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Biomedical subjects

T Kanoh

Publications and source records attributed to T Kanoh.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Comparative analysis of lymphocyte phenotypes between carriers of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and adult patients with primary immunodeficiency using two-color immunofluorescence flow cytometry.

A variety of phenotypic abnormalities of peripheral blood lymphocytes from 8 HIV-carriers (HIVC), 6 patients with common variable immunodeficiency disease (CVID), and 13 patients with selective immunoglobulin deficiency (SIgD) were compared using two-color flow cytometry. There was a close resemblance in phenotypic abnormalities between HIVC and the patients with CVID; i.e., increases in CD8+CD11-, Leu7+CD16- and CD3+DR+ cells, and decreases in CD4+Leu8+, CD4+Leu8-, Leu7+CD16+ and Leu7-CD16+ cells. The increase in CD3+DR+ cells was due to an increase in CD8+DR+ cells. The CD4/CD8 ratio was inverted in both groups. A strong correlation coefficient (CC) was found only between the CD4/CD8 ratio and CD4+Leu8+ cells in HIVC, while CC was also high between the CD4/CD8 ratio and CD8+CD11- cells in CVID. The phenotypic abnormalities of the patients with SIgD were various and no significant difference was found against the control, except for an increase in CD4+Leu8+ cells and a decrease in CD4+Leu8- cells, which suggests heterogeneity of immunological deficits in this group. In severe immunodeficiency, ineffective killer cells appeared to be induced as a result of an adaptive change involved in recurrent or persistent viral infections, and Leu8 molecule may be concerned in the susceptibility of CD4+ cells to HIV.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Soluble interleukin-2 receptors in the serum of patients with chronic renal failure.

The levels of soluble form of the interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) were evaluated in the peripheral blood of 29 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All patients had undergone hemodialysis and the mean (+/- S.D.) BUN was before hemodialysis was 80.9 +/- 22.4 mg/100 ml. The mean level of sIL-2R was 1146 +/- 258 U/ml, which was significantly higher than the level (288 +/- 118 U/ml) in 12 individuals with a normal BUN level (p = 0.01). In patients with CRF, the elevated sIL-2R level was not influenced by hemodialysis, and not correlated with creatinine or beta 2-microglobulin levels. The kidneys may play an important role in the catabolism of serum sIL-2R. The elevated sIL-2R level may be related to compromised immunoregulation in CRF.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1988

Effect of immunoglobulin preparation on course of AIDS-related complex (ARC).

Relatively low dose treatment (150 mg/kg, once per two weeks) of a intravenous immunoglobulin (IVI) preparation has shown a beneficial effect on CD4/CD8 ratio and CD4 cell counts in two patients with AIDS-related complex (ARC). Since ARC generally progresses to AIDS with a marked reduction of CD4 cells or a marked inversion of CD4/CD8 ratio, this type of IVI treatment seems to be effective for obstructing or at least delaying the progression from ARC to AIDS.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1988

Activation of antioxidant activity in natural medicinal products by heating, brewing and lipophilization. A new drug delivery system.

On the basis of the authors' previous hypothesis (1) that treatment of natural plant products with heating and gastric juice results in liberation of low molecular weight compounds with antioxidant activity that exist in the native products as repeating subunits of high molecular weight polymers, they have developed specially treated natural health or medicinal products in which several identifiable low molecular weight compounds with antioxidant activity are liberated and activated. The principal features of the treatment protocol included heating at 80-95 degrees C with continuous manual stirring in an oriental pottery vessel over a Japanese traditional oven, subsequent brewing with Koji (Aspergillus oryzae), and final emulsification in sesame oil. These products were named AOA (antioxidant analogues) or B-H (Bio-harmony). AOA and B-H were markedly effective both in scavenging the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated and in inhibiting lipid peroxidation; they also significantly reduced both adjuvant- and adriamycin-induced paw oedema in rats. These agents were strikingly effective in ameliorating a variety of inflammatory diseases in patients and caused a fall in their serum lipid peroxide levels. Significant levels of several low molecular weight antioxidant compounds such as flavoprotein and carotene were directly detected by analysis of the treated products. The authors conclude that the procedures are useful and effective for potentiating the bioavailability of pharmacologically active natural products.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Coronary calcification in cinefluoroscopy: diagnosis of ischemic heart disease masquerading as dilated cardiomyopathy].

The feasibility of cinefluoroscopic grading of coronary calcification was tested for differential diagnosis of ischemic cardiomyopathy (IMD) and non-ischemic myocardial disease (N-IMD) simulating dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Twenty-seven patients with generalized hypokinesis of the left ventricle but without localized infarction or aneurysm on two-dimensional echocardiography were categorized as Group A of 17 cases examined by both cinefluoroscopy and coronary cineangiography (CAG); Group B, 10 examined only by noninvasive method because of severe congestive heart failure, old age or poor renal function. Cinefluoroscopy was recorded on 35 mm cinefilm for review using a 7 inch image intensifier, 2 to 3 mA and 90 to 100 kV, in the anteroposterior, right and left anterior oblique, and left lateral projections. We judged the degree of coronary calcification as Grade 1, calcification difficult to recognize; Grade 2, easily recognized; Grade 3, recognized in more than half of one coronary artery; and Grade 4, recognized in nearly the entire length of one coronary artery. To obtain the calcification score, the degree was multiplied by the number of calcified main coronary branches. IMD was defined as more than 75% decrease in the diameter of either the left main coronary artery or any other two major coronary vessels. I. The results obtained for group A were: 1. All six cases of IMD had coronary calcification. 2. The score of IMD was 21.2 +/- 8.1; that of N-IMD, 0.18 +/- 0.39. 3. The minimum IMD score was 10 without evidence of any calcification in the non-dominant right coronary artery. 4. Among three cases of DCM, two scored 1 and one scored 0. 5. The sensitivity and specificity of calcification for IMD were 100% and 81.8%, respectively. II. The following results were obtained in Group B, if IMD was defined as score more than 10. 1. The mean score of three IMD cases was 28 +/- 1.4, and the diagnosis was confirmed by subsequent CAG in two of them. 2. In none of the five N-IMD cases, calcification was recognized. The diagnosis of one case was confirmed by subsequent CAG. 3. The diagnosis was not confirmed in two cases who had score 3. These results indicate that calculated scores based on the severity of coronary artery calcification documented cinefluoroscopically can differentiate IMD from N-IMD both inexpensively and noninvasively.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Immune hemolytic anemia associated with streptococcal preparation OK-432.

