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Biomedical subjects

T Hara

Publications and source records attributed to T Hara.

At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Deep sclerectomy with Nd:YAG laser trabeculotomy ab interno: two-stage procedure.

We performed almost the same procedure as Weber's two-stage Nd:YAG laser trabeculotomy. Our technique, developed without knowledge of Weber's findings, also is composed of two stages. In Stage 1, under conjunctival and thin scleral flaps, the deep (4 x 2 mm) scleral block containing the outer wall of Schlemm's canal is removed. Stage 2, the puncturing of the remaining trabeculum with Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, is performed the next day. We evaluated the technique in 16 eyes of 11 patients with medically uncontrolled phakic open-angle glaucoma and one eye of a pseudophakic patient with a Binkhorst 2-loop lens. All eyes had unacceptable intraocular pressures (IOPs), despite maximum tolerated medical therapy, and two 360 degrees argon laser trabeculoplasties. The mean preoperative and final postoperative IOPs were 38.3 +/- 19.1 mm Hg and 16.9 +/- 5.3 mm Hg, respectively. Follow-up time was at least 12 months and the results of a 12-month postoperative period were used in all cases. Final postoperative IOP was less than 21 mm Hg in 12 eyes (70%). The only complication during intraoperative and postoperative periods was extremely slight bleeding from the trabeculum or Schlemm's canal in Stage 2; this bleeding was completely absorbed by the following day.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Concentrations of cefuroxime in the skin].

Concentrations of cefuroxime (CXM) in the skin and the serum of 24 patients were examined. CXM (0.75 g, 1.5 g) was administered to these patients intravenously in one shot. The skin and the serum were collected at 30 and 60 minutes after the injection. Concentrations of CXM in the skin were following: 0.75 g, 30 min.; 11.4 +/- 5.3 micrograms/g 60 min.; 9.5 +/- 4.7 micrograms/g 1.5 g, 30 min.; 17.1 +/- 6.8 micrograms/g 60 min.; 15.7 +/- 13.2 micrograms/g Concentration ratios (skin/serum) at 60 minutes after the injection were from 72.5% to 79.2%. The binding ratio of CXM to serum protein was 41%, which was lower than most other antibiotics. High concentration levels of CXM were maintained in the skin for a long time. Based on this study, we consider that CXM is effective in the skin surgery.

Cefuroxime↗
PubMed1988

[Antibacterial activity of cefminox in human urine].

The antibacterial activity of cefminox (CMNX) was compared to those of cefotaxime (CTX) and latamoxef (LMOX) in human urine using 11 clinical isolates from complicated urinary tract infections. When the inoculum size was increased from 10(4) (or 10(3)) to 10(8) (or 10(7)) CFU/ml, MIC values increased in general, but the increment of average MICs of CMNX was the smallest of the 3 drugs: 4 approximately 8 fold with CMNX, 32 approximately 64 fold with CTX and 8 approximately 32 fold with LMOX. MICs also increased when the urinary pH was altered from 8.5 to 5.5, but again the increment of MICs of CMNX was the smallest. Using 5 clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria as test organisms, the bactericidal activity of CMNX was compared to those of CTX and LMOX. In spite of the inferior activity of CMNX as determined by the MIC values, CMNX showed killing activity equal to or better than CTX and LMOX, particularly at low concentrations (2 approximately 20 micrograms/ml). The bacteriolytic activity of CMNX was also equal or superior to those of CTX and LMOX against 6 test organisms. These results suggest the usefulness of CMNX in the treatment of urinary tract infections, particularly when dense bacterial populations are present.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1987

A novel covalent modification of antibodies at their amino groups with retention of antigen-binding activity.

A novel method of covalent modification of antibodies at their amino groups with retention of antigen-binding activity is described. The procedure is as follows: (a) blockade of those amino groups of antibodies whose integrity is essential to their antigen-binding activity with 2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydride, a reversible amino group-blocking reagent; (b) modification of residual amino groups with reagents reactive with the amino groups; and (c) removal of dimethylmaleyl groups by hydrolysis. This procedure was used for covalent conjugation of methotrexate (MTX) with two monoclonal antibodies against human melanoma-associated antigens using MTX N-succinimidyl ester. MTX attached to the antibodies at sites other than the amino groups via less stable bond(s) was removed by treatment with hydroxylamine.

Amines↗
PubMed1987

Effects of age on behavioral responses to dopamine agonists in the rat.

This study served to examine the differential effects of age (rats aged 2 or 12 months) on behavioral responses induced by bromocriptine and apomorphine. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of bromocriptine or apomorphine produced a lower frequency of yawning responses, in 12-month-old rats than in 2-month-old rats. Apomorphine produced a more pronounced stereotyped behavior in 12-month-old rats than in 2-month-old rats. Apomorphine, at 0.1 mg/kg administered after bromocriptine (1.0-20 mg/kg) potentiated yawning behavior. The frequency of yawning in 2-month-old rats was pronounced at 2.5 mg/kg of bromocriptine but only at 5 mg/kg 12-month-old rats. Apomorphine (0.1 mg/kg) did not produce perioral behavior in 2-month-old rats but did in 12-month-old rats. The apomorphine (1.0 mg/kg)-induced stereotypy was stimulated dose dependently by bromocriptine in 2-month-old-rats but not in 12-month-old rats. Bromocriptine did not produce this behavior when administered alone. Pretreatment of 2-month-old rats with reserpine, a catecholamine depletor, plus alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, a tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor, inhibited the yawning induced by bromocriptine but potentiated that induced by apomorphine. Such treatment did not significantly alter either bromocriptine or apomorphine-induced yawning responses in 12-month-old rats. The apomorphine-induced stereotypy in 2-month-old rats was markedly potentiated by catecholamine depletion but was not affected in 12-month-old rats. These results suggest that the increasing effect on stereotypy and decreasing effects on yawning in the 12-month-old rats seem to result in an alteration of potency and of the ratio of D-2 versus D-1 receptor activity.

