Biomedical subjects

T Kawashima

Publications and source records attributed to T Kawashima.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

Development of skill of children in the performance of the family computer game "Super Mario Brothers".

The development of skill of children in the performance of a family computer game (Super Mario Brothers) was investigated among three groups of different age: kindergarten children (6 years old) and primary school children (9 and 12 years old). The skill to perform the game with either hand was evaluated by the mean scores gained by the children. In the normal (right and dominant) situation, the mean score improved significantly with advancement of age. Similar was true in the reversed (left hand dominant) situation, but more distinctly. The mean scores were significantly higher in the normal than in the reversed situations. The experienced children were superior to the inexperienced children in playing the game. The correlation between the reaction time and the game score was also investigated with the same subjects for the 9- and 12-year-old school children. Almost no correlation could be elucidated.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1991

[Epidemiological study on the risk of gastric cancer in patients with duodenal ulcer].

Patients who were diagnosed to have duodenal ulcer (DU) or duodenal ulcer scar (DUS) by gastric mass screening with X-Ray examination from April 1970 to Dec. 1983 were followed up to Dec. 1983 by means of record linkage to the Osaka Cancer Registry, and incident patients of gastric cancer (GC) among the study subjects during the follow-up period were investigated almost completely. Standardized incidence rates (SIR) of GC for the groups categorized by diagnosis at the initial screening, i.e., DU or DUS group and normal group, were calculated by comparing the number of GC among the study groups with the expected number of GC. This expected number was obtained by multiplying the person-year of the study subjects with GC incidence rates for the whole population of Osaka prefecture according to sex and age group. SIR were calculated by sub-groups, i.e., male and female groups, under 5 year follow-up (from the initial screening to GC diagnosis) and 5 year follow-up or over groups, and direct X-Ray examination at the detection center and indirect X-Ray examination in the screening bus groups. The results were as follows. The SIR were 0.41 for the DU or DUS group and 0.74 for the normal group. The risk for the DU or DUS group was lower than that for the normal group (R.R. = 0.55, chi 2 = 3.56, 0.1 greater than p greater than 0.05). In all subgroups, the risk of GC for each DU or DUS group was lower than that for the normal group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1991

[Clinical evaluation of ciprofloxacin in pulmonary infections in the patients with chronic respiratory diseases].

The clinical efficacy of ciprofloxacin (CPFX) was investigated in pulmonary infections in patients with chronic respiratory diseases. Out of 58 cases collected, 54 were evaluable for utility of CPFX including 20 with pneumonia, 34 with chronic bronchial infection. CPFX was given orally at 200 mg 3 times per day. In 20 cases of pneumonia, the mean age was 62.0 years underlying diseases were chronic bronchitis 9, bronchiectasis 6, inactive pulmonary tuberculosis 4, and diffuse panbronchiolitis 1. The efficacy rate of CPFX in this group was 90.0%. In 34 cases of chronic bronchial infection, the mean age was 59.8 years, underlying diseases included bronchiectasis 10, chronic bronchitis 8, inactive pulmonary tuberculosis 7, diffuse panbronchiolitis 5, and pulmonary emphysema 4. The efficacy rate of CPFX in this group was 70.6%. The overall efficacy rate in the entire cases was 77.8%, and we consider CPFX to be effective in the treatment of patients with chronic respiratory diseases.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Selective inhibition by lasalocid of hydrolysis of the ADP-insensitive phosphoenzyme in the catalytic cycle of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2(+)-ATPase.