In the course of administration of an immunopotentiator, streptococcal agent OK-432, a patient with lung cancer was found to have severe anemia and a strongly positive antiglobulin test. In the absence of the drug, eluates from the patient's erythrocytes reacted strongly by the indirect antiglobulin test with a panel of washed Group O erythrocyte samples. The eluated antibody was composed of monoclonal IgG1-lambda. Upon discontinuing the drug the patient's hemoglobin level increased slowly with concomitant normalization of the reticulocyte count. Although very rare, drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia should be included in the list of adverse effects of immunopotentiators. This is the first reported case of immune hemolytic anemia associated with OK-432.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

The ratio of lipidperoxides to superoxide dismutase activity in the skin lesions of patients with severe skin diseases: an accurate prognostic indicator.

We studied 35 patients with active inflammatory skin diseases, measuring the levels of lipidperoxides and of the oxygen radical scavenging enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) in biopsy specimens of skin lesions. Lipidperoxide levels were markedly elevated in all patients. In fifteen patients with disease that was severe and highly resistant to therapy, SOD activity was only slightly increased, in comparison with normal controls. In contrast, in the twenty patients with mild disease that responded well to therapy, SOD activity was markedly elevated. The ratio of lipidperoxide levels to SOD activity was thus an accurate prognostic indicator, being elevated only in the group not responding to treatment. These findings suggest that the severity of allergic inflammatory skin disease and/or the response to treatment may in part be governed by the degree to which the patient's SOD activity is up-regulated in response to the generation of tissue-damaging substances such as lipidperoxides. Interestingly, our studies revealed the SOD activities of both normal and inflamed skin to be unexpectedly high; our data suggest that SOD plays a critical role in protecting the skin from the effects of oxygen radicals and ultraviolet light.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Luminol-independent chemiluminescence by phagocytes is markedly enhanced by dexamethasone, not by other glucocorticosteroids.

The effect of several glucocorticosteroids on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was examined. The ROS assessed were O-2, H2O2, OH., and chemiluminescence (CL) (determined in the presence or absence of luminol), generated by both opsonized zymosan-stimulated neutrophils or monocytes and by the xanthine-xanthine oxidase system. Except for luminol-independent CL, only high concentrations (10(-4) M) of steroids could decrease each ROS. In contrast, luminol-independent CL generation in the phagocyte system was increased in a dose-dependent manner by the addition of dexamethasone, but not by any other steroid. Further, in lymphocyte cultures stimulated with Con A for four days, luminol-independent CL generation was demonstrated and enhanced by the addition of dexamethasone, although CL generation was not detected in the absence of dexamethasone. These findings provide evidence that CL does not always represent light specific to ROS, and they suggest the possibility that dexamethasone induces emission of light at sites of inflammation.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1987

Immunoglobulin-producing cells in secretory immune system in patients with selective IgA deficiency.

This study evaluated the class distribution and J chain-positivity of immunoglobulin-producing cells (Ig-PCs) in gastrointestinal mucosa and salivary glands of Japanese patients with selective IgA deficiency. The proportional patterns of gland-associated Ig-PCs showed an increase in not only IgM cells but also IgG cells, most of which were J chain-positive. This may represent a maturation arrest at B cell differentiation, rather than a compensatory phenomenon. No patients showed an increase of IgD cells in salivary glands. This behavior of IgD cells in Japanese patients may reflect associated diseases or ethnic difference in B cell differentiation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Gastric plasmacytoma with cylindrical crystalline inclusions.

An 81 year-old female case of extramedullary plasmacytoma of the stomach is reported. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells contained IgM-lambda immunoglobulin. Electron micrographs of the tumor cells showed centrally located nuclei with nuclear inclusions and cytoplasm filled with crystalline inclusions in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. IgM-lambda producing gastric plasmacytoma with cylindrical inclusions is rare.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Transport defect of IgM into luminal space in selective IgA deficiency.

This study explored the pathogenesis of a transport defect of IgM into the lumen in a patient with selective IgA deficiency. In addition to the absence of IgM in the saliva, no IgM was localized on the luminal surface of colonic mucosa from the patient despite the presence of J chain-positive IgM cells. On tissue sections, IgM cells did not bind secretory component. The serum IgM also showed a negligible capacity to bind secretory component in vitro. Such abnormalities of IgM molecules as stated above seem to be clinicopathologically linked with IgA deficiency or its associated Sjögren's syndrome.

Biological Transport↗