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Biomedical subjects

T Kodama

Publications and source records attributed to T Kodama.

At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Surgical treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic renal failure: reevaluation of indications for parathyroidectomy.

On reviewing the preoperative clinical and laboratory findings and the surgical response seen in our series of 32 patients with renal hyperparathyroidism, the indication for parathyroidectomy was reevaluated. During the 5-year period from 1975 to 1979, parathyroid resection was performed in 9 patients who had various conditions for which surgery had been thought indicated. During the following period from January 1980 to March 1985, parathyroidectomy was carried out on 23 patients all of whom had roentgenologic evidence of generalized fibrous osteitis except for two whose indication for surgery was an elevation of the serum alkaline phosphatase level more than 45 KA units. The resected parathyroid glands had increased to 1 g or more in total weight in all the 25 patients who showed distinct postoperative improvement. Laboratory evidence indicating the presence of generalized fibrous osteitis, such as subperiosteal resorption on phalanx roentgenograms and high serum alkaline phosphatase level, along with marked elevation of the plasma immunoreactive parathyroid hormone level, proved to be a good indicator for medically uncontrollable secondary hyperparathyroidism. Fracture, heterotopic calcification, pruritus or persistent hypercalcemia was not a parameter of severe hyperparathyroidism warranting parathyroid resection, unless there was concomitant evidence of fibrous osteitis. The preoperative use of the recently developed noninvasive techniques for parathyroid localization also proved to be useful in detecting the parathyroid glands large enough to fulfill the requirements for parathyroidectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Clinical and histopathological characteristics of gonadotropin-producing pituitary adenomas.

The clinical and histopathological characteristics in six cases of gonadotropin-producing adenoma are presented. Definitive diagnosis was made by the determination of gonadotropin levels in culture medium. Several authors have reported that gonadotropin-producing adenomas are very rare; however, hormonal assay of adenoma cell culture medium may indicate the real incidence of gonadotropin-producing adenomas to be greater than is thought. In reported cases, practically no endocrinological symptoms have been found suggesting increased gonadotropin levels, and basal values of plasma gonadotropins have been reported as only slightly over the normal range. Gonadotropin-producing adenomas may have been misdiagnosed as nonsecreting adenomas. The clinical characteristics of gonadotropin-producing adenomas can be summarized as follows: 1) a tendency for more rapid growth than nonsecreting adenomas; 2) prominent suprasellar extension with marked enhancement on computerized tomography; and 3) diminished response of luteinizing hormone (LH) alone in response to LH-releasing hormone (LH-RH) stimulation, and the ratio of peak follicle-stimulating hormone to peak LH in the LH-RH stimulation test is more frequently over 1:1 in cases of gonadotropin-producing adenoma than in cases of nonsecreting adenoma and craniopharyngioma. Immunoperoxidase staining revealed two kinds of adenoma cells, one intensely and the other faintly stained. Abundant mitochondria and few secretory granules were characteristic electron microscopic features. Oncocytic transformation of adenoma cells was suggested by immunoperoxidase staining and the electron microscopic appearance, and may suppress the elevation of circulating plasma gonadotropin levels. Thus, hormonal assay of adenoma cell culture medium and immunoperoxidase staining are essential for definitive diagnosis of gonadotropin-producing adenomas.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1985

Large cell carcinoma of the lung--ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies.

Twenty-seven cases of surgically resected large cell carcinoma of the lung including nine cases of giant cell carcinoma were examined ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically. Ultrastructurally, of 18 large cell carcinomas other than giant cell carcinoma eight showed characteristic differentiation toward adenocarcinoma, four toward adenosquamous carcinoma, and one each toward squamous cell carcinoma and neuroendocrine cell carcinoma, but the remaining four were undifferentiated. Six of the nine giant cell carcinomas also showed features of adenocarcinoma, two showed features of squamous cell carcinoma, and one was undifferentiated carcinoma. Immunohistochemically, secretory component (SC) was observed in seven of 14 cases with features of adenocarcinoma and two of four cases with features of adenosquamous carcinoma. Carcinomas with only squamous cell differentiation did not stain for SC. Keratin staining was positive in five of the 14 with features of adenocarcinoma, three of the four cases with features of adenosquamous carcinoma and two of the three cases with features of squamous cell carcinoma. The numbers of tumor cells positive for keratin and/or SC were small. One carcinoma with neurosecretory type granules was stained positively for calcitonin. These findings indicate that many large cell carcinomas showed differentiation toward glandular cells and/or squamous cells, and some did not show any differentiation ultrastructurally or immunohistochemically, indicating that the majority of large cell carcinomas are poorly differentiated form of either adenocarcinomas or squamous cell carcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Stainability of lung cancer cells with Leu-7 and OKT-9 monoclonal antibodies.

One hundred and one cases of lung cancer were immunohistochemically studied for stainability with Leu-7 (anti-myelin fiber associated glycoprotein) and OKT-9 (anti-transferrin receptor) monoclonal antibodies. All small cell carcinomas and carcinoid tumors were positively stained by Leu-7, and 22 of 41 differentiated adenocarcinomas were also positively stained, especially well-differentiated Clara cell-type adenocarcinoma, (11/14 cases). However, only one of 26 squamous cell carcinomas, one of six large cell carcinomas, one of six adenosquamous carcinomas and none of 16 poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas were stained by Leu-7. On the other hand, all squamous cell carcinomas (26/26 cases), 10 of the 16 poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas, four of the six large cell carcinomas showed positive membranous staining with OKT-9. However, only one of 41 differentiated adenocarcinomas and no small cell carcinomas nor carcinoid tumors were stained by OKT-9. The stainability of lung cancer by these antibodies is discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

[Correlation between tumor histology and prognostic factors in lung cancer cases].

