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T Kodama

Publications and source records attributed to T Kodama.

At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[General pharmacology of T-2588, a new oral cephem antibiotic].

A new oral cephem antibiotic, T-2588, the pivaloyloxymethyl ester of (+)-(6R, 7R)-7-[(Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]-3- [(5-methyl-2H-tetrazol-2-yl)methyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2. 0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid (T-2525), is mainly absorbed from the intestinal tract and biotransformed to T-2525 thereafter. General pharmacological activities of T-2588 were studied and following results were obtained. On the central nervous system, T-2588 did not show any effects at oral doses of 500-2,000 mg/kg and T-2525 produced only a slight elevation of body temperature in rabbits without any other effects at an intravenous dose of 500 mg/kg. On the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, T-2525 caused a slight hypotension and increased both respiratory rate and femoral blood flow, but no changes were observed in heart rate and electrocardiogram in dogs at an intravenous dose of 500 mg/kg. The T-2525 exerted no significant influence on blood pressure response to isoproterenol, acetylcholine or histamine, but showed a slight tendency to decrease pressor response to adrenaline in dogs at intravenous doses of 100-500 mg/kg. For the renal function in rats, T-2588 had no effects on urine volume, electrolytes and PSP excretion at oral doses of 500-2,000 mg/kg. Intravenous administration of T-2525 caused an increase of sodium excretion at 500 mg/kg and dose-dependent increases of PSP excretion at 20-500 mg/kg. Hematological studies revealed that both T-2588 at oral doses of 500-2,000 mg/kg and T-2525 at intravenous doses of 100-500 mg/kg had no effects on bleeding time in mice, blood coagulation and platelet aggregation in rats. The T-2588 exerted no effect on the gastrointestinal system in rats or mice and had no antiinflammatory activity in rats at oral doses of 500-2,000 mg/kg. The T-2525 scarcely affected the motilities of isolated smooth muscle preparations in experimental animals including stomach, ileum, colon, uterus, vas deferens and trachea at a concentration as high as 10(-3) g/ml. The T-2525 increased bile secretion in rats at intravenous doses of 100-500 mg/kg. The T-2525 slightly decreased the twitch tension of musculus gastrocnemius induced by electrical stimulation in rats at an intravenous dose of 500 mg/kg. These results indicate that T-2588 is a pharmacologically inactive antibiotic.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Aggressive surgical approach for locally invasive papillary carcinoma of the thyroid in patients over forty-five years of age.

Aggressive radical resection was performed on 18 of 21 elderly patients with locally invasive-papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Diagnostic studies, including computed tomographic and endoscopic examinations, were useful in allowing accurate determination of tumor extent. Radical resection usually consisted of total or subtotal thyroidectomy and neck dissection combined with excision of the affected organs, which in one case included a laryngotracheoesophagectomy (reconstruction of the digestive tract with a forearm free flap), a sleeve, or a window resection of the trachea in nine cases (immediate end-to-end anastomosis in all but one), a partial esophagectomy in two cases, and resection of the outer layer of the trachea or esophagus in six cases. After these operations, one patient died of rupture of the carotid artery, one died of cancer in 4 years, and one other died of unrelated disease. The other 15 patients are alive and well 1 to 5 years postoperatively, although additional exploration for nodal metastases was required in three patients. Aggressive resection therefore appears to be justified for control of locally advanced, differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

T-zone histiocytes in adenocarcinoma of the lung in relation to postoperative prognosis.

Infiltration of T-zone histiocytes (Langerhans' cells and their precursors) and macrophages was investigated by immunohistochemical methods with the use of anti-S100 protein and anti-lysozyme antibodies in 40 Stage Ia cases of adenocarcinoma of the lung. Varying population densities of S100+ T-zone histiocytes were demonstrated in 31 (77.5%) of 40 adenocarcinomas; however, lysozyme+ macrophages were found in almost equal quantities in all cases of adenocarcinoma. The distribution of T-zone histiocytes was clearly different from that of macrophages. Namely, the former was mainly interspersed among the tumor cells, whereas macrophages were found in the stroma and around necrotic foci. The prognosis of Stage Ia adenocarcinoma cases was related to the density of T-zone histiocytes in tumor tissues. Patients with marked infiltration of T-zone histiocytes survived longer than those without or with only slight infiltration (P less than 0.05). Such relationship was not observed with regard to macrophages. This indicates that T-zone histiocytes infiltrating within the tumor and regional lymph nodes may play a role in host defense mechanisms against tumor in the early stage of adenocarcinoma of the lung.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

A case of gastric carcinoma associated with excessive granulocytosis. Production of a colony-stimulating factor by the tumor.