The effect of a carboxylic ionophore (lasalocid) on the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2(+)-ATPase was investigated. The purified enzyme was preincubated with lasalocid in the presence of Ca2+ and the absence of K+ at pH 7.0 and 0 degrees C for 2 h. The Ca2(+)-dependent ATPase activity was strongly inhibited by this preincubation, whereas the activity of the contaminant Mg2(+)-ATPase was unaffected. The steady-state level of the phosphoenzyme (EP) intermediate remained constant over the wide range of lasalocid concentrations. The Ca2(+)-induced enzyme activation was unaffected. The kinetics of phosphorylation of the Ca2(+)-activated enzyme by ATP as well as the rate of conversion of ADP-sensitive EP to ADP-insensitive EP were also unaffected. Accumulation of ADP-insensitive EP was greatly enhanced, and almost all of the EP accumulating at steady state was ADP-insensitive. Hydrolysis of ADP-insensitive EP was strongly inhibited. A similar strong inhibition of the Ca2(+)-dependent ATPase activity by lasalocid was found with sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. To examine the effect of lasalocid on the conformational change in each reaction step, the Ca2(+)-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles was labeled with a fluorescent probe (N-iodoacetyl-N'-(5-sulfo-1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine) without a loss of catalytic activity and then preincubated with lasalocid as described above. The conformational changes involved in hydrolysis of ADP-insensitive EP and in the reversal of this hydrolysis were appreciably retarded by lasalocid. The conformational changes involved in other reaction steps were unaffected. These results demonstrate that hydrolysis of ADP-insensitive EP in the catalytic cycle of this enzyme is selectively inhibited by lasalocid.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗

PubMed1990

A potent antibacterial protein in royal jelly. Purification and determination of the primary structure of royalisin.

A new potent antibacterial protein, for which we propose the name royalisin, was found in royal jelly of the honeybee Apis mellifera L. and purified to homogeneity for the first time by acid extraction, gel filtration, and reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography. The primary structure of royalisin was determined to consist of 51 residues, with three intramolecular disulfide linkages, having a calculated molecular mass of 5523 Da. Royalisin is an amphipathic protein, with the C-terminal half of the molecule being rich in charged amino acids; and it showed extensive sequence homology to two other antibacterial proteins, sapecin from embryonic Sarcophaga peregrina cells and phormicins from Phormia terranovae larvae. Royalisin was found to have potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria at low concentrations, but not against Gram-negative bacteria. Royalisin may be involved in a defense system active against bacterial invasion of the honeybee.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1990

Estimation of validity of mass screening program for gastric cancer in Osaka, Japan.

To assess the validity of mass screening tests for gastric cancer conducted with three types of radiographic techniques, i.e., photofluorography by a mirror camera, photofluorography by an image intensifier, and direct radiography, 105,122 persons who underwent a total of 272,667 screening tests during 1970 through 1982 were followed through December 31, 1983 by means of a record linkage to the Osaka Cancer Registry, Osaka, Japan. The results of 1 year's follow-up from screening were defined as the gold standard and test performance values were calculated. Sensitivity of screening with photofluorography by a mirror camera, photofluorography by an image intensifier, and direct radiography was 90%, 89%, and 91%, and specificity was 86%, 92%, and 91%, respectively. The receiver operating characteristics curve for screening with photofluorography by an image intensifier resembled that for direct radiography and these two curves were located somewhat to the left of the curve for screening with photofluorography by a mirror camera. The authors conclude that the validity of screening with photofluorography by an image intensifier is almost equivalent to that of screening with direct radiography and both are superior to that of screening with photofluorography by a mirror camera.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Immunohistological detection of proliferating cells in normal and psoriatic epidermis using Ki-67 monoclonal antibody.

Ki-67 monoclonal antibody (mAb) has been suggested to react only with proliferating cells. In order to study epidermal proliferating cells, immunohistological staining was performed with Ki-67 on 14 skin specimens from normal subjects and 30 from patients suffering from psoriasis. Staining of nuclei by Ki-67 was clearly observed in the epidermis. In normal epidermis, Ki-67+ cells were sparse in the basal layer (L1) and next upper layer (L2), while in psoriatic epidermis, they were abundant in L1, L2 and a few layers above L2. The percentage of positive cells in L1 of normal and psoriatic skin were 4.5 and 54%, respectively. Double staining (Ki-67 and S phase stain using bromodeoxyuridine) was also performed, and the results showed that: 1) the distribution patterns of Ki-67+ cells and those of S phase cells were similar in every section examined; 2) Ki-67 stained almost all S phase cells, and 3) Ki-67 also recognized considerable numbers of non-S phase cells. Therefore our data indicate that Ki-67 can detect a certain population of epidermal proliferating cells that includes S phase cells. Although it remains unclear whether all the proliferating cells in the epidermis can be detected by this mAb, we suggest that Ki-67 staining is an easy and useful technique for evaluating the proliferative activity of the epidermis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Sustained-release nifedipine (nifedipine-L) suppresses plasma thromboxane B2 and 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha in both young male smokers and nonsmokers.

