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Biomedical subjects

T Mano

Publications and source records attributed to T Mano.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Different responses of muscle sympathetic nerve activity to sustained and rhythmic handgrip exercises.

Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSA) was recorded by microneurographic technique from the human tibial nerve before and during voluntary sustained and rhythmic handgrip exercises. The MSA increased significantly during sustained contractions but not during rhythmic contractions, whereas no differences in resting activity before the two modes of handgrip were seen at rest. The results demonstrate that MSA responses to sustained and rhythmic exercises are distinctly different, showing less sympathetic outflow during rhythmic than during sustained contraction.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1985

Sympathetic nervous adjustments in man to simulated weightlessness induced by water immersion.

To clarify the role of the sympathetic nervous system to adjust the fluid shift under weightlessness, muscle and skin sympathetic activities were recorded microneurographically in human subjects under simulated weightlessness induced by water immersion up to the levels of the knee, the navel, the breast and the neck. The muscle and skin sympathetic activities were reduced in proportion to rise of immersion level up to the neck. These changes of sympathetic activities were almost concomitant with those of simultaneously recorded soleus electromyograms and heart rate. Reductions of the thigh and the leg circumference were also confirmed by strain gauge plethysmogram recorded under the same experimental condition. Based on these findings, it is concluded that the sympathetic nervous system is suppressed under weightlessness simulated by water immersion. This suppression might depend mainly on the activation of intrathoracic low pressure receptors, due to the fluid shift toward the upper part of the body. The suppression of the sympathetic nervous system seems to be important to compensate the fluid shift under weightlessness.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Idiopathic corneal endotheliopathy. A report of two cases.

Two male patients had corneal endotheliopathy of unknown origin. In both patients it was characterized by continuously progressing bullous keratopathy preceded by a line of keratic precipitates resembling a rejection line. The disease was progressive and did not respond to intensive corticosteroid therapy. No virus could be isolated from the aqueous humor, and the aqueous-antibody titers to herpes simplex, varicella zoster, and measles viruses were below detection level.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1985

Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis associated with Evans' syndrome of haemolytic anaemia.

A case of superior sagittal sinus thrombosis associated with Evans' syndrome of immune haemolytic anaemia is reported. The neurological symptoms and signs were headaches, right quadrant hemianopia, dyslexia without agraphia, motor aphasia, numbness in and weakness of the right upper extremity, papilloedema and coma. The cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, involving cerebral veins, superior sagittal sinus and straight sinus, was diagnosed by cerebral angiography. It is noteworthy that the superior sagittal sinus thrombosis occurred during a haematological recovery period, with rapid responses to treatment with 6-mercaptopurine and high doses of adrenocorticosteroids. Following a reduction in the doses of these drugs, the symptoms and signs related to the superior sagittal sinus thrombosis gradually subsided, and the haematological pictures remained in remission.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A quantitative relationship between conceptus number and ovarian steroid dehydrogenase activity in pregnant rats.

The effects of a conceptus-derived substance on the activity of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) and 20 alpha-HSD in the ovary were studied in the rat. On day 7 of pregnancy (day 1 = insemination), rats were laparotomized and the desired number of conceptuses was aspirated from the uterus; thus, rats carrying one, two, three, four, five to seven or eight to ten conceptuses were prepared. They were autopsied on day 15 and 3 beta-HSD and 20 alpha-HSD activity in the corpus luteum (CL) or non-luteal ovarian tissue ( NLO ) was determined. Conceptus number was directly related to 3 beta-HSD and inversely related to 20 alpha-HSD activity in the CL. The serum progesterone level and CL weight were also directly related to conceptus number. Neither 3 beta-HSD nor 20 alpha-HSD activity in the NLO was affected by conceptus number. These results indicated that 3 beta-HSD and 20 alpha-HSD in the CL are probably regulated by placental hormone secreted in proportion to the number of conceptuses; in the NLO these enzymes may be controlled by a different mechanism.

20-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1984

[Immuno-capacity in the patients with trophoblastic tumors].

