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T Miyoshi

Publications and source records attributed to T Miyoshi.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[A study on ceftriaxone in the perinatal period].

Ceftriaxone (CTRX), a new cephem antibiotic with high activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, was investigated pharmacokinetically in 30 mothers in the perinatal period. The obtained results are summarized below. 1. The maximum CTRX level in the maternal serum was 135 micrograms/ml between 20 and 25 minutes after an intravenous administration of 1 g of CTRX. 2. The transfer of CTRX into the umbilical cord serum and the amniotic fluid was very good. CTRX levels in these fluids were about 20% and 10% of the maternal serum level, respectively. 3. No side effect was observed in mothers or neonates. 4. CTRX is a useful antibiotic for perinatal infections.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1987

Protein kinase C phosphorylates tau and induces its functional alterations.

We found that tau, one of the major microtubule-associated proteins, is a good substrate for protein kinase C. The phosphorylation occurred mainly on serine residues and the sites phosphorylated by protein kinase C were largely different from those phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase as analyzed by phosphopeptide mapping. The protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation of tau reduced its abilities to promote tubulin polymerization and to cross-link actin filaments. The reduction in its abilities was in proportion to the number of phosphates incorporated into tau.

Actins↗
PubMed1987

Biological characterization of interleukin-1-like cytokine produced by cultured bone cells from newborn mouse calvaria.

We have investigated the role of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-1-like factor in the regulatory mechanisms of a bone remodeling system. To determine whether the bone cell itself produces IL-1-like cytokine, we examined bone cells cultured from newborn mouse calvaria. Bone cells migrating from fragments of newborn mouse calvaria were used in this study. We also used bone cells obtained by consecutive digestion of the calvaria with enzymes. These bone cells were cultured in fetal calf serum-containing alpha-MEM. IL-1-like cytokine activity was measured by incorporation of [3H]thymidine into C3H/HeJ thymocytes stimulated with PHA. When treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli 0111 B4, the cultured bone cells produced a significant amount of IL-1-like cytokine. The maximum concentration of IL-1-like cytokine was observed in culture supernatants of the bone cells cultured for 24 hours with the LPS in serum-free medium. The IL-1-like cytokine closely resembles IL-1 in some of its biological characteristics: stimulation of mitogen-induced thymocyte proliferation, stimulation of fibroblast proliferation, pyrogenicity, and molecular weight. These results show that cultured bone cells from newborn mouse calvariae produce an IL-1-like cytokine that closely resembles IL-1.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Measuring actual reduction of risk to child abuse: a new approach.

Previous efforts to measure the effectiveness of child abuse prevention programs have relied on proximate measures presumed to be predictive of actual skills. This paper presents documentation that brings those assumptions into question, describes actual observation and measurement of behavioral change in children before and after prevention education, and correlates that behavioral response with more traditional measures of effectiveness. Unique to the evaluation was the staging of an actual situation in which each of the children had an opportunity to leave the school building with a stranger. Each simulation was videotaped and conducted in such a way that the children remained unaware of the fact that they had been tested. In addition, tests of language development, self-esteem and knowledge of prevention and safety concepts were administered before and after participating in the Children Need to Know Personal Safety Training Program [1]. Several findings have significant value for future examinations and programming. The effectiveness of a primary prevention program based on age-appropriate, experiential and interactive instruction was empirically documented. Traditional instrumentation which elicits written or verbal responses to cognitive questions about safety may be misleading in assessing children's vulnerability. Higher self-esteem before instruction and higher knowledge/attitude scores after instruction were found to be predictive of a reduction in vulnerability. While this is a significant series of findings, some children did not achieve the objectives of the prevention program. These results suggest further possibilities for evaluation and some direction for improving prevention education.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Measuring children's retention of skills to resist stranger abduction: use of the simulation technique.