Sustained-release nifedipine (nifedipine-L) (40 mg twice a day) was administered orally to healthy young adult male smokers and nonsmokers for 10 days, and its effects on platelet aggregation, beta-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4 levels, and plasma thromboxane B2 (TxB2) and 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha (6-Keto-PGF1 alpha) concentrations were studied. The plasma nifedipine-L concentration in smokers (46.0 +/- 7.4 ng/ml) was significantly lower than that in nonsmokers (88.2 +/- 1.2 ng/ml). Nifedipine-L did not affect platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate, collagen, or epinephrine in either smokers or nonsmokers. The plasma beta-thromboglobulin level on the tenth day of nifedipine-L administration in nonsmokers was lower than that in smokers, but there were no significant differences either with or without nifedipine-L or between nonsmokers and smokers. Nifedipine-L had no effect on the concentration of platelet factor 4 in either smokers or nonsmokers. On the other hand, nifedipine-L significantly decreased the plasma TxB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha concentrations in both smokers and nonsmokers. Thus we concluded that nifedipine-L suppressed the production of plasma TxB2 from platelets and also subsequently suppressed the production of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and that this action was not affected by cigarette smoking.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗

PubMed1990

Brain dynein (MAP1C) localizes on both anterogradely and retrogradely transported membranous organelles in vivo.

Brain dynein is a microtubule-activated ATPase considered to be a candidate to function as a molecular motor to transport membranous organelles retrogradely in the axon. To determine whether brain dynein really binds to retrogradely transported organelles in vivo and how it is transported to the nerve terminals, we studied the localization of brain dynein in axons after the ligation of peripheral nerves by light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry using affinity-purified anti-brain dynein antibodies. Different classes of organelles preferentially accumulated at the regions proximal and distal to the ligated part. Interestingly, brain dynein accumulated both at the regions proximal and distal to the ligation sites and localized not only on retrogradely transported membranous organelles but also on anterogradely transported ones. This is the first evidence to show that brain dynein associates with retrogradely transported organelles in vivo and that brain dynein is transported to the nerve terminal by fast flow. This also suggests that there may be some mechanism that activates brain dynein only for retrograde transport.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗

PubMed1990

Enhancement of the antibody-dependent tumoricidal activity of human monocytes by human monocytic colony-stimulating factor.

Human monocytic colony-stimulating factor (hM-CSF) stimulates mature cells as well as progenitor cells of human monocyte lineage. In the present study, we investigated the effect of completely purified native hM-CSF on the tumoricidal activity of human monocytes against Raji (Burkitt lymphoma-derived cell line) using a chromium release assay. Preincubation of human peripheral blood monocytes with hM-CSF for 48 h markedly enhanced their antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). This enhancing effect was dependent on the concentration of hM-CSF, and maximal enhancement was achieved at the concentration of 66 ng/ml. The number of receptor sites on monocytes against the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G increased 2- to 4-fold during 48 h incubation with hM-CSF. These results suggest that hM-CSF stimulates monocyte-ADCC by increasing the number of Fc receptor sites on human monocytes.

Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity↗

PubMed1990

Effect of human macrophage colony-stimulating factor on granulopoiesis and survival in bone-marrow-transplanted mice.

Human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hM-CSF) has been isolated from normal human urine and purified to a homogeneous protein. The effect of hM-CSF on granulopoiesis was investigated in BALB/c mice transplanted with a suboptimal number of bone marrow cells. Lethally irradiated (7.8 Gy) mice were transplanted with 1 x 10(6) syngeneic mouse bone marrow cells and treated with a daily intraperitoneal dose of 64 micrograms/kg of hM-CSF for 5 days following the transplant. The hM-CSF injection resulted in stimulation of the recovery of blood neutrophils as well as an increase in the number of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-GM) in the femur and spleen. The survival of lethally irradiated mice was dependent on the cell number transplanted; most mice transplanted with 2 x 10(4) cells died within 2 weeks. The recovery of hematopoiesis in mice transplanted with 2 x 10(4) cells was modestly but significantly stimulated by hM-CSF administration initiated from 5 days before or 1 day after transplantation for a 5-day period. Furthermore, the hM-CSF administrations markedly reduced the mortality in these mice during the early period after the transplantation. Since anaerobic bacteria were frequently detected in arterial blood immediately before the deaths but were not found in the surviving mice, it is speculated that early deaths occurring within 2 weeks after the transplant may be caused by opportunistic infections, and hM-CSF injection may prevent these mortal infections through its stimulating effect on monocyte-macrophage functions that are responsible for the production of hematopoietic regulators.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

