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Biomedical subjects

T Harada

Publications and source records attributed to T Harada.

At least 973 records · Page 54Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Iatrogenic ossicular injury in an autistic child.

A 5-year-old autistic child inserted a grain of oiled popcorn into his right ear canal. Forcible removal of the foreign body in an emergency room while the child was held down resulted in severe ossicular injury. This case well illustrates the danger in removing foreign bodies from the ear of a child without anesthesia. The danger becomes greater when the child is autistic. Ossicular injury, when it happens in such a case, may become quite severe. Treatment of an autistic child presents another difficult problem.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1985

Complement anaphylatoxins activity in middle ear effusion.

There are various theories on the causes of otitis media with effusion. The exact pathogenesis, however, still remains unknown, while the causes have been so far elucidated and studied by many researchers. This disease occurs frequently in children, showing an increasing trend, often causes subsequent deafness, and its treatment takes a long time causing social hardships. Therefore it is urgent to elucidate the pathogenesis of this disease. In this study the C3a and C5a fragments of complements from middle ear fluids, most closely related to the inflammatory reaction, were measured. The subjects were patients with otitis media with effusion consisting of 5 children and 9 adults. All cases showed retraction in the tympanic membrane findings, B type in the tympanogram classification, and serous type in the properties of middle ear fluids. CRP, alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-, gamma-globulin, neutrocytes, and lymphocytes in serum were normal when examined, and C3, C4, C3a, C5a, and CH50 were normal as well. Extremely high values of C3a and C5a in middle ear fluids were observed. The values of C3a were 18,000 ng/ml at maximum, 5,800 ng/ml at minimum, and 9,293 ng/ml on average. The values of C5a were 86, 20, and 55 ng/ml, respectively. No difference between childhood and adult cases was observed, in spite of differences in the underlying diseases among them. The above results revealed that an extremely intensive inflammatory reaction may take place in the middle ear, and that anaphylatoxin might play an important role as a delayed factor in otitis media with effusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Effect of ranitidine on gastric acid hypersecretion in an infant with short bowel syndrome.

We studied the effect of ranitidine given in graded bolus intravenous doses on gastric acid hypersecretion in an unfed 3-month-old male with short bowel syndrome. We measured gastric volume and H+ serially for 12 h following each bolus and correlated inhibition of H+ secretion with plasma ranitidine concentration. In the first 4 h post drug, doses of 0.3, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg/kg resulted in 78, 93, 97, and 98% inhibition, respectively. The cumulative 12-h effect of the drug was to inhibit H+ secretion 67, 63, 72, and 87%. The IC50 for H+ secretion was between 50 and 100 ng/ml, and the IC90 between 130 and 150 ng/ml. Volume of gastric secretions was reduced by approximately 50% by all ranitidine doses. Because gastric acid hypersecretion interferes with nutrient absorption, the infant was treated with ranitidine during a 5-week trial of enteral feeding. A decrease in the antisecretory effect of ranitidine apparent at the end of the treatment period temporally related to an increase in oxyntic mucosal function. No adverse drug effects were observed during treatment.

Depression, Chemical↗
PubMed1985

Detection of mucosal and serum antibodies specific for the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

A sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with rough-surfaced glass beads used as the solid phase was developed for detection of IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies to Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide (HITB-CP). A successful method for indirect coating of glass bead surfaces with HITB-CP, and parameters affecting the specificity and sensitivity of the assay are described. This ELISA system proved to be 100 times as sensitive as the standard indirect fluorescent-antibody assay. The assay was applied to the measurement of antibodies to HITB-CP in serum and nasal secretions and proved to be a useful tool in the evaluation of immunological response to HITB infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Production of macrophage activating factor by human leukemic T cell lines.

Human leukemic T cell lines were tested for their ability to produce a macrophage activating factor. When mouse peritoneal macrophages were cultured for 48 hr in the presence of culture supernatants from cell lines HPB-ALL, CCRF-CEM, or MOLT-4, glucose oxidation via the hexose monophosphate pathway was enhanced by five to seven fold. Culture supernatants from cell line HPB-MLT stimulated the oxidation to a lesser extent. However, cell line CCRF-HSB-2 was essentially inactive as a producer. The active supernatants also stimulated the release of hydrogen peroxide from macrophages, whereas the inactive one did not. Since treatment of the cell lines with 12-o-tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate or phytohemagglutinin had little effect on the production of the factor except HPB-ALL, the cell lines seemed to secrete the factor constitutively. The stimulatory effect was dose-dependent and evident at a concentration as low as a 1/80 dilution. The factor was resistant to heat treatment at 100 C for 20 min, nondialysable and sensitive to protease digestion. The activating factor could be partially purified by anion exchange and gel filtration chromatographies.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Perforating granuloma annulare.

With more than 3 years' follow-up, dramatic clinical transfiguration of granuloma annulare was observed in a 59-year-old man with perforating granuloma annulare. The eruption was at first localized, then became generalized, developed perforations, and subsided in parallel with the improvement of associated diabetes mellitus. After reviewing 23 cases of perforating granuloma annulare from the literature, the authors divided the eruptions into two types according to their clinical features, naming one type papular perforating type (P-type) and the other ulcerative perforating type (U-type). U-type is strongly correlated with diabetes; patients with this type require detailed laboratory examination for the presence of diabetes mellitus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Neuroleptic drugs and 5HT1 receptor: different potencies of various neuroleptic drugs on 5HT1 receptors in discrete regions of the rat brain.

