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Biomedical subjects

T Konno

Publications and source records attributed to T Konno.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Age and sex-associated histomorphometric changes in the ilium].

Histomorphometric changes with age of iliac trabeculae were measured with a semi-automatic image analyser connected to a minicomputer system in 58 orthopaedic patients who underwent iliac bone biopsy and 52 autopsy specimens from individuals who died in accidents. Undecalcified iliac bone samples were examined. Of the nine static parameters measured, trabecular bone specific volume and osteoid seam width decreased with age. Relative osteoid volume and fractional formation surface were higher in males between the ages of 21-40 years than in females. Other parameters showed no age- or sex-related difference. The results indicated that bone loss with age is due to a reduction in number of trabeculae and not of mean thickness of trabeculae.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[The efficacy and limitations of laser surgery in malignant tumors].

Using rats with tumor transplanted into the subcutaneous tissue, tumor resections done with either an ordinary scalpel or a laser scalpel were compared from the viewpoints of tumor recurrence and survival time. It was found that tumor resection using the laser scalpel and laser irradiation of the field after tumor resection were effective in preventing recurrence. With this concept in mind, 286 operations involving laser surgery were performed, including 179 for malignant tumor, most of which were cancers of the liver, esophagus, stomach and colon. Laser surgery for hepatoma and other malignant tumors yielded better results than ordinary surgery. Another experimental study of PDT (photodynamic therapy) for malignant tumor of the parenchymal organs was carried out. The uptake of HpD (hematoporphyrin derivatives) by the liver was as much as 1.5 times that by the digestive tract. The concentration of HpD in the tumor tissue of WKA rats with DAB hepatic tumor was twice that in liver tissue. However, the difference in HpD concentration between the tumor tissue and liver tissue is not large enough for PDT and this point requires further study.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Clinical evaluation of palliative therapy for unresectable primary liver cancer.

Ninety-nine patients with unresectable primary liver cancer were treated with ligation of the hepatic artery (LHA), intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy (IAIC) or transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) between 1960 and 1983. A statistical study was made of therapeutic effects and prognosis. The results are as follows: The mean survival time of 14 patients treated with LHA was about 5 months. The survival time of the LHA + IAIC with mitomycin C group was not prolonged as compared with that of the LHA group, but LHA + IAIC with Adriamycin (doxorubicin) group showed a significant prolongation of survival time over the LHA group. In the LHA + IAIC with Adriamycin group, the mean survival time was 12.8 months and the 1-year survival rate was 37.5%. Factors including age, presence of liver cirrhosis, number of involved segments, and degree of anaplasia graded on Edmondson's criteria did not influence survival time.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Characterization of monoclonal antibodies against human rotavirus hemagglutinin.

Three monoclonal antibodies capable of specifically inhibiting hemagglutination of human rotavirus were produced. Their hemagglutination inhibition (HI) activity was specific to the homologous strain (KUN) used for immunization. The monoclonal antibodies with HI activity were highly effective in neutralizing the infectivity of the KUN strain. These antibodies reacted with Vp80, and 80,000 molecular weight (MW) protein present in the viral outer shell. It was confirmed by immunoblotting assay with the monoclonal antibodies that the antigenic site of human rotavirus hemagglutinin (HA) resides on Vp80 and on its smaller trypsin cleavage products Vp30 (MW 30,000) and Vp24 (MW 24,000). Immunofluorescence studies using the antibodies revealed that the HA antigen of the KUN strain developed at the final stage of virus maturation.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Significance of serum lipoprotein-X and gammaglutamyltranspeptidase in the diagnosis of biliary atresia. A preliminary study in 27 cholestatic young infants.

As simple and nonsurgical means of differentiating biliary atresia (BA) from intrahepatic cholestasis of unknown origin (IC), liver function tests including serum lipoprotein-X (LP-X) and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP) were done and evaluated for their usefulness in the diagnosis of 27 cholestatic Japanese young infants. Except for LP-X and GGTP levels (P less than 0.01, P less than 0.001), there were no significant differences between the BA (n = 11) and IC (n = 13) groups. When values of mean plus 4 standard deviations were used to differentiate BA from IC (89 mg/100 ml for LP-X and 194 IU/l for GGTP), all BA patients gave positive results for either the critical LP-X of GGTP values. On the other hand, all IC patients gave negative results for both levels, although patients with a paucity of intrahepatic biliary ducts (n = 3) were also positive for either the critical LP-X or GGTP values. The combination test with serum LP-X and GGTP is recommended for helping to differentiate BA from IC in cholestatic young infants.

