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Biomedical subjects

T Kawashima

Publications and source records attributed to T Kawashima.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Senile type atopic dermatitis].

Twenty-five patients older than 50 years with atopic dermatitis (AD) diagnosed by the criteria of Tokyo Medical College were investigated on the basis of clinical course and features, IgE RIST, skin reactions, IgE RAST score to several antigens, and IgG4 levels in order to clarify the character of senile AD. The results were compared with the data from younger patients. It was found that the senile type AD showed various type of eczematous lesions whose onset was in the fourth decade of life, and higher IgE RIST and IgG4 levels than healthy people, but lower than younger AD patients. Immediate skin reactions to dermatophagoides and house dust were highly positive in the senile group like the younger group, while the reaction to spices was more highly positive (43%) than in younger persons. Clinically the recognition of the existence of senile type AD and the introduction of antiallergic therapy for severe eczema of old persons are important.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Recombinant and native human urinary colony-stimulating factor directly augments granulocytic and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor production of human peripheral blood monocytes.

Colony-stimulating factor from human urine (CSF-HU) has been purified to a homogeneous protein, and its complementary DNA (cDNA) has been cloned. Recombinant CSF-HU was prepared from a serum-free medium conditioned by Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with the cDNA and purified by the same method as that for the native protein. Purified CSF-HU stimulated human bone marrow cells to form macrophage colonies. It also stimulated human mature monocytes prepared from peripheral blood of healthy volunteers to produce human active colony-stimulating activity that stimulates human bone marrow cells to form granulocyte and macrophage colonies. This activity was partially neutralized by the addition of both polyclonal antibodies against human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and against human granulocyte-macrophage CSF, respectively. The stimulation of monocytes by CSF-HU was not inhibited by the addition of polymyxin-B, which is known as a potent inhibitor of endotoxin. On the other hand, CSF-HU did not stimulate monocyte production of interleukin-1 and interferon. These results indicate that recombinant and native CSF-HU stimulates immature cells as well as mature cells in the human monocyte lineage.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1988

A new model of counterion condensation in polyelectrolyte solutions. III. Theoretical predictions of competitive condensation between counterions of different valences.

Our model has been extended for theoretical estimation of competitive condensation of counterions of different valences onto polyelectrolytes in solution. The estimations are compared with those obtained from Manning theory and with experimental data on counterion activity coefficients. The agreement with the data for sodium polystyrenesulfonate/MgCl2, CaCl2 is satisfactory.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

Immunopharmacological studies on TBX, a new antiallergic drug (1). Inhibitory effects on passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats and guinea pigs.

The effects of 9-methyl-3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-4H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one potassium salt (TBX), a new antiallergic drug, on passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) mediated by homologous IgE or IgG antibody were investigated in rats and guinea pigs. TBX (i.v. and p.o.) clearly inhibited IgE- and IgGa-mediated homologous PCAs in rats, without showing any inhibition of the skin reactions caused by histamine, serotonin and bradykinin in contrast to the inhibition of prostaglandin E1-induced skin reaction. Neither adrenalectomy nor propranolol treatment modified TBX's inhibition of the former PCA. With regard to tachyphylaxis to TBX, it was demonstrable in IgE-mediated homologous PCA in rats when they were pretreated with TBX (0.5 mg/kg, i.v.), followed 60 min later by a second dose of the drug (0.05 mg/kg, i.v.). There was no cross-tachyphylaxis between disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) and TBX. Homologous PCA caused by guinea pig IgE was also inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion by i.v. and p.o. administrations of TBX, although higher doses of TBX were needed to inhibit guinea pig PCA than the rat one. Interestingly, TBX showed more potent inhibition of both rat and guinea pig homologous PCAs than DSCG or tranilast. The results obtained indicate that TBX is an orally effective antiallergic agent displaying no antagonistic actions on the chemical mediators released.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The effect of high calcium and/or high protein diet on bone growth in growing rats kept at high ambient temperature.

The effects of high calcium and/or high protein diet on bone growth were examined in growing rats kept at high ambient temperature. Thirty-five Wistar strain male rats aged 45 days were divided into 5 groups; room temperature, 24 degrees C and a normal diet (CN), 34 degrees C and a normal diet (HN), 34 degrees C and a high calcium diet (HCa), 34 degrees C and a high protein diet (HPr), and, 34 degrees C and a high calcium-protein diet (HCaPr). The animals were given the same amount of feed. On day 35 of experiment, blood and femurs were collected from all rats. Physical traits, calcium and phosphorus contents of right femur were measured. The number of chondrocyte and the thickness of epiphyseal growth plate were measured in distal epiphysis of left femur. Alkaline phosphatase activities and protein contents were measured in the homogenate of proximal epiphysis and diaphysis of left femur. Ultrafiltrable calcium concentrations and total concentrations of calcium and phosphorus were measured in serum. None of the treatments significantly affected the elongation and densities of calcium and phosphorus in femur. The bone growth in width was reduced at high ambient temperature and high protein diet furthermore reduced the bone growth in width at high ambient temperature. Total calcium and phosphorus concentrations were lower in serum at high ambient temperature. Total calcium concentration in serum was increased by high calcium diet and decreased by high protein diet in hot environment, while ultrafiltrable calcium concentration in serum tended to be higher at high temperature.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1988

[Synthesis of carbon-14 labeled 1-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-4-(2,3,4-trimethoxybenzyl)piperazine dihydrochloride (14C-KB-2796)].

