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Biomedical subjects

T Kodama

Publications and source records attributed to T Kodama.

At least 829 records · Page 46Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Multiple sclerosing hemangiomas of the lung.

A case of multiple "sclerosing hemangiomas" of the lung is reported. A 48-year-old housewife had several coin lesions in the right lower lung field, which were detected in a mass survey examination. There were no definite symptoms or signs except for hemoptysis. The resected right lower lobe of the lung contained innumerable lesions varying in size from microscopic to 3.7 cm in diameter, all of which were diagnosed as "sclerosing hemangioma." Although larger nodules revealed hemorrhagic, solid, papillary, and sclerotic features, smaller lesions, particularly minute ones, tended to be composed only of epithelial cells arranged in papillary patterns and so-called pale cells in solid areas, both of which are suggested to be main components of sclerosing hemangioma. Some lesions were associated with tumorlet or adenomatous hyperplasia (or adenoma) probably of the type 2 epithelial cell. It is not certain from this case study whether the lesions were multicentric in origin or intralobar metastases from one primary lesion. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful, and there is no evidence of recurrence 2 years after surgery.

Female↗
PubMed1986

An immunohistochemical study of thymic epithelial tumors. II. Lymphoid component.

The cellular composition and characteristics of lymphocytes and histiocytes in nine cases of thymoma and one case of squamous cell carcinoma of the thymus were studied immunohistochemically, using a panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Nine cases of thymoma were subclassified into seven cases of mixed type and one case each of predominantly lymphocytic type and predominantly epithelial type. Two metastatic tumors and one recurrent tumor were included. Almost all the lymphocytes in the mixed type and lymphocytic type categories, either in primary site or metastasis, were T lymphocytes which showed the immature thymic lymphocyte-phenotype of the normal thymic cortex. On the other hand, the one epithelial thymoma contained many mature T lymphocytes along with immature T cells, as in the normal thymic medulla. In thymic squamous cell carcinoma, all infiltrating T lymphocytes were mature T lymphocytes. These findings suggest that epithelial cells of thymomas have an intimate relationship with the coexisting lymphocytes and retain functional properties of the normal thymic epithelial counterpart. On the other hand, the specific function of thymic epithelial cells is no longer maintained in thymic squamous cell carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Inflammatory fibroid polyp of the stomach.

Fourteen cases of inflammatory fibroid polyp of the stomach were studied in terms of immunohistochemistry and ultrastructure. They occurred as polypoid lesions in the antrum, except for two found in the body of the stomach. Out of the 14 cases, two were found to be multiple and the remainder solitary. In all but one lesion, the mucosal layer was involved and six lesions were entirely localized within the mucosal layer, suggesting that inflammatory fibroid polyps of the stomach originate in the mucosal layer. Neither S100 protein, factor VIII-related antigen, alpha 1-antitrypsin nor lysozymes were found in the cytoplasm of the proliferating cells. The ultrastructures of the proliferating cells were fibroblastic rather than neurogenic, angiogenic, or myofibroblastic. These findings suggest that the cells are fibroblasts, though the possibility that they are facultative fibroblasts remains. An interesting observation made with electron microscope was the infection of micro-organisms similar to mycoplasma. This seems to deserve further investigation as a possible etiologic factor of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Microbial oxidation of hydrocarbons and related compounds by whole-cell suspensions of the methane-oxidizing bacterium h-2.

Previously, a thermophilic obligate methane-oxidizing bacterium, H-2 (type I), was isolated in our laboratory. H-2 is a new type of methylotroph because of the G+C content of DNA; it uses both the ribulose monophosphate pathway and the serine pathway for carbon assimilation and possesses a new quinone. In addition, we found that resting cell suspensions of H-2 had the ability to oxidize a variety of compounds different from the other methane-oxidizing bacteria as follows. (i) C(1) to C(8)n-alkanes are hydroxylated and further oxidized, yielding mixtures of the corresponding alcohols, aldehydes, acids, and ketones. Liquid alkanes are transformed through a different oxidative pathway from that of gaseous ones. (ii) Both gaseous (C(2) to C(4)) and liquid (C(5), C(6)) n-alkenes are oxidized to their corresponding 1,2-epoxides. (iii) Liquid monochloro and dichloro n-alkanes (C(5), C(6)) are oxidized, yielding their corresponding acids or haloacids. (iv) Diethyl ether is oxidized to acetic acid; no ethanol and acetaldehyde are detected. (v) Cyclic and aromatic compounds are also oxidized. (vi) Secondary alcohols (C(3) to C(10)) are oxidized to their corresponding methyl ketones.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1986

Further data supporting episodic degenerative discharge of thyroid hormone from nodular goiters.