In patients with trophoblastic tumors, changes in immuno-capacity through their clinical courses were examined, by 1) 3H-thymidine uptake by PHA-stimulated peripheral lymphocytes using whole blood microculture assay (common cellular immunity), and 2) the effects of patients' sera to 3H-thymidine uptake by PHA-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes (humoral factor). Hydatidiform mole: After molar delivery, cellular immunity accelerated, and humoral suppressive factor significantly increased. Invasive mole: No significant change was observed in the cellular immunity, but humoral suppressive factors increased gradually as the therapies proceeded. And the suppressive apex came at about the 60th day of admission, but these factors decreased afterwards. Choriocarcinoma: At initial time, cellular immunity accelerated significantly, and from the 60th day to the 90th day of admission, this cellular immunity declined significantly compared with that in the pretreated state. But cellular immunity was not entirely eliminated by the courses of treatment. The humoral suppressive apex came at about the 120th day of admission. Nevertheless, where death unfortunately occurred, humoral suppressive factors were not so numerous. As a whole, from the viewpoint of immunotherapy in patients with choriocarcinoma, common immunity which was observed in this study did not decline, so that specific immunotherapy must be regarded as likely kept in mind.

Female↗
PubMed1983

Control of placental protein production by retinoic acid in cultured placental cells.

The synthesis of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), the subunit of HCG (HCG alpha), and pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (PS beta G) was studied in temperature sensitive (ts), simian virus 40 (SV40) tsA mutant-transformed human first trimester placental (SPA255-26) cells. Retinoic acid increased the production of HCG and PS beta G but inhibited the production of HCG alpha in these cells. Passage of SPA255-26 placental cells in medium containing retinoic acid induced a stable altered phenotype characterized by elevated levels of HCG and PS beta G and a reduced level of HCG alpha. The retinoic acid induced phenotypic changes in these placental cells were reversible; removal of retinoic acid immediately decreased the production of HCG and PS beta G while increasing the production of HCG alpha. The ratio of HCG to HCG alpha in control SPA255-26 cells was approximately 0.1; this ratio increased to 4.8 in cells maintained in medium containing retinoic acid. Similarly, the HCG-to-HCG alpha ratio increased in choriocarcinoma cells maintained in retinoic acid containing medium. Our data suggest that retinoic acid may be needed to maintain a balanced production of HCG, HCG alpha, and PS beta G in placental cells in vitro. Retinoic acid may also play a role in modulating placental protein production during pregnancy.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1983

The epidemiology of childhood diabetes mellitus in Tokyo metropolitan area.

Prevalence and incidence of IDDM and NIDDM in children in the Tokyo Metropolitan area were estimated using data obtained from a hospital population study, a school population study, urine glucose screening and also from the central registry. The calculated prevalence of diabetes from the data of the central registry in Tokyo was 4 or 6 per 100,000 children. The number of schoolchildren with IDDM was estimated to be about 20 from the data of the school population study performed in a population of about 220,000, giving a prevalence rate of approximately 9.1 per 100,000 schoolchildren. From the data of our hospital population study, the overall annual incidence of IDDM was approximately 3.3 per 100,000 population. It is apparent that the incidence and prevalence of IDDM in Japan are significantly lower than in the United States and European countries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Pituitary responsiveness to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) during pregnancy in the rat.

Effects of LH-RH on serum LH levels were studied during pregnancy in rats. On days 10, 15, 18 or 21 of pregnancy, a catheter was placed at the jugular vein under light ether anesthesia. Sixty minutes after the surgery, LH-RH (1 microgram/300 microliters/300 g body weight) was injected through the catheter without anesthesia. Blood samples were collected through the catheter before, and 15 and 30 minutes after LH-RH injection. Basal serum LH levels were lower on days 15 and 18 than on days 10 and 21 of pregnancy. LH-RH injections caused significant increases in serum LH levels on any days of pregnancy, showing the maximum levels at 15 minutes after injection. The LH response was highest on day 10 and gradually decreased towards day 21. LH responses were significantly lower on days 18 and 21 than on days 10 or 15. These results suggested that the lowering of serum LH levels from days 10 to 15 might be due to the decrease in the responsiveness of the pituitary to LH-RH.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Bacteriological and clinical evaluation of cefoxitin in the treatment of infections in 39 obstetric and gynecological patients].