Benzyl-14C-1-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-4-(2,3,4-trimethoxybenzyl) piperazine dihydrochloride (14C-KB-2796), a new cerebral vasodilator, was synthesized in order to investigate the metabolic fate. The synthesis of carboxy-14C-2,3,4-trimethoxybenzoic acid (IV) was accomplished by the reaction of 2,3,4-trimethoxybromobenzene (II) with ter-butyllithium followed by carboxylation with 14C-carbon dioxide generated from 14C-barium carbonate. Formyl-14C-2,3,4-trimethoxybenzaldehyde (VI) was prepared by the reduction of the methyl ester of IV. The free base of 14C-KB-2796 was obtained by the condensation of VI with bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl-piperazine, and converted to I. An overall radiochemical yield from 14C-barium carbonate was 39%, the specific activity was 1,816.7 MBq/mmol (49.1 mCi/mmol) and its radiochemical purity was 99% in reverse isotope dilution analysis and thin layer chromatographic method.

Carbon Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1988

[A case of pheochromocytoma of the urinary bladder].

A case of pheochromocytoma of the urinary bladder is reported. A 17-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of gross hematuria and urinary retention on Nov. 10, 1985. There was no history of hypertension. Intravenous pyelography and cystogram demonstrated a filling defect in the bladder. Transabdominal sonography disclosed a solid mass in the anterior wall and bladder neck. Cystoscopic examination revealed a non-papillary and broad based tumor in the anterior wall and bladder neck. Partial resection of the bladder wall was performed under the diagnosis of bladder tumor. The histological diagnosis was pheochromocytoma of the urinary bladder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Quantitation and identification of human monocytic colony-stimulating factor in human serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system for the quantitation of human monocytic colony-stimulating factor (hM-CSF) was established, which was based on the "dual antibody immunometric sandwich" principle using horse and rabbit polyvalent antibodies against human urinary colony-stimulating factor (CSF-HU). The minimal detectable level of hM-CSF was 10 U/mL, and the assays showed good reproducibility. As measured by this method, the average serum hM-CSF level of 20 normal adults was 540 +/- 110 U/mL (range, 300 to 800 U/mL). The peak of hM-CSF measured by ELISA was identical to that measured by bioassay when semipurified CSF-HU was fractionated by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This method detected two types of hM-CSF, which had approximate molecular weights of 85 Kd (CSF-HU) and 45 Kd in human serum and urine; the ratio of 85:45 Kd was very high in serum and the amounts of the two types were nearly equal in urine. After anticancer chemotherapy, the serum hM-CSF level of one half of the patients with hematological malignancy was elevated according to the reduction in neutrophil number, while it was almost in the normal range in the other half of the patients, indicating the possibility that anticancer chemotherapy damaged the hM-CSF-producing cells. This ELISA method may be useful for monitoring the serum hM-CSF level after anticancer chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Efficacy of sultamicillin fine granules in pyoderma, particularly in impetigo contagiosa].

Sultamicillin fine granules were administered orally to 21 patients with impetigo contagiosa and 1 patient with erysipelas, and its clinical efficacy and safety were assessed. The dosage was 10-30 mg/kg daily. Clinical efficacies of impetigo contagiosa were "excellent" in 20 cases and "fair" in 1 case, with an overall efficacy rate of 95%. The result of treatment in erysipelas was "good". Out of 19 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from foci, 17 strains had high beta-lactamase activities. In these 17 strains, sensitivity to the drug was 2-32-fold higher than to ampicillin, and in 14 out of these 17 strains 4-8-fold higher sensitivity was noted. As side effects, mild diarrhea was seen in 2 patients, but those recovered spontaneously in 3-4 days without particular treatment.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

Retention properties of internal-surface reversed-phase silica packing and recovery of drugs from human plasma.

The properties of internal-surface reversed-phase silica packings developed for use in high-performance liquid chromatography, were investigated with regard to the effects of mobile phase conditions (pH, ionic strength, nature and concentration of organic modifiers, ion-pairing agent and surfactant) on the retention of some selected compounds having different polarities. The results indicated that pi-electron interactions play the main role in solute retention, although it is weaker than that on phenylsilica supports, and that weak cation-exchange properties exert a secondary effect on the retention of ionic solutes. The ion-pairing effect was found to be markedly weakened in mobile phases containing an anionic counter ion. In contrast, the addition of a surfactant (SDS) caused a marked increase in the retention of certain drugs at low pH and expanded the pH range of the mobile phase applicable to plasma samples. Based on these findings, the separation and recovery of several drugs (probenecid, lidocaine, cefpiramide and cefaclor) from human plasma were investigated, with emphasis on their protein bindings. The contour chromatogram of human plasma is also demonstrated in relation to the selection of the detection wavelength.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1987

Identification of 5-S-cysteinyldopa by high performance liquid chromatography in biopsies from patients with dysplastic melanocytic nevi.

The appearance of 5-[(L)-S-cysteinyl]dopa, a major product in pheomelanogenesis was examined in affected and nonaffected skins from 20 patients with clinical signs of dysplastic melanocytic nevi. Analysis by high performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection showed that 20 of the 35 lesions had a pathological formation of 5-[(L)-S-cysteinyl]dopa (0.04-28.86 ng/micrograms acid soluble protein). 5-[(L)-S-cysteinyl]dopa was not detected in any of the normal uninvolved skin samples analyzed.

Biopsy↗