a valuable parameter in the prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer.

DNA↗
PubMed1990

Rapidly absorbed solid oral formulations of ibuprofen using water-soluble gelatin.

Rapidly absorbed oral dosage forms of ibuprofen using water-soluble gelatin (hydrolysate of common gelatin: mean mol. wt: 6000) have been studied and compared with tablets prepared with common gelatin (mean mol. wt: 100,000) and commercial tablets. Spray-dried and speed-kneaded powders, two types of granules and tablets were prepared with water-soluble gelatin. The in-vitro dissolution rates of water-soluble gelatin preparations were significantly faster than those of commercial tablets, whereas the tablets prepared using common gelatin had slower dissolution rates than commercial tablets. Water-soluble gelatin enhanced the dissolution rate of ibuprofen by improving the wettability of the drug particle surface by water, without any interaction in solution and the solid state. The absorption behaviour of various preparations was evaluated in four beagle dogs. The peak concentration time (tmax) of the water-soluble gelatin preparations was significantly shorter than that of tablets prepared with common gelatin and commercial tablets. The maximum concentration (cmax) and the area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUCo-10 h) were similar in all cases. The serum concentration profiles of water-soluble gelatin solid preparations were almost the same as those of the solutions. On the other hand, the profiles of the common gelatin tablets were similar to those of the commercial tablets. The mean absorption time (MAT) from water-soluble gelatin preparations was about 0.7 h, while the MAT from commercial tablets and common gelatin tablets was about 1.2 h. The differences in the MAT of water-soluble gelatin preparations and commercial tablets or common gelatin tablets were the same as the differences in mean dissolution time (MDT) in gastrointestinal fluid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