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Biomedical subjects

T Miyake

Publications and source records attributed to T Miyake.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Pathophysiology and pathogenesis of acute gastric mucosal lesions after hypothermic restraint stress in rats.

The interrelationships of core body temperature, blood viscosity, gastric mucosal blood flow, surface pH of the corpus mucosa, and acute gastric mucosal lesions in rats after up to 3 h of hypothermic stress were investigated. Three groups of rats were studied: (a) control rats restrained at room temperature, (b) conscious rats under restraint and varying degrees of hypothermia, and (c) anesthetized rats under hypothermia. Under hypothermic stress both restrained and anesthetized rats manifested a sharp decline in core temperature, a marked increase in blood viscosity with a mirror-image decrease in gastric mucosal blood flow, a significant decline in gastric mucosal surface pH, and similar frequencies and severities of acute gastric mucosal lesions. In the control group, neither mucosal lesions nor changes in physiologic measurements were observed, except for a decline in mucosal surface pH. An increase in blood viscosity identical to that in rats subjected to hypothermia was observed in vitro when blood temperature was lowered in the viscometer. These findings indicate that hypothermia but not restraint led to an increase in blood viscosity, which in turn resulted in a decrease in mucosal blood flow and the development of gastric mucosal lesions. Also, hyperacidity was found to be a permissive factor in the pathogenesis of mucosal lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Cerebral blood flow during open-chest cardiac massage with occlusion of the descending aorta in dogs.

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and carotid blood flow (CAF) during open-chest cardiac massage with and without occlusion of the descending aorta was examined in 10 dogs to assess whether they were augmented by occlusion. In control measurements with a normally beating heart, CBF with and without occlusion of the descending aorta were 17.8 +/- 2.3 and 13.8 +/- 2.2 ml/min (+/- S.E.M.), which were not significantly different. Cerebral blood flow during open-chest cardiac massage were 6.1 +/- 1.0 with occlusion and 5.7 +/- 1.0 ml/min without occlusion of the descending aorta, which were also not significantly different. By contrast, CAF increased significantly with occlusion of the descending aorta both during control measurement, with mean increases of 61.1% and 92.2% during open-chest cardiac massage (P = 0.05). While occlusion generally failed to augment CBF; in two dogs resuscitation was successful by manual cardiac massage. With the restoration of cardiac activity it increased immediately to twice that of control blood flow, and then gradually returned to the control level. Based on these observations, it is the author's opinion that every effort should be directed toward the restoration of cardiac activity as quickly as possible during circulatory arrest, and to increase CBF which is essential for neurological recovery.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Synthesis and secretion of human epidermal growth factor by Escherichia coli.

A synthetic gene for human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) was joined to a sequence encoding the signal peptide of Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase. This hybrid gene was placed under the control of the alkaline phosphatase gene (phoA) promoter in a recombinant plasmid, which was used to transfect E. coli. The hybrid protein that was expressed in host cells under conditions of phosphate limitation was processed accurately during the secretion process, and mature hEGF was recovered in the periplasmic fraction. On the other hand, no EGF was detected in the periplasmic space when the synthetic hEGF gene was not accompanied by the phoA signal sequence.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1985

Secretion of human interferon-alpha induced by using secretion vectors containing a promoter and signal sequence of alkaline phosphatase gene of Escherichia coli.

We constructed a new vector containing the promoter and the signal sequence of E. coli phoA gene, the structural gene for the periplasmic alkaline phosphatase. One of the most useful characteristics of this vector is the unique HindIII restriction site located just at the end of the phoA signal sequence. This restriction site was generated by oligonucleotide-directed site-specific mutagenesis without changing the amino acid sequence of the signal peptide. Any kind of foreign structural gene can be easily inserted into the HindIII site by using synthetic oligonucleotides to construct a hybrid gene which has neither an extra sequence nor a deletion between the phoA signal sequence and the foreign structural gene. Human alpha-interferon gene was inserted into this HindIII site. When this hybrid gene was expressed under the control of the phoA promoter region, a low but significant activity was recovered in the cold water wash of the cells after an osmotic shock procedure.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1985

Outward transport of fluorescein from the vitreous in aphakic eyes.

By administering fluorescein intravenously to 95 patients we calculated the ratio of fluorescein concentration in the vitreous at the time of its peak level compared with the estimated unbound concentration of fluorescein in the plasma at the same time. We studied 12 normal phakic and 83 aphakic eye approximately two months, one year, and more than two years after cataract extraction. All the eyes had undergone intracapsular cataract extraction or extracapsular cataract extraction, with or without posterior capsulotomy, because of senile cataract. The calculated ratio in patients with intracapsular and extracapsular lens extraction was statistically significantly reduced at two months and one year after cataract extraction and was normalised at more than two years after the operation in comparison with normal subjects. The ratio was statistically extracapsular extraction at two months and one year after surgery. Posterior capsulotomy had no effect on the ratio. The ratio, we considered, at least partially reflects the outward transport of fluorescein from the vitreous cavity. Although the findings reflect subclinical phenomena, they are of importance when considering postoperative sequelae. The posterior lens capsule, zonule, and intact anterior vitreous face may be essential for the anterior uvea to function in the outward transport of fluorescein from the vitreous cavity.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

A quantitative assay for mouse granulocyte (CFU-g) and macrophage (CFU-m) precursors using plasma clots.

Cytochemical procedures were used to identify and quantitate granulocyte and macrophage precursors from mouse bone marrow cells in plasma clot cultures. Excellent clonal morphology and cellular enzyme activity were obtained when using plasma clots as the support matrix and buffered formalin acetone as the fixative. For cytochemical identification, naphthol AS acetate esterase staining was used for macrophages and peroxidase for granulocytes. These enzyme properties were confirmed by inactivation studies with a variety of inhibitors, group specific chemical modifications, and pinocytotic affinity for horseradish peroxidase. When mouse bone marrow cells (3 X 10(4) cells/dish) were cultured in plasma clots with human placental or L-cell-conditioned medium, 70 to 110 colonies were produced. Both pure granulocyte (CFU-g) and pure macrophage colonies (CFU-m) were observed, but approximately 5% of the total colony number was composed of mixed granulocyte/macrophage colonies (CFU-gm). The number of plated cells correlated strongly with the colony number (0.990 less than r less than 0.999).

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Reconstitution of cell-mediated immunity in severe combined immunodeficiency following fetal liver transplantation.

A male infant X-linked, adenosine deaminase-positive severe combined immunodeficiency underwent partial immunological reconstitution by fetal liver transplantation at twenty months of age. Reconstitution of T lymphocytes was observed from sixteen weeks after transplantation, in the increase of T lymphocytes, positive delayed-type skin reaction and in vitro responsiveness to mitogens and allogeneic cells, sequentially. Chimerism was defined by chromosomal analysis and HLA typing, in which one haplotype seemed to be shared between the donor and the host by chance. However, defective immunoglobulin production has not yet been corrected. The assay on T-B lymphocyte interaction in vitro suggested that the failure might be attributed to an intrinsic defect of B lymphocytes, which were cells of donor origin after transplantation. Three years following transplantation, the patient is free of severe infections, although he requires regular injections of gamma globulin.

B-Lymphocytes↗