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Biomedical subjects

T Kasai

Publications and source records attributed to T Kasai.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Studies on the excretion of ascorbic acid 2-sulfate and total vitamin C into human urine after oral administration of ascorbic acid 2-sulfate.

The excretion of AsS and total vitamin C into urine after oral administration of AsS to humans was investigated. When 10 mmol of AsS was administered to the subjects, the excretion of AsS into urine continued for 60 hr in males and 48 hr in females. The average amount excreted per hour was less than 5 mg. These results differed from those for AsA and DAsA orally administered to humans. The determination of vitamin C after oral administration of AsS to the subjects consisting of ten males and six females showed no vitamin C effect in humans, similarly to the case with the guinea pig and the rhesus monkey.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Synergistic effects of a macrolide and a cell wall-affecting antibiotic on Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and in vivo. 3. Incorporation of [14C]midecamycin acetate (MOM) into P. aeruginosa pretreated with cell wall-affecting antibiotics.

The occurrence in beta-lactam treated patients of unstable L-forms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa insensitive to various antibiotics and synergistic effect of combined action of cell wall-affecting antibiotics and macrolide on Pseudomonas infection led us to examine the effects of macrolide on P. aeruginosa pretreated with cell wall-affecting antibiotics. The effects of macrolide antibiotics such as midecamycin acetate (MOM) on P. aeruginosa was investigated, a rapid killing effect by MOM was noted after treatment with suboptimal doses of cell wall-affecting antibiotics such as polymyxin B, carbenicillin, dibekacin or fosfomycin. Incorporation of [14C]MOM into intact P. aeruginosa cells was not significant, but was apparent into L-form cells or cells pretreated with cell wall-affecting antibiotics. The incorporated radioactivity was found in the 70 S ribosome fraction, binding with the 50 S subunits of ribosome in both cases. These results indicate that under certain conditions a macrolide antibiotic can enter the P. aeruginosa cell.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

Synergistic effects of a macrolide and a cell wall-affecting antibiotic on Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and in vivo. 1. Combined effects of a macrolide and a peptide antibiotic.

Synergistic effects of peptide and macrolide antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Synergistic effects were evaluated by estimating the number of viable bacteria at varying intervals in the logarithmic growth phase. These bacteria were treated concurrently with polymyxin B (PL) at the final concentration of 1.56 U/ml and with 9,3"-di-O-acetylmidecamycin (MOM) at varying concentrations. Synergistic effect was observed when PL was used with MOM at 3.13 and 12.5 microgram/ml respectively. When MOM at 50 microgram/ml was used with PL, the viable bacterial count was reduced to below 1/300 of the control to which PL alone had been added. Thus, the synergistic effect was remarkable. Similar results were obtained when colistin methanesulfonate (CL) was used instead of PL. Subsequently, attempts were made to determine if this action could also be found in in vivo experiments using mice. PL or CL was injected intramuscularly and midecamycin (MDM) or MOM was administered once or repeatedly by the oral route. Simultaneously, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain IFO 3455 was inoculated intraperitoneally to mice. In the case of treatment once or repeatedly using both PL and MDM or MOM, the survival rate of infected mice increased significantly compared to single treatment by PL alone. Thus, the synergistic effects were demonstrated in four experiments. (The significance levels for the experiments were P = 0.070, 0.015, 0.042 and 0.024). Similar results were obtained when strain No. 5 was used to infect mice (P = 0.0096, 0.0027). When CL and MOM were given to mice once prior to infection with strain No. 5, synergistic effects were obtained as well (P = 0.010, 0.034).

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Synergistic effects of a macrolide and a cell wall-affecting antibiotic on Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and in vivo. 2. Combined effects of a macrolide with a fosfomycin and an aminoglycoside antibiotic.

Synergistic effects of the cell wall-affecting antibiotics, dibekacin (DKB) and fosfomycin (FOM) and a macrolide antibiotic, midecamycin (MDM) or its derivative 9,3"-di-O-acetylmidecamycin (MOM) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Synergistic effects were evaluated by estimating the number of viable bacteria at varying intervals after the two kinds of antibiotics were added to the logarithmic phase of the bacterial solution. Six hours after addition of antibiotic, the viable bacterial count of the culture treated with FOM and MOM underwent 2 log reduction compared to that which treated with FOM alone. Thus synergistic effect was significant. The number of viable bacteria treated with DKB and MDM showed slight reduction at 3 hours after addition of the two antibiotics and a marked reduction was noted after 20 hours compared with the control. Synergistic action was also demonstrated in in vivo experiments using mice. Three experimental mouse infection models, intraperitoneal infection, subcutaneous infection with carrageenan solution and burn infection were used. FOM was administered subcutaneously. DKB was administered intramuscularly. MDM or MOM was administered by the oral route. In all three experiments the survival rate of infected mice treated with FOM and MOM increased significantly compared to control mice. Similar synergistic effect was also obtained with DKB and MDM.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Familial arthrogryposis with distal involvement of the limbs.

Five cases of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita in two families characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance, intrafamilial variability and primary involvement of the distal part of the limbs were analyzed to suggest that this condition is comparable to previously reported cases classified as distal arthrogryposis or digitotalar dysmorphism. These patients may represent a specific clinical entity. Heritable disorders should be distinguished from other forms of arthrogryposis for purposes of genetic counseling as well as therapeutic management.