The potencies of various neuroleptic drugs (zotepine, chlorpromazine-HCl, haloperidol and spiperone) on serotonin1 (5HT1) receptors were examined in discrete rat brain regions using the radio receptor assay. The potencies of the neuroleptic drugs on 5HT1 receptors were clearly differentiated in the discrete brain regions: zotepine was the most potent in the frontal cortex, striatum and brain stem; spiperone was the most potent in the hippocampus. Furthermore, zotepine and chlorpromazine-HCl produced no great differences among the various regional 5HT1 receptors, while butyrophenones, haloperidol and spiperone showed remarkable differences. These findings demonstrate that the neuroleptic drugs can be differentiated according to their different affinities for regionally discrete 5HT1 receptors in the brain. This suggests that 5HT1 receptors may be able to be classified into two subtypes: the zotepine and chlorpromazine-HCl group having a high affinity for one subtype and butyrophenones a high affinity for the other.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Clinical and biochemical effects of calcium-hopantenate on neuroleptics-induced tardive dyskinesia.

Calcium-hopantenate (HOPA), a derivative of GABA, was administered to 9 psychiatric patients with neuroleptics-induced tardive dyskinesia. In a clinical study, involuntary movements have improved significantly after a 4-8-week medication. Although there was no correlation between the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of HOPA, GABA, HVA or clinical response, the CSF HOPA levels significantly correlated with changes in the CSF GABA levels. These results suggest that HOPA alleviates the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia being mediated by the central GABAergic mechanisms.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The estimation of urine bolus volume for patients with congenital hydronephrosis.

A new examination (bolusmetry) to evaluate the urine transport function of the ureteropelvic system was performed in 7 adult patients with congenital unilateral hydronephrosis. Whistle-tipped Fr. 5 catheters were introduced to each ureter about 5 cm proximal from the ureteral orifice by transurethral endoscopic technique. Bolus volume and frequency, and changes in them caused by furosemide injection, were estimated by using a drop counter which was connected to the terminal end of the ureteral catheter. Bolusmetry was performed comparing the hydronephrotic side and the healthy side, pre and postoperatively, and these results were then compared with a conventional examination. We obtained the following results: Bolus volume of the hydronephrotic side was 0.05 +/- 0.02 (mean +/- S.D.) ml at oliguric state, and it was significantly lower than the value of the healthy side which was 0.19 +/- 0.07 ml. Injection of diuretics increased the bolus volume of the healthy side ten times or more. On the other hand, the bolus volume of the hydronephrotic side was increased only slightly by the injection of furosemide, it being approximately one-fourth of the value of the healthy side. The value of bolus frequency was similar to peristaltic frequency which was measured by the electromyogram. The tendency of a decrease was noticed in bolus frequency of the hydronephrotic side but it was not significant. Of patients with severe hydronephrosis, the bolus volume of the hydronephrotic side was decreased and the response to the diuretics was not so significant. By bolusmetry, functional or organic obstruction of the ureteropelvic junction was detected. Of 3 patients who had nephrectomy or nephrostomy, the kidney function had deteriorated severely. The bolus volume was lower than 0.25 ml at the diuretic state. Bolus volume was increased postoperatively in 3 of 4 patients who had received pelvioplasty. One patient did not show the formation of bolus by the injection of diuretics, and the cause of the hydronephrosis was functional obstruction of the pelvioureteric junction. We concluded that bolusmetry is a valuable method for evaluation of the function of urine transport in the ureteropelvic system. Especially in hydronephrosis, bolusmetry is a useful in the choice of operative procedure, and for postoperative evaluation.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Evaluation of the pelvioureteral function through a new urine bolusmetry: simultaneous measurement of urine bolus volume and electroureterogram.

New equipment to evaluate the urine transport function of the ureteropelvic system has been developed. Simultaneous measurement of urine bolus volume and electrical activity in the ureter is possible by means of this equipment. A urine bolus volume measuring system, which is based on the heat electrical method, is located in the probe tip, and bipolar electrodes for EMG are located in the stem of the Fr. 4 ureteral catheter. Two kinds of experiments were performed. One was an examination of the new probe through a pervioureteric model using an infusion pump and Nelatons' catheters of various diameters. The other was an animal experiment. The changes in ureteral peristalsis and urine bolus volume in response to diuretics were examined in mongrel dogs through application of this equipment. The following results were obtained: There was a logarithmic relation between perfusion flow rate in catheters used as ureteral models and the values of voltage depression measured by the heat electrical method. The urine bolus volume was calculated closely through a formula which had been developed from the model experiments. In animal experiments, the bolus volume increased significantly and a transient increase in peristalsis was noted after the administration of diuretics although there was no significant change in peristaltic velocity. Some pelvioureteric function parameters, i.e. peristaltic frequency, peristaltic velocity, urine bolus volume, volume, bolus length and ureteral width, are feasible calculations. These results indicate that bolusmetry by using this new probe is a valuable method for evaluation of urine transport function in the pelvioureteric system, and suitable for clinical use as well as animal experiments.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effects of dobutamine on the in vivo urethra in the female dog.

The effect of dobutamine on the proximal urethra was investigated in vivo in female dogs. Dobutamine administered intra-arterially at the bifurcation of the iliac artery produced a rise in pressure and shortening along the transverse axis in the urethra.

Animals↗