A total of 39 patients was admitted to the obstetric and gynecological wards of Nagoya University Hospital and the University's 5 related hospitals during the period from July 1981 to March 1982. The efficacy of cefoxitin sodium was evaluated in the 39 patients with a wide variety of obstetric and gynecological infections. The findings are the follows: Of the 39 patients, the responses in 7 were judged "excellent", 28 "good" and 4 "poor" with the clinical efficacy rate of 89.7%. The causative pathogens in 23 of the cases were isolated from clinical materials submitted to the Institute of Anaerobic Bacteriology, School of Medicine, Gifu University. In these 23 cases, it was found that 8 were due to aerobic bacteria only (34.8%), 8 mixed aerobic-anaerobic bacteria (34.8%) and the remaining 6 anaerobic bacteria only (26.1%), i.e. a substantial percentage (60.9%) was due to anaerobic bacteria or mixed aerobic-anaerobic bacteria. Cefoxitin was active against most strains of Bacteroides spp. and was not affected by the inoculum size. On the other hand, most strains of Bacteroides spp. were resistant to cefazolin when the inoculum size was increased from 10(6)/ml to 10(8)/ml. Lincomycin was also found to be active against many fo the strains of Bacteroides spp. Cefoxitin and cefazolin were fairly active against anaerobic bacteria other than Bacteroides spp., while these same bacteria were resistant to sulbenicillin and many of them showed resistance to lincomycin. Cefoxitin was well tolerated and no untoward side effects were observed. The clinical and bacteriological results indicate that cefoxitin is a very effective antibiotic in the treatment of a wide variety of obstetric and gynecological infections and is a suitable choice as initial antibiotic therapy in these conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The abdominal cutaneous reflex circuit in the rat: a spinobulbo-spinal reflex in phenobarbital-anesthetized animals.

A description is given of an abdominal reflex (ACR) in the rat evoked by cutaneous stimulation. Latency of the ACR in response to stimulation of the contralateral hindlimb was 28.5 +/- 3.2 msec. Data from the analysis of discharges in dorsal and ventral roots and from bulbar reticular neurons triggered by ACR stimuli reveal that a spino-bulbo-spinal loop seems to be implicated. This is also supported by the chronic effects of pontile and spinal transections. ACR-concomitant discharges were also recorded in other axial (digastric m. and internal intercostal m.) and proximal limb muscles. The possible spino-bulbo-spinal mechanism of this cutaneous reflex is discussed.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1982

Biosynthesis of alpha-fetoprotein in cultured hepatoma cells.

Pulse and pulse-chase experiments demonstrated that a heterogeneous polypeptide with an apparent Mr = 68,000 was the first intracellular anti-alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-precipitable polypeptide synthesized by rat Mc-A-RH-7777 hepatoma cells. The 68,000-dalton polypeptide may consist of polypeptides with apparent molecular weights ranging from 68,000 to 70,000. It was the precursor of two intracellular anti-AFP-precipitable polypeptides of 69,000 and 73,000 apparent molecular weight. The latter were secreted into the medium without further processing. The anti-AFP-precipitable polypeptides in both cells and medium incorporated [3H]glucosamine, indicating that these polypeptides are at least partially glycosylated. The 68,000-dalton polypeptide in cells was bound mostly to concanavalin A-Sepharose, whereas the 69,000-dalton polypeptide was entirely unbound. The 73,000-dalton polypeptide consisted of concanavalin A-bound and -unbound variants. Tunicamycin completely abolished the uptake of [3H]glucosamine into anti-AFT-precipitable polypeptides in both cells and medium, and the resulting polypeptide of apparent Mr = 66,000 did not bind to concanavalin A-Sepharose. Tunicamycin did not affect the synthesis or secretion of AFP by hepatoma cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Inhibition of synthesis of alpha-fetoprotein by glucocorticoids in cultured hepatoma cells.

alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) synthesis was studied in the presence and absence of glucocorticoids in rat hepatoma Mc-A-RH-7777 cells. Radioimmunoassay of media from cell cultures grown in the presence of glucocorticoid (dexamethasone or cortisol) showed a reduction in AFP, an increase in albumin, and no significant change in transferrin accumulation, as compared to controls. Labeling experiments with L-[35S]methionine indicated that in both cells and media of dexamethasone-treated cultures there was a 50--80% reduction in polypeptide precipitated by anti-AFP serum, as compared with controls; no change was seen in polypeptide precipitated by anti-transferrin serum. Pulse and pulse-chase experiments demonstrated that dexamethasone inhibited the synthesis of AFP but not its secretion. The half-time for secretion of AFP in the presence and absence of dexamethasone was 43 min.

Albumins↗