A patient with gastric carcinoma exhibited an excessive granulocytosis (58,000/microliter) preoperatively, in the absence of overt infection. After resection of the primary tumor, the peripheral leukocyte count decreased promptly to the normal value. In a search for a colony-stimulating factor (CSF), the tumor was transplanted into nude mice. A marked neutrophilia was observed in the tumor-bearing mice, suggesting the production of CSF by the tumor. Media conditioned by the primary culture of the tumor cells revealed the presence of CSF activity as well. CSF-producing carcinomas have been detected in various organs; nevertheless, no cases of gastric carcinoma have hitherto been described. It is of particular interest that in this patient hypercalcemia was not observed, although it often accompanied CSF-producing tumors reported previously. Therefore, it is suggested that this tumor secreted pure CSF and that the CSF produced by the tumor did not necessarily induce hypercalcemia.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

S-100 protein-positive Langerhans cells in various human lung cancers, especially in peripheral adenocarcinomas.

The appearance of S-100 protein-positive Langerhans cells was studied in 90 cases of various lung cancers by an immunohistochemical method. S-100 protein-positive dendritic cells were frequently observed in many adenocarcinomas, especially in those subclassified as bronchiolar cell or type II alveolar cell type. However, no S-100 protein-positive cells were found in "goblet cell type" adenocarcinoma. In some cases of squamous cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma, these dendritic cells were also observed though they were fewer in number. In all cases of small cell carcinoma, however, S-100 protein-positive dendritic cells were rare. Electron microscopic study of two adenocarcinomas clearly demonstrated many Birbeck granules in the cytoplasm of S-100 protein-positive dendritic cells and confirmed that S-100 protein-positive cells in lung cancer were identical with Langerhans cells.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase activities in human lung tissues: comparison between normal lung and lung carcinomas.

We measured the activity of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase with L-dihydroxyphenylalanine as a substrate (DOPA decarboxylase) in normal lung tissues and lung tumors obtained fresh at surgery. The activity in control human lung tissues was low and variable: 3.50 +/- 0.42 pmole/min/mg protein (n = 56, mean +/- SE, range 0.01-15), indicating the wide individual variations. Most of small cell carcinoma specimens showed very high activity, as compared with both control lung tissues and with other types of non-SCC lung cancers. Similar results were also obtained in the athymic mice heterotransplants of SCC. High activity was also observed using 5-L-hydroxytryptophan as a substrate (5-HTP decarboxylase) in nine SCC samples. Serotonin was not detected in any control lung tissues, but was detected in all the nine SCC samples, but dopamine was detected only in three out of nine SCC samples.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

A rare case of Aicardi syndrome with severe brain malformation and hepatoblastoma.

A 2-month-old Japanese girl exhibited tonic seizure, agenesis of the corpus callosum, lacunar chorioretinopathy, vertebral anomalies, electroencephalographic abnormalities and a malignant tumor. Autopsy revealed a hepatoblastoma and severe brain malformations consisting of callosal agenesis, arhinencephaly, marked polymicrogyria and optic nerve anomalies. It was thought that the pathogenic factor in this case may exert its effect during the fourth or fifth week of intrauterine life, and then may continue until the beginning of neuronal migration (about 3 months). This is the first reported case of Aicardi syndrome associated with hepatoblastoma, and may provide a link between teratogenicity and oncogenicity.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1985

Gastroduodenal cytomegalovirus infection after renal transplantation. Fiberscopic observations.