[Clinical effect of NY-198 (lomefloxacin) for sexually transmitted disease--bacteriological effect of U. urealyticum].

We studied the efficacy of NY-198 (Lomefloxacin), a new quinolone derivatives, in the 46 cases of non-gonorrhoeae urethritis. NY-198 was mainly administered in doses of 600 mg three times a day for 7-14 days. The clinical and bacteriological effects of N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis were already reported from many other authors, so we mainly summarized the cases of U. urealyticum. The 21 cases of isolated U. urealyticum, 19 cases of C. trachomatis and 2 cases of N. gonorrhoeae were all eradicated after this treatment. We concluded that NY-198 was a very useful drug for sexually transmitted disease.

4-Quinolones↗

PubMed1990

Chronic arterial occlusion with PGE1-resistant skin lesions treated by glycosaminoglycan compound--case reports.

The authors report on 2 patients with chronic arterial occlusion in whom the intravenous administration of the glycosaminoglycan compound FPFD 101 was markedly effective. One patient suffered from thromboembolic episodes of the left hand, and the other had peripheral circulatory impairment related to collagen disease. In these patients, the oral administration of anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents in combination with intravenous infusion of prostaglandin E1 was not adequately effective. However, the addition of intravenous injection of FPFD 101 resulted in a marked improvement in their symptoms. FPFD 101, which has an anticoagulant effect and also inhibits platelet aggregation, seems to be useful for the treatment and prevention of chronic arterial occlusion when combined with drugs such as anticoagulants, antiplatelet agents, and vasodilators.

Alprostadil↗

PubMed1990

Determination of the antiplatelet agent. KB-3022, and its metabolite by high-performance liquid chromatography.

A rapid, accurate and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of a new antiplatelet agent, ethyl 2-[4,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)thiazol-2-yl]pyrrol-1-ylacetate (KB-3022), and its main metabolite, 2-[4,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)thiazol-2-yl]pyrrol-1-ylacetic acid (desethyl KB-3022), in biological fluids has been developed. KB-3022 and desethyl KB-3022 in plasma or urine were extracted with a mixture of n-hexane and dichloromethane (1:1), separated on a reversed-phase C18 column with a mixture of 0.01 M (NH4)2HPO4 (pH 3.0), acetonitrile and isopropyl alcohol as a mobile phase, and quantitated by ultraviolet absorbance measurement at 340 nm. 4-[2-(4,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)thiazol-2-yl)pyrrol-1-yl]butyric acid was used as an internal standard. The detection limit of KB-3022 in plasma was 3 ng/ml, and that of KB-3022 in urine and desethyl KB-3022 in plasma or urine was 1 ng/ml. The coefficients of variation for the determination of KB-3022 or desethyl KB-3022 in plasma or urine were below 5.6%. This method was applied to the determination of the plasma concentration of KB-3022 and desethyl KB-3022 after intravenous administration to rats.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

[In vitro metabolism of an antiallergic agent, emedastine difumarate, in rats and guinea pigs].