To elucidate the features of thyroid hormone secretion under conditions of impaired circulation, blood samples were withdrawn at operation from thyroid and peripheral veins of 23 patients with thyroidal and non-thyroidal diseases. They were taken from the respective veins simultaneously, when the arterial supply to the thyroid tissue was partially occluded by surgical manipulation. It was found that triiodothyronine was preferentially, as compared with thyroxine, secreted from the thyroid, irrespective of the disease. Serum levels of thyroglobulin were also markedly elevated in the thyroid vein. These results suggest that episodic degenerative discharge of thyroid hormone from nodular goiters may be a cause of impaired or blunted TSH response to TRH, frequently observed in patients with common nontoxic nodular goiters.

Goiter, Nodular↗
PubMed1986

Properties of progestin-binding protein in benign hypertrophic human prostate.

RU 27987 is a new ligand for progesterone receptor and binds in high affinity to nuclei of target tissues of progesterone. Using this compound, progestin-binding components in the benign hypertrophic human prostate were studied, and compared with those examined with R 5020, a conventional ligand, in the study of progesterone receptor. In cytosols, the binding affinity of RU 27987 was higher than that of R 5020, and the number of maximum binding sites for RU 27987 seemed to be large but correlated well with those of R 5020. The binder for RU 27987 sedimented at 8.6 S, and the binding was specific to progestational steroids, indicating that binding properties of this binder in the cytosols are identical to those for R 5020. Although there was no binding with R 5020 in the nuclear extract, a small amount of specific binding with RU 27987 was detected. However, the cytosol bound with RU 27987 was not retained in DNA Sepharose and no specific binder for RU 27987 in the nuclear extract was observed in a sucrose density gradient centrifugation. From these observations, it was assumed that the nuclear binding observed was attributable to contamination of the cytosolic binder. The results obtained in the present study suggest that the progestin-binding component in the benign prostatic hypertrophy is not the progesterone receptor but a high affinity binder for progestins whose physiological role is not clear at present.

Alpha-Globulins↗
PubMed1986

[Regional cerebral blood flow measurement in brain tumors].

The regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) was determined on seventeen patients with brain tumors. Ring type single photon emission CT (SPECT) was used following intravenous injection of 133Xe. Case materials included eleven meningiomas and six malignant gliomas. Evaluation was performed with emphasis on the following points; Correlation of the flow data within tumors to the angiographic tumor stains, Influence of tumors on the cerebral blood flow of the normal brain tissue, Correlation between degree of peripheral edema and the flow data of the affected hemispheres. There was significant correlation between flow data within tumors and angiographic tumor stains in meningiomas. Influence of tumors on cerebral blood flow of the normal tissue was greater in meningiomas than in gliomas. There was negative correlation between the degree of peripheral edema and the flow data of the affected hemisphere. It has been concluded that the measurement of CBF in brain tumors is a valuable method in evaluation of brain tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A case of pneumocytoma (so-called sclerosing hemangioma) with lymph node metastasis.

A case of "sclerosing hemangioma" (pneumocytoma) of the lung with lymph node metastasis is reported. A 22-year-old Japanese man was found to have a well-defined round lesion in the right lung (S7), which increased in size slightly during a 2-year follow-up period. He underwent right lower lobectomy with a preoperative diagnosis of a benign lung tumor. The pulmonary tumor revealed histological features characteristic of "sclerosing hemangioma" of the lung, in addition to which there were many large polygonal foamy cells, forming tubular or papillary structures. These cells were found by electron microscopy to contain numerous cytoplasmic lamellar bodies and showed a positive reaction with anti-surfactant apoprotein antibody immunohistochemically. Therefore, they were considered to be cells differentiating toward type II pneumocytes. Review of 21 typical "sclerosing hemangiomas" disclosed a few or some such foamy cells in 10 cases. A single hilar lymph node was the site of microscopic metastases, which consisted of "large clear foamy cells" and smaller polygonal or round cells with slightly eosinophilic cytoplasm, both of which were components of the pulmonary "sclerosing hemangioma." This case supports the theory that "sclerosing hemangioma" is a neoplasm of type II pneumocyte lineage. Although it is said to be benign, rare cases apparently show metastatic potential.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Pathological variability and cancer treatment in lung cancer].