This paper describes an evaluation which builds upon an earlier project to measure actual behavioral change in the form of reduction of vulnerability to abduction and abuse by strangers; change attributable to participation in a primary prevention program. Simulations, life-like scenarios previously described, were used to address three key questions: Did children who had demonstrated mastery of prevention skills acquired six months earlier retain those skills? Would reteaching the prevention program result in mastery for those children who failed to demonstrate required skills after the first presentation of the prevention program? Could the experimental group results of the first project be repeated with the previous control group? Several findings validated the earlier work and enhanced the understanding of what can be accomplished through prevention programing. Thirty of the original 44 children who participated six months earlier were again available to take part in the final simulation. Of those, all of the previous experimental group children who had performed successfully when participating in the simulation upon completion of the first project were again successful six months later in resisting the invitation of a stranger to leave their school. Each of the previous control group children were successful in the final simulation after participation in the program. But reteaching of the prevention program was successful for just two of the four children who had earlier failed following participation in the program. These findings document the immediate and continued benefits which may accrue from experientially based prevention programing and suggest an important research agenda to facilitate the further evolution of prevention programing and evaluation.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Human lymphocyte Fc receptor for IgE: sequence homology of its cloned cDNA with animal lectins.

We have purified the human lymphocyte Fc receptor specific for IgE (Fc epsilon receptor) and its soluble form by using the anti-Fc epsilon receptor monoclonal antibody H107. Using an oligonucleotide probe corresponding to the partial amino acid sequence of the soluble Fc epsilon receptor related to IgE binding factor, we cloned, sequenced, and expressed a cDNA for the receptor. The Fc epsilon receptor has 321 amino acid residues with no NH2-terminal signal sequence. The receptor was separated into two domains by a putative 24-amino acid residue transmembrane region located near the NH2-terminal end. The Fc epsilon receptor showed a marked homology with animal lectins including human and rat asialoglycoprotein receptors, chicken hepatic lectin, and rat mannose binding proteins.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

Spontaneous production of thymocyte-activating factor by human gingival fibroblasts and its autoregulatory effect on their proliferation.

The purpose of this study was to examine whether human gingival fibroblasts produce a cytokine which modulates in immune and inflammatory responses including alterations in connective tissue metabolism in periodontal tissue. We found that a cultured human gingival fibroblast cell line (Gin-1) and freshly isolated human gingival fibroblasts produced thymocyte-activating factor(s), so we called the factor(s) fibroblast-derived thymocyte-activating factor (FTAF). Growth of the producing cell was itself modulated by the factor(s). Gin-1 cells spontaneously produced a significant amount of FTAF in a cell growth-dependent manner. Maximum activity was observed in conditioned medium from stationary-phase cells. The activity in conditioned medium of cultures lacking serum was significantly higher than that in those containing serum. Treatment of Gin-1 cell cultures with cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, markedly inhibited FTAF production. When Gin-1 cells were stimulated by triggering with muramyl dipeptide or sonicated extracts of Bacteroides gingivalis, FTAF production was significantly stimulated. Freshly isolated human gingival fibroblasts from gingival biopsies of healthy donors also produced FTAF which enhanced thymocyte proliferation. Peaks of thymocyte proliferation activity in conditioned medium from Gin-1 cells were observed in fractions having molecular weights of 25,000, 35,000, and 45,000, as determined by Sephadex G-75 column chromatography. The peak fractions (partially purified FTAF) significantly suppressed the proliferation of Gin-1 cells themselves as evaluated by [3H]thymidine uptake. The suppressive effect of partially purified FTAF was, at least partially, mediated by endogenous prostaglandin for the following reasons: addition of indomethacin, and inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, abrogated the suppressive effect; partially purified FTAF stimulated the production of prostaglandin E2 by the cells; and the suppression of cell proliferation was reinforced by addition of exogenous prostaglandins. These observations suggest that gingival fibroblasts play a significant role in regulation of cell growth of lymphocytes and in their own growth under physiological conditions and in pathological states in periodontal connective tissue.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