In order to clarify the interspecies differences in the metabolism of emedastine difumarate (KG-2413), in vitro metabolism was studied with liver preparations of rats and guinea pigs. The activities of hydroxylase, N-oxidase and N-demethylase, of emedastine were evaluated with liver 9000 x g supernatant and microsomes. As the results, the orders of activities were as follows; 5-hydroxylase greater than or equal to N-oxidase greater than 6-hydroxylase greater than N-demethylase in rats, and N-oxidase much greater than N-demethylase greater than 6-hydroxylase greater than 5-hydroxylase in guinea pigs. Emedastine N-oxide, little excreted into the urine of rats, was largely formed in vitro, so it was assumed that N-oxide reduction was important in vivo. The reductase activity of emedastine N-oxide was evaluated, and compared with N-oxidase activity of emedastine. In rats, the reductase activity was nearly equal to the N-oxidase activity, and relatively high even under aerobic conditions. On the other hand, in guinea pigs, the reductase activity was lower than the N-oxidase activity. It was considered that relative activities of the N-oxidation of tertiary amine in a 1,4-diazepine ring of emedastine and the reduction of N-oxide once formed were one of the factors of interspecies differences of metabolism of emedastine in rats and guinea pigs.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Effects of a high protein diet on bone formation and calcium metabolism in rats.

The effects of a high protein diet on bone formation and calcium (Ca) metabolism were evaluated in rats using an ectopic endochondral bone induction model. A control diet (18% casein) or a high protein diet (18% casein + 20% lactalbumin) was given to 50-day-old rats. Ten days after the feeding of the experimental diet, rats were intramuscularly implanted with demineralized bone powder (day 0). On day 14 and day 21, the implanted bone powder was harvested, and blood and urine samples were also obtained. Urinary Ca excretion was not increased on day 12-14; however, it was elevated on day 19-21 in rats fed the high protein diet compared with rats fed the control diet. The high protein diet remarkably stimulated urinary sulfate excretion in both sampling periods, which reflected dietary sulfur-containing amino acids contents. Also, rats fed the high protein diet exhibited a decrease in serum Ca concentrations. There was little difference in Ca contents and the activities of alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase in the implants between control group and high protein diet group on day 14 and day 21. Histological examination in the implanted demineralized bone powder on day 14 indicated only cartilage in rats fed the high protein diet in contrast to the occurrences of osteogenesis and remodeling in those fed the control diet. Retarded bone formation in rats fed the high protein diet might be owing to, in part at least, a restricted amount of Ca utilized at the stage of cartilage calcification.

Acid Phosphatase↗

PubMed1990

[Sweet's syndrome in patient with refractory anemia during recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor therapy].

We present a patient with refractory anemia (RA) who developed Sweet's syndrome during the treatment of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF). A 30-year-old man was admitted to the hospital for evaluation of anemia. He was diagnosed as MDS (RA). As a phase II study in MDS, rhG-CSF therapy was begun. Fever associated with cutaneous lesion developed over the left shoulder. Antibiotics showed no effects. Skin biopsy revealed Sweet's syndrome. This skin lesion disappeared thoroughly with discontinuance of G-CSF and administration of prednisolone. To examine whether Sweet's syndrome was related to the G-CSF therapy, we analyzed the effect of G-CSF on the function of patient's neutrophils. However, the function of patient's neutrophils was not activated by G-CSF administration.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Detection of papilloma virus of the human uterine cervix by in situ hybridization method--comparison with immunohistochemistry].

The usual methods for pathological diagnosis of HPV infection of the uterine cervix include screening in cytodiagnosis and histodiagnosis and confirmation by immunohistochemistry (IHC) method. However, some institutes have recently begun to use in situ hybridization (ISH) method for definitive diagnosis using a DNA probe. We compared IHC with ISH with regards to the localization and rate of detection of HPV in lesions of the uterine cervix such as dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma in the present study. The cases found positive by IHC showed brownish nuclei of the epithelium and those positive in ISH showed purple to purplish-black nuclei. The comparison of cases positive by both methods revealed that the number of cells positive by IHC was smaller than that by ISH, and the cells positive by IHC were localized in the superficial layer. HPV was detected by the IHC various lesions of the uterine cervix in 13 (12.3%) of 106 patients, while it was detected by the ISH in 39 (36.8%) of 106 patients. The results of both methods were in accordance in 66.0% (77 patients; positively in 8 and negatively in 62). The detection sensitivity of IHC is lower than that of ISH. IHC cannot be used to identify the type of HPV, and it is impossible to confirm the presence or absence of virus by this method in cases of malignant changes. ISH is therefore necessary for identification of HPV and investigation of a histopathological relationship between HPV type and malignant change.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