The most important prognostic factor is TNM and related stage classification in lung cancer. As there are, nevertheless, many tumor cell types and growth patterns in lung cancer cases, more precise analysis of various morphologic features affecting prognosis are needed based on tumor histology. These include tumor location in squamous cell carcinoma, grades of scarring associated with a tumor, nuclear atypia of tumor cells, frequency of mitoses, immunologic responses of regional lymph nodes and degrees of infiltration of T-zone histiocytes in adenocarcinoma, and tumor cell subtypes in small cell and large cell carcinomas. Evaluating these prognostic factors according to histology at the time of surgery, it is easier to decide whether or not adjuvant therapy is necessary.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Lung cancer in chromate workers--analysis of 11 cases.

We have experienced 11 cases of lung carcinoma in workers at a chromate factory during the past 14 years. All patients were males. The age of onset ranged from 41 to 68 years. Ten of the 11 were heavy smokers. The time of exposure to chromate was from 17 to 29 years and the average was 23.9 years. Seven patients had perforation of their nasal septa. The primary sites of the cancers were from the lobar to the subsegmental bronchi. There were nine squamous cell carcinomas and three small cell carcinomas. Four squamous cell carcinomas were hilar type early stage cancers and two of them were found in one patient at the same time. The chromium content of the lung tissue in the seven patients tested was from 13.9 to 2,368.4 micrograms/g of dry tissue and was higher than that of lung cancer or non-lung cancer cases without chromate exposure. There was no severe dysplasia of the bronchial epithelium in these 11 patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Giant cell carcinomas of the lung producing colony-stimulating factor in vitro and in vivo.

Two culture cell lines (C-Lu65, C-Lu99) were established from human giant cell carcinomas of the lung transplanted in athymic nude mice (BALB/c, nu/nu). During early passage in tissue culture, C-Lu65 grew as a loosely adherent monolayer with some piling-up and with floating cells. After 30 successive subcultures, C-Lu65 began to grow in suspended cell clusters, showing a faster growth rate. C-Lu65 was characterized by multinucleated giant cells with large abnormal nuclei and prominent nucleoli. C-Lu99 grew as adherent cells, and fewer multinucleated giant cells were observed. C-Lu65 and C-Lu99 showed some ultrastructural differences in cell surface and cytoplasmic features. Chromosomal analysis revealed numerical and structural abnormalities in both cell lines. Cell-free supernatants from both cell lines stimulated the colony formation of mouse bone marrow cells in vitro. In addition, mice bearing tumors induced by transplanting C-Lu65 and C-Lu99 showed remarkable leukocytosis without evidence of infection. These results suggest that these two cell lines release colony-stimulating factor both in vitro and in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Normotriglyceridemic abetalipoproteinemia in infancy: an isolated apolipoprotein B-100 deficiency.

The plasma lipoproteins of a 1-year-old Japanese infant were studied because of malnutrition, severe decrease in plasma lipid level, and acanthocytosis. Plasma lipoprotein analysis revealed that low-density lipoproteins were deficient; however, low levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins were found in the plasma. On sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, apoprotein B-48 and a faint band corresponding to apoprotein B-100 were detected in the lipoprotein fraction of density less than 1.006 g/mL when the infant was 6 months old. Apoprotein B-48 was more clearly detected after 1 year, but the band corresponding to apoprotein B-100 on the sodium dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis had disappeared. The apoprotein B-48 content of the fraction with density less than 1.006 g/mL was about 0.05 to 0.3 mg/dL. The patient's lipoproteins consisted mainly of high-density lipoproteins. These results suggest that the disorder in this patient is caused by apoprotein B-100 deficiency.

Abetalipoproteinemia↗
PubMed1985

[Two cases of early squamous cell carcinoma of the hilar region of the lung cured by bronchofiberscopic excision].

We experienced two patients with early squamous cell carcinoma at the hilar region of the lung. The carcinoma were completely eliminated by tumor biopsy using a bronchofiberscope. In both cases, there was either pulmonary tuberculosis or a second primary lung cancer (bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma) on the contralateral side. After bronchoscopic excision of the tumor, the patients were closely observed using by repeat bronchoscopy at 5 to 6 week intervals. One patient is free of recurrence at 4.5 years after treatment and is deemed to be cured. The other patient died of recurrence and metastasis from a second primary bronchioloalveolar carcinoma at 1 year and 5 months after treatment, however he had no recurrence of the squamous cell carcinoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Second primary cancers in patients with gastrointestinal cancers.

The occurrence of multiple primary malignant neoplasms in 9,191 consecutive cases of primary gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancer from 1962 to 1981 at the National Cancer Center was analyzed. The person-years of the cases totaled 28,399.4: 185 second cancers were diagnosed clinically and 85 were first diagnosed at autopsy. The overall frequency was 2.01% for clinically recognizable cancers and 2.94% including those discovered at autopsy. The overall observed/expected ratio was 0.96 for clinical cancers and 1.33 including autopsy cases. However, a significant association between the first and second cancers was present in the oro-pharynx and esophagus; esophagus, stomach and colon; stomach and all other parts of the GI tract; and the colon and rectum. The mode of appearance was also analyzed to clarify the organ relationship.

Age Factors↗