It is well known that the biological behavior of lung cancer varies according to histological type and growth pattern. Therefore, more precise analysis of various morphologic features affecting prognosis are needed based on tumor histology. Lung cancer is mainly classified into 4 major histological types; squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma. Recently lung cancer has been subclassified into small cell carcinoma and non-small cell carcinoma on the basis of responsiveness to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. In small cell carcinoma, combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy is the main modality for treatment, and the most important prognostic factor is LD and ED stage classification. Even so, a new histological classification is proposed according to the responsiveness to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. On the other hand, surgical therapy is the first choice for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer and the most important prognostic factor is TNM and related stage classification. In squamous cell carcinoma, moreover, extended resection is sometimes tried because of its local invasiveness. Early lung cancer of hilar type is mostly squamous cell carcinoma and highly curative by resection. The biological behavior of adenocarcinoma is the most variable among lung cancers. In the histopathological study of surgically resected cases, moreover, histological differentiation, nuclear atypia of tumor cells, mitotic frequency, grades of scarring associated with a tumor, and degrees of infiltration of T-zone histiocytes is closely related to prognosis. Scoring of these factors may help a clinician to reach a decision on the necessity and type of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, particularly in cases of Stage I adenocarcinoma. Most cases of large cell carcinoma including giant cell carcinoma ultrastructurally reveal features of differentiation toward adenocarcinoma and/or squamous cell carcinoma. Giant cell carcinoma shows the most unfavorable prognosis because of its rapid growth. However, among operable cases of giant cell carcinoma, some long-term survivors do exist. Evaluating these forms of biological behavior according to tumor histology at the time of treatment, it is easier to decide whether or not adjuvant therapy is necessary.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Justification of conservative surgical treatment of childhood thyroid cancer: report of eleven cases and analysis of Japanese literature.

Eleven thyroid carcinoma patients of 15 years old and under are reported. They represent only 1.3% of our personal series of 861 thyroid carcinoma cases. One case died from undifferentiated carcinoma of the thyroid. However, the other 10 cases of papillary or follicular carcinoma are all alive, in spite of the apparently advanced stage of the disease at the time of operation in most of the cases. From our experience and analysis of 127 cases of childhood thyroid cancer reported in the Japanese literature, it is suggested that childhood thyroid cancer constitutes an extreme case of thyroid cancer occurring in the adolescent and young adult periods, and that rather conservative surgical treatment, avoiding total laryngectomy, and preserving the recurrent laryngeal nerve and the parathyroid glands as far as possible, usually suffices for treatment. In these Japanese cases, radiation did not appear to have been an important causative factor of childhood thyroid cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

[The usefulness of CT in the preoperative diagnosis of metastatic lung nodules--a study with resected cases].

The reliability of the preoperative CT diagnosis was studied in patients with pulmonary metastases from osteosarcoma and colorectal cancer as compared with surgical and pathological findings. Seventy-six lesions among 111 surgically proven metastatic nodules were detected preoperatively by CT. But the predictive rate varied greatly depending upon the site and size of the lesions. CT is not so useful in subpleural and apical sites or with nodules of less than 0.2 cm in diameter.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

Diagnosis of diffuse hepatocellular diseases using SPECT.

In the scintigraphic diagnosis of diffuse hepatocellular diseases, increased splenic uptake of colloids and splenomegaly are helpful signs. To quantify these patterns, the volume and activity of liver and spleen were measured by using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The spleen-to-liver (S/L) ratios in volume and activity that were calculated from SPECT images were estimated in normal individuals and in patients with diffuse hepatocellular diseases. The maximum normal limits of S/L ratios of volume, activity, and activity/volume were predicted as 0.19, 0.087, and 0.72 (mean +/- 2 s.d.). Twenty-two of twenty-three patients (96%) with liver cirrhosis had at least two elevated S/L ratios, and three elevated S/L ratios could clearly differentiate the patient with liver cirrhosis from normal individuals. On the other hand, only six patients (32%) with chronic hepatitis had elevation of any S/L ratio. Abnormal S/L ratios of activity/volume in the range from 0.72 to 1.05 were not obvious on planar or SPECT images.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1986

[Properties of the rectosigmoid mucosa--histopathological studies on the autopsied colorectum].

Twenty cases of the entire course of the large intestine were obtained from autopsy materials within four hours after death and examined histologically. The autolytic changes were found to be minimal and the mucosal architecture was fairly well preserved in our studies. The morphometric analysis showed that the glandular lengths in the rectosigmoid colon were greater than those of the other parts of the large intestine. Cystic dilatations of the glands were most frequently observed in the distal colon, and tended to occur in the vicinity of neoplastic changes. These results indicate that the hyperplastic changes of the glands, occasionally with cystic dilatations, are important as the background for the development of neoplastic diseases in the large intestine.

Adult↗