Biomedical subjects

T Matsui

Publications and source records attributed to T Matsui.

At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources

PubMed1988

Physiological inducers of the acrosome reaction.

This article reviews recent studies on physiological inducers of the acrosome reaction in starfish. Upon encountering the jelly coat of eggs, starfish sperm undergo the acrosome reaction in response to a cooperation of three jelly components: a sulfated glycoprotein named acrosome reaction-inducing substance (ARIS), a group of steroidal saponins named Co-ARIS, and an oligopeptide presumably having an activity to increase the intracellular pH of sperm. ARIS induces the acrosome reaction in high Ca2+ or high pH sea water. In normal sea water, both ARIS and Co-ARIS are required for the induction. In addition to ARIS and Co-ARIS, a third jelly component, the oligopeptide, is necessary to mimic the full capacity of the jelly coat to induce the acrosome reaction. ARIS and Co-ARIS cooperatively increase the intracellular Ca2+ by stimulating Ca2+ channels, while the oligopeptide increases the intracellular pH by stimulating Na+/H+ exchange systems. When sperm meet the eggs, both changes are simultaneously achieved in them and thus they undergo the acrosome reaction.

Acrosome↗

PubMed1988

Renal growth and progression of reflux nephropathy in children with vesicoureteral reflux.

We analyzed renal growth and development of renal scars in 754 children with primary and 169 with secondary vesicoureteral reflux. The incidence of a small kidney was 15.5 per cent in the primary and 24.1 per cent in the secondary groups. About three-fourths of the small kidneys remained small from the first examination through followup. Catch-up renal growth was only exceptional. New scars or progression of previous scarring was observed in 7.4 and 30 per cent of the primary and secondary groups, respectively. Factors that promote formation of new scars are high grade vesicoureteral reflux, recurrent urinary tract infections and abnormal bladder function that results in high pressure reflux. We emphasized the importance of precise examination of the lower urinary tract. An early antireflux operation should be performed on children with severe reflux or recurrent urinary tract infections.

Child↗

PubMed1988

Cryopreservation of Leucocytozoon caulleryi sporozoites.

Leucocytozoon caulleryi sporozoites that had been stored at -196 degrees C or -80 degrees C for 6 or 12 months in Eagle's minimum essential medium or Medium 199 supplemented with 5% glycerol and 10% chicken serum showed infectivity to chickens. Glycerol at a concentration of 10% and dimethyl sulfoxide at 10% and 5% were found to be ineffective cryoprotective agents for the low temperature preservation of sporozoites. Sporozoites isolated from the intact females of Culicoides arakawae, which had been stored at -80 degrees C for 6 or 12 months without cryoprotective agents, retained their infectivity. No differences were observed in the prepatent period, duration of parasitemia, and presence of serum-soluble antigens between chickens infected with frozen sporozoites and those infected with fresh sporozoites.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Genetic control in the susceptibility of germfree inbred mice to infection by Escherichia coli O115a,c:K(B).

We studied the susceptibility of five germfree inbred strains of mice to oral infection by murine pathogenic Escherichia coli O115a,c:K(B) (MPEC), the causative agent of mouse megaenteron. Although MPEC colonized all strains of mice at 10(9)/g of feces, the mouse strains could be divided into three groups according to their intestinal lesions. In CF1 and C3H/He mice, intestinal lesions were produced in the cecum and colon with hyperplasia of epithelial cells accompanied by severe inflammatory reactions and erosion. The lesions in NC and C57BL/6 mice were restricted to the tip of the cecum, and hyperplasia of epithelial cells was more severe in these mice than in CF1 or C3H/He mice. BALB/c mice had no lesions. Analysis of F1 hybrids of CF1, NC, and BALB/c mice and offsprings from backcrosses of F1 mice to parental strains showed that susceptibility to MPEC seemed to be controlled genetically by a single locus which may be related to the receptors on epithelial cells for MPEC adherence. However, the differences in lesions between CF1 and NC mice suggest that a combination of this locus and another locus to which it may be related regulates the hyperplasia of intestinal epithelial cells.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Comparative studies of commercially available particle agglutination assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for screening of human T-cell leukemia virus type I antibodies in blood donors.

Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) transmission during blood transfusion can be prevented by screening for and eliminating blood containing anti-HTLV-I antibodies. For this purpose, we evaluated two commercial test kits for HTLV-I antibodies, Serodia-ATLA (particle agglutination assay [PA]) and Eitest-ATL (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]), by using serum samples from Japanese blood donors. Of 2,316 serum samples, 39 (1.7%), 34 (1.5%), and 28 (1.2%) were positive for the antibody by PA, ELISA, and immunofluorescence (IF), respectively. The coincidence rate for antibody-positive and antibody-negative results was 99.5% between PA and IF, whereas it was 99.6% between ELISA and IF. The serum samples which were positive by IF were also positive by PA, whereas 2 of 26 IF-positive samples were negative by ELISA. All the samples positive by both PA and ELISA were shown to be positive by IF unequivocally. The samples positive by only one of the two methods (PA or ELISA) were different. Eleven and eight serum samples that were negative by IF but positive by PA and ELISA, respectively, were further studied for HTLV-I antibody by radioimmunoprecipitation. Three of the former but none of the latter were found to be positive for antibody. Moreover, a PA-positive but IF-negative serum sample was shown to have significantly decreased PA titers after 2-mercaptoethanol treatment. The PA was further shown to detect not only IgG antibody but also IgM antibody to HTLV-I after separation of this serum sample by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Agglutination Tests↗

PubMed1988

Surgical repair of varicocele: effective treatment for subfertile men in a controlled study.

We performed a comparative study to evaluate the efficacy of surgical repair of varicoceles in improving fertility. A group of 224 subfertile men with varicoceles was divided into 141 patients who had their varicoceles surgically corrected and 83 who had not. A significant improvement in sperm density and percentage of progressive motile sperm was noted in the corrected group (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.05). Pregnancy rate was also higher in the corrected group (p less than 0.05). From this controlled study we conclude that the repair of a varicocele increases the chance of fertilization.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Preoperative parameters related to the improvement of semen characteristics after surgical repair of varicocele in subfertile men.

To know the parameter related to improvement of each semen characteristic (sperm density and percentage of progressive motile sperm) after high ligation of the left internal spermatic vein, 119 men from infertile couples were investigated. In each individual, the semen characteristic was considered to be different from the postoperative mean value if it was over or below 2 SD of the preoperative mean. Although no relationship was detected with the age of the patient, the duration of infertility or the preoperative semen characteristics, a definite relationship was found between the degree of varicocele and the improvement in each semen characteristic. For improvement of the sperm density, each of the volume and the score count by Johnsen's scale of the affected and unaffected testes and the serum hormone values (LH, FSH and testosterone) showed correlations. Meanwhile, for the improvement of the percentage of progressive motile sperm, correlations were found only with each of the testicular volume on the unaffected side and the serum testosterone level.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Increase in basal pulse rate and blood pressure by the diabetic state in KK-CAy mice, alloxan-mice and streptozotocin-mice.

Basal pulse rate (PR) and systolic blood pressure (BP) in the tail artery of diabetic KK-CAy mice were compared with those of alloxan- or streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic ddY mice. Significantly higher PR and BP were obtained by the above three kinds of diabetic states when compared with the pre-diabetic state (KK-CAy) or the non-diabetic state (ddY mice). The PR and BP alteration in diabetic KK-CAy mice were significantly different from the PR one in alloxan-mice and from the BP one in STZ-mice, respectively. Both increases in PR and BP by the diabetic state suggest an anticholinergic state.

Aging↗

PubMed1988

[Studies on the relation between late dumping syndrome and glucagon responses to glucose].

This study was planned in pursuit of the relation between glucagon responses to glucose and the late dumping syndrome. Clinically, 75 g oral glucose tolerance test to seven late dumpers, ten gastrectomized patients and ten normal subjects were performed. And experimentary, 20 ml 25% glucose was put into small intestinal blind loops prepared in dogs, which were made the jejunum region and then the ileum region. 1. The mean oral glucose tolerance curve in gastrectomized patients was oxyhyperglycemic, and this tendency was seen in late dumpers. But, for only late dumpers, the low blood glucose concentration which was under 50 mg/dl appeared within one and half to three hours after oral glucose load. 2. The change of serum IRI in gastrectomized patients displayed the initial hyperinsulinemia, that was similar in late dumpers. 3. Pancreatic glucagon (GI) levels were within normal limits in normal subjects and late dumpers, but were significantly increased in gastrectomized patients. 4. Enteroglucagon (gutGLI) levels were not so increased in normal subjects, but were significantly increased in gastrectomized patients and late dumpers as well. 5. GutGLI levels were increased only by putting into the ileum loop. But hypersecretion of gutGLI did not affect the blood glucose curve and the change of serum IRI significantly. These results described above suggest that the pathogenesis of the hypoglycemia in the late dumping syndrome may be responsible for no hypersecretion of GI, for some reason, to prevent hypoglycemia against hyperinsulinemia with oxyhyperglycemia, and that gutGLI may not play so important part in the regulation of the blood glucose level.

Aged↗

PubMed1988