Recently we experienced 2 adult post-renal transplantation cases with gastroduodenal cytomegalic inclusion body. In one case, it was possible to carry out close endoscopic observation from onset to resolution a - very rare opportunity. A 39-year-old man developed continuous occult blood in the stool for 1 month after renal transplantation. Multiple erosive lesions from the upper corpus of the stomach to the bulb of the duodenum were revealed by the endoscopic study. A biopsy specimen from the erosion showed the cytomegalic inclusion body. One month later, the erosive lesions had disappeared. The second case is a 40-year-old man who developed tarry stools 5 days after renal transplantation. Multiple erosions partially covered with blood coagula from the upper portion of the gastric corpus to the antrum were revealed by the endoscopic examination. A biopsy specimen from the erosion in the antrum contained the cytomegalic inclusion body.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Glutathione depletion and oxidative stress: study with perfused bovine eye.

A bovine eye perfusion system was developed for detoxification studies. The viability of the system was examined by two criteria: the permeability of the aqueous-blood barrier to protein, and the turnover of aqueous humor formation. Although the usefulness of the system for physiological studies is limited, the bovine eye perfusion system proved to be useful for biochemical studies of detoxification. When the system was perfused with t-butyl hydroperoxide plus the glutathione reductase inhibitor nitrofurantoin, glutathione levels of the ciliary body and iris were markedly reduced. The result was interpreted to suggest that glutathione and its redox cycling may play an important role in cellular defense against oxidative stress.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Early hilar-type squamous cell carcinoma of the lung resected by bronchofiberscopy surviving 5 years.

We record a case of early squamous cell carcinoma located in the hilar region of the lung, which was completely resected by multiple tumor biopsies through the bronchofiberscope. In this case, there was concomitant contralateral pulmonary tuberculosis which was treated by right upper lobe lobectomy. The patient had a long history of smoking and had worked for 27 years in a factory that used chromate. Bronchoscopically, there were no abnormal findings in the visible branches of the right bronchial tree, but an early stage squamous cell carcinoma lesion was found at the bifurcation of left B8 and B9+10 bronchi. After bronchofiberscopic excision of the tumor, the patient was closely followed-up by repeated bronchoscopy at intervals of 4 weeks to 6 months. The patient is currently free of recurrence 5 years and 3 months following the initial bronchoscopic excision and is judged to have been cured.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Pharmacological study on the effects of some ocular hypotensive drugs on aqueous humor formation in the arterially perfused enucleated rabbit eye.

The effects of pilocarpine, isoproterenol, epinephrine, timolol, acetazolamide, ouabain, and dinitrophenol on aqueous humor production were investigated in enucleated rabbit eye. The metabolic inhibitors ouabain and dinitrophenol at a concentration of 10(-5) M produced a 50% inhibition in aqueous humor formation. Acetazolamide at the same concentration was without effect, but at 10(-4) M concentration lowered aqueous production by 40%. The autonomic drugs epinephrine and isoproteranol at a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml medium reduced aqueous humor formation by 64 and 52% respectively. Timolol, even at a concentration of 0.05 microgram/ml, suppressed aqueous humor formation by approximately 30%. Pilocarpine on the other hand was ineffective. Except for pilocarpine, these responses are similar to those reported to occur in the cat both in vivo and in vitro.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1985

Dynamics of ascorbate in the aqueous humor and tissues surrounding ocular chambers.

The level of ascorbate in the aqueous humor and surrounding intraocular structures in enucleated arterially perfused rabbit eye was investigated. The enucleated eye preparation was shown to be capable of secreting ascorbate from the perfusate into the aqueous humor. Ascorbate in the iris, ciliary body and cornea was released into the aqueous humor when the eye was perfused with ascorbate-free solution. Failure to obtain aqueous flow rates from the decay of ascorbate in the anterior chamber was due to the contribution of ascorbate from these ocular tissues during the perfusion. Histochemically, ascorbate was localized in the pigmented epithelial layer in the valleys between the ciliary processes and the pars plana of the ciliary body and in the iris. In the cornea, distinct localization of ascorbate was observed in the endothelium and basal cell layer of the epithelium.

Animals↗