Bile Ducts↗
PubMed1986

Patterns of polypeptide synthesis in human rotavirus infected cells.

Polypeptide analysis of three strains of human rotavirus (KUN, Wa and MO) were conducted using a hypertonic culture which suppressed host protein synthesis and unmasked rotavirus specific protein synthesis. As a result, eleven human rotavirus specific polypeptides (Vp 1--Vp 11) were detected by pulselabeling infected cells with [14C]-leucine. Among the 11 polypeptides, three polypeptides (Vp 7, Vp 10 and Vp 11) underwent post-translational processing, and two (Vp 7 and Vp 10) were glycosylated. Six polypeptides (Vp 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7) were identified as viral structural proteins. Comparisons of three strains of different serotypes revealed that their polypeptide profiles differed from each other in electrophoretic mobility; in particular, profiles of the glycosylated polypeptide, Vp 7, were distinct among the three strains.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Further investigation on the mode of entry of human rotavirus into cells.

Entry of the KUN strain of human rotavirus into MA 104 cells was studied by electron microscopy. Double-shelled rotavirus particles attached to the cell membrane, and in the presence of trypsin their nucleic acids were expelled from the virus core into the cytoplasm through radial spaces between the capsomeres and the cell membrane pores formed after their attachment. This mechanism was considered to be analogous to those of phages.

Biological Transport↗
PubMed1986

Comparative efficacy of broad-spectrum antiviral agents as inhibitors of rotavirus replication in vitro.

Several nucleoside analogues which have previously been established as broad-spectrum antiviral agents, i.e. ribavirin, vidarabine, pyrazofurin, tubercidin, carbodine, (S)-9-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)adenine [(S)-DHPA], carbocyclic 3-deazaadenosine (C-c3 Ado), (RS)-3-adenine-9-yl-2-hydroxypropanoic acid [(RS)-AHPA] isobutyl ester and neplanocin A were compared for their potency and selectivity as inhibitors of human rotavirus (strains Wa, KUN and MO) replication in vitro. As the most efficacious inhibitors emerged (S)-DHPA, C-c3 Ado, (RS)-AHPA isobutyl ester and neplanocin A, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 60, 1.4, 1.2 and 0.2 micrograms/ml, and a selectivity index of greater than 3, 70, 80 and greater than 20, respectively. As has been postulated for their antiviral action in general, these adenosine analogues probably owe their anti-rotavirus activity to inhibition of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, a key enzyme in regulating methylations including those that are required for the maturation of viral mRNA.

Adenine↗
PubMed1986

The effect of trypsin on the growth and infectivity of human rotavirus.

The effect of trypsin on the infectivity of human rotavirus (HRV) was examined using HRV strains that are cultivable only when treated with trypsin. Their infectivity in cell culture systems was enhanced in relation to enzyme concentration. The primary effect of trypsin appeared to be on the virus. Trypsin untreated HRV virions were capable of being adsorbed on the cell (MA104) but not of passing into it without trypsin. For multiple cycles of replication the presence of trypsin in the maintenance medium was required.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1986

Adaptation of a human monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1) in a protein-free chemically defined medium.

We have adapted a human monocytic leukemia cell line [THP-1c12(+)] so that it can proliferate in a completely protein-free chemically defined medium of an equal mixture of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's minimum essential medium and Ham's F12. This cell line was designated as THP-1c12(-). When a sufficient number of THP-1c12(-) cells was seeded in culture, the maximum cell density after 6 days of culture was 1 X 10(6)/ml with a doubling time of 30 hr. Transferrin showed a slight stimulative effect on the growth of THP-1c12(-) cells, but insulin did not. The surface profile of THP-1c12(-) was the same as that of THP-1c12(+), which possessed Mol. Mo5, LeuM3, My9 and Ia-like antigens as well as a large number of Fc receptors. Phagocytic ability with respect to IgG-coated sheep red blood cells was evident in both THP-1c12(+) and THP-1c12(-) cells. A small percentage of THP-1c12(-) cells retained the ability to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium when stimulated with 12-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate. Culture supernatant from THP-1c12(-) stimulated the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into its own cells, suggesting an autocrine mechanism by which the growth of THP-1c12(-) cells is induced in a protein-free medium.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1986

Trimethoprim interference in methotrexate assay by an enzyme inhibition assay kit.