Arthrogryposis↗
PubMed1981

Effect of diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate (NKK-105) on fatty liver induced by carbon tetrachloride.

The therapeutic effect of diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate (NKK-105) on the fatty liver induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was studied. The recovery from elevated liver triglyceride levels induced by CCl4 required over 20 days in 35 week-old rats, but 14 days in 6 week-old rats. This indicates that 35 week-old rats are useful for studying the therapeutic effect of NKK-105 on fatty liver. In rats with CCl4-induced fatty liver, NKK-105 lowered the hepatic triglyceride level, accelerated the rate of triglyceride release from the liver, enhanced the incorporation of 14C-leucine into microsomal protein, and increased the RNA content in microsomes. These data suggest that NKK-105 exerts a curative effect on CCl4-induced fatty liver by improving the impaired protein synthesis and by promoting lipoprotein secretion.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Combination therapy using 9,3"-di-O-acetyl-midecamycin with beta-lactam antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.

The combined effect of beta-lactam antibiotics and 9,3"-di-O-acetylmidecamycin were examined in 10 patients diagnosed as having chronic respiratory tract infections and complicated urinary tract infections. Patients were initially treated with 3 to 10 g/day of beta-lactams as intravenous infusions or by oral route for a certain period, after which period they were treated concurrently with 0.3 to 0.9 g/day of 9,3"-di-O-acetylmidecamycin by oral route. Through this combination therapy eradication of P. aeruginosa was obtained in 2 cases and remarkable decrease in another 2 cases out of the 10 cases. This combination therapy was judged to be effective in these 4 cases. Of the remaining cases, P. aeruginosa was eliminated before the start of the combination therapy in 3 cases, and no change in bacterial count was noted after the combination therapy in the other 3 cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

pMB9 plasmids bearing the Salmonella typhimurium his operon and gnd gene.

A plasmid containing the entire Salmonella typhimurium his operon was constructed from plasmid pM89 and an EcoRI fragment of phi 80 his imm lambda DNA. The recombinant pST41 also includes the glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (gnd) gene and has one EcoRI endonuclease cleavage site in the integrated fragment. This plasmid served as a source for the construction of two additional plasmids, one carrying the OGDC-region of the his operon and the other a CBHAFIE segment of the his gene along with the gnd gene. The presence of the his operon in the constructed plasmids was confirmed by hybridization to S. typhimurium his RNA. The location of the gnd gene in the CBHAFIE fragment of the his gene was confirmed genetically: after transfection with the plasmid bearing the gnd gene, a gnd recipient gained the capacity to utilize gluconate as a sole carbon source. The DNAs of the three hybrid plasmids were analyzed by gel electrophoresis. By comparing the EcoRI endonuclease cleavage pattern of these three hybrid plasmids with the DNA cleavage pattern of phi 80 his imm lambda, phi 80 imm lambda and lambda phages, the EcoRI cleavage map of phi 80 his imm lambda was obtained.

Bacteriophage lambda↗
PubMed1980

Effect of diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate on microsomal electron transport system in rat liver.

Effect of diisopropyl 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidenemalonate (NKK-105) on the components of rat liver microsomal electron transport system was investigated by comparison with those of phenobarbital, 3-methylcholanthrene and polychlorinated biphenyl. When NKK-105 was administered to rats at a dose of 250 mg/kg/day for 7 days, cytochrome b5 content and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity were significantly increased but cytochrome P-450 content to the lesser extent. Three inducers of the drug metabolizing enzymes remarkably increased cytochrome P-450 content but increased cytochrome b5 content to a lesser extent.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

BN-183B, a new antitumor antibiotic produced by Pseudomonas. Taxonomy, isolation, physico-chemical and biological properties.

BN-183B is a new antitumor antibiotic with chlorine in its molecule found in the culture broth of Pseudomonas sp. BN-183. The compound was weakly basic and isolated as a hydrochloride in a pure state. The molecular formula of its free base was determined as C14H20N2O6Cl2. The antibiotic showed not only strong antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria but also marked activity toward experimental tumors such as lymphoid leukemia L-1210 and lymphocytic leukemia P-388 in mice. No mutagenicity of BN-183B was noted.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Effects of somatic component of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on protective immunity in experimental mouse burn infection.

In the mouse burn model of Stieritz and Holder [19], a three-component vaccine consisting of elastase toxoid, protease toxoid and the common antigen (OEP) of P. aeruginosa was found significantly effective on protection against subcutaneous injection with strain IFO 3455, but not with strains M2 or PF 2243. Investigating the differences, it was clarified that somatic antigens of strains M2 and PF 2243 did not contain serological antigens cross-reacting with OEP. Accordingly, the protective effects of the somatic antigen of strains M2 were investigated with the result that both formalin and heat-killed antigens demonstrated significant protection against challenge with strain M2 in the mouse burn model. As strains PF 2243 and M2 were found to belong to the same serotype 16 of Homma's schema [23], it is presumed that somatic antigens of serotype 16 are devoid of OEP. At the same time, it is suggested that the somatic component of P. aeruginosa is essential to the effects of the multi-component vaccines on protective immunity.

Animals↗