Spurious methotrexate (MTX) concentrations in sera and cerebrospinal fluids from leukemia patients who were given trimethoprim (TMP) were estimated using an MTX assay kit which is based on its inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase. The interference of TMP with MTX was confirmed in the assay system. A concentration of 0.17 microgram/ml of TMP gave a value for an apparent MTX of 10 microM.

Diagnostic Errors↗
PubMed1986

A method for the determination of tritium in environmental water samples by electrolytic enrichment.

In order to determine the tritium concentration in environmental water samples, the electrolytic enrichment was carried out with (St) and without (S) addition of tritiated water of a certain concentration (deuterium-free) to the samples. With the use of the fundamental formulas on electrolytic enrichment, the deuterium concentration (Dit) before electrolysis for an environmental water sample is determined by liquid scintillation counting and densitometry for the sample St. Furthermore, the tritium concentration in the environmental water sample is determined by the above methods for the sample S, and by the substitution of Dit for Di in the formulas. Tritium concentrations in environmental water samples were found to be determined within an accuracy of 10% by this method when Vi/Vf was 14-25. It is considered that this method dispenses with the direct measurement of low deuterium concentrations (Di) before electrolysis, a special technique on the purification of water for densitometry, and moreover, excludes the possibility of cross contamination in the electrolytic enrichment by the spike cell method.

Densitometry↗
PubMed1986

Epidemiology of rotavirus in Guayaquil, Ecuador.

Detection of rotavirus by electron microscopy was conducted with fecal specimens from 1,722 infants and young children with acute diarrhea, during a 41-month survey from April 1978 through December 1981 in Guayaquil, Ecuador; 376 of these specimens (21.8%) were positive. The detection rate was higher during the dry season (May to November; 25.2%) than during the rainy season (December to April; 14.7%). When rotaviruses isolated from 59 patients hospitalized with diarrhea (from April 1979 to July 1981) were subjected to genome RNA analysis by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a single dominant electropherotype was found with other less common electropherotypes. An atypical rotavirus with a unique property was also found.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1986

[Targeting of anticancer chemotherapy utilizing the characteristic nature of the neovasculature of solid tumors].

We have been able to achieve targeting of anticancer treatments using the differences between the neovasculature of solid tumors and the vasculature of normal tissues. The first of these differences was as follows; We discovered that when the lipid contrast medium, Lipiodol, was administered arterially, it remained selectively in the solid tumor for a long time. Using this characteristic nature of Lipiodol, we achieved targeting of anticancer chemotherapy by arterial administration of oily anticancer drugs solubilized in Lipiodol. Remarkable anticancer effects against various malignant solid tumors were observed using this targeting chemotherapy. The second of the above differences, studied by Suzuki, is responsiveness to angiotensin II, in which the blood flow in the tumor can be increased using this vasoconstrictor. With Angiotensin II, a larger volume of oily anticancer drugs could be delivered to the tumor. The third difference is the permeability of the neovasculature to drugs of high molecular weight and the duration that these drugs remain in the extracapillary space. The high-molecular-weight anticancer agent, SMANCS (m.w. 17,000) dissolved in 5% glucose solution, was administered intravenously, and its histological antitumor effects on gastric cancer and esophageal cancer were clearly observed.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1986

[CT image of the liver cancer after administration of SMANCS/lipiodol].

A new type of anticancer agent with an amphiphilic nature, poly (styrene-co-maleic acid)-conjugated neocarzinostatin [SMANCS], was dissolved in the lipid contrast medium Lipiodol [SMANCS/LPD]. This medium was injected intra-arterially and was found to be an invaluable tool for highly sensitive CT image analysis of tumors. Following administration, CT images revealed high-density areas which corresponded to the location and size of liver cancer, the smallest being 4 mm in diameter. The deposition pattern of SMANCS/LPD in liver cancers by CT was classified into 3 types. In type A, Lipiodol was distributed relatively evenly in the tumor lesion, while in type B it was accumulated predominantly around the tumor periphery, the central portion remaining low in density. A for cases exhibited a type C pattern which was a mixture of types A and B. Type A was found essentially in primary liver cancer, and types B and C in secondary liver cancer. Thus, the CT pattern was found to be useful for differential diagnosis. For a sufficient therapeutic effect, 0.08 ml of SMANCS/LPD per cm2 of the maximal CT cross-section of the tumor area was found to be necessary. As a routine protocol after SMANCS/LPD administration, CT scanning was recommended for primary liver cancer initially at one week and then once every month. Secondary liver cancer required more frequent CT follow-ups after administration, on the 3rd day, after one and two weeks, and every month, due to the relatively rapid disappearance of the stain than in primary liver cancer.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic↗