Aging↗
PubMed1987

In vitro cytotoxicity of a human serum albumin-mediated conjugate of methotrexate with anti-MM46 monoclonal antibody.

In studies on antitumor antibody:drug conjugates as potential antitumor agents, methotrexate (MTX) was conjugated with a murine monoclonal antibody (aMM46) to an antigen on ascitic mouse mammary tumor MM46 cells (MM antigen) with human serum albumin (HSA) as an intermediary. MTX was linked to HSA which had been conditioned to have about 1 mol of thiol group per mol of HSA by dithiothreitol treatment followed by oxidation on standing at 4 degrees C. The MTX linking was performed, without protection of the thiol group of HSA, by using MTX N-succinimidyl ester prepared via MTX intramolecular anhydride. The resulting HSA:MTX was reacted with the immunoglobulin with the maleimide group introduced. The aMM46:HSA:MTX obtained retained both antibody binding and drug activities. The cytotoxicity of aMM46:HSA:MTX against MM antigen-positive MM46 cells was greater than that of control 96.5 (anti-human melanoma-associated antigen, p97):HSA:MTX and was inhibited by unconjugated aMM46. No different cytotoxicity of aMM46:HSA:MTX compared with that of 96.5:HSA:MTX was observed against MM antigen-negative mouse mammary tumor MM48 cells. The presence of ammonium chloride or leupeptin abrogated the selective cytotoxicity against MM46 cells of aMM46 conjugate but did not affect the nonspecific cytotoxicity of 96.5:HSA:MTX. These results support the idea that the selective cytotoxicity of aMM46:HSA:MTX is antibody directed and exhibited through lysosomal degradation of the conjugate.

Ammonium Chloride↗
PubMed1987

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I infection in neonates.

One hundred twenty-eight serum samples, collected from infants transfused at the neonatal care unit of Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan, were tested for the presence of antibody to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the indirect immunofluorescence test. Three of 128 were positive for anti-HTLV-I antibody. The three seropositive patients had received 62, 82, and 1160 mL of transfused blood. These patients did not receive any transfusion thereafter. In addition, no anti-HTLV-I antibodies were detected in the sera of their mothers and siblings. These data suggested that HTLV-I infection is one of the transfusion-associated complications in neonates.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1987

Malignant histiocytosis in infants: surface marker analysis of malignant cells in two cases.

Two infants with malignant histiocytosis, as diagnosed by morphological and cytochemical examinations of malignant cells infiltrating pleural effusion, skin, and bone marrow, are described. Surface marker analysis of the malignant cells with monoclonal antibodies showed these cells to express markers of T-lymphocytes and HLA-DR antigen, but not those of B-lymphocytes, granulocytes, or monocytes. These immunological findings demonstrated that the neoplastic cells in malignant histiocytosis of infancy may be of T-cell origin, rather than histiocytic or monocytic origin.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Target-selective cytotoxicity of methotrexate conjugated with monoclonal anti-MM46 antibody.

In studies on antitumor antibody-cytotoxic drug conjugates as potential tumor-selective cytotoxic agents, methotrexate (MTX) was conjugated via its active ester derivative with a murine monoclonal antibody (aMM46) to a mouse mammary tumor antigen (MM antigen) on syngeneic, ascitic C3H/He mouse mammary tumor MM46 cells. The conjugate retained full antibody activity, as assayed by complement-dependent cytolysis. The target-selective cytotoxicity of aMM46-MTX was verified by the observations that this conjugate showed greater cytotoxicity than the corresponding normal mouse immunoglobulin (nIg) conjugate to MM46 cells, neither aMM46 nor nIg being cytotoxic, and that it showed less cytotoxicity to MM antigen negative mouse mammary tumor MM48 cells than to MM46 cells, its cytotoxicity to MM48 cells being similar to that of the nIg conjugate. From the results of assays of cell binding and uptake of 131I-labeled aMM46 and aMM46-3H-MTX, aMM46 and aMM46-MTX were internalized after their binding to MM46 cell surface antigen. Leupeptin, an inhibitor of the lysosomal endopeptidase cathepsin, decreased the cytotoxicity of aMM46-MTX, supporting the involvement of lysosomal degradation of the conjugate in its action.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Isolation and characterization of a retinal-binding protein from the squid retina.

A retinal-binding protein (RALBP) was isolated from the squid retina, and purified by anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. The molecular weight was determined to be 51,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by gel filtration. The purified sample showed absorption maxima at about 330 and 400 nm in addition to a protein band, indicating the occurrence of retinol and retinal, respectively. The relative heights of these two peaks varied from preparation to preparation, depending on retinoid ligands. Irradiation of RALBP caused no marked change in absorption, but the amount of 11-cis-retinal decreased to form a photosteady state mixture with all-trans- and 13-cis-retinals. RALBP was fairly stable even in the presence of hydroxylamine (100 mM), but was affected by sodium borohydride (30 mM) or borane dimethylamine (400 mM), with the retinal reduced to retinol. When incubated with metaretinochrome-carrying membranes in the dark, RALBP specifically took up 11-cis-retinal and lost all-trans-retinol. Upon further incubation of this RALBP with opsin-containing membranes, rhodopsin was progressively formed in the dark. Squid RALBP may act as a shuttle in transferring the 11-cis-retinal from metaretinochrome to opsin in the visual cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Roundel phacoemulsification technique for in-the-bag intraocular lens fixation.

We introduce a new phacoemulsification technique that removes a cataract and retains a 5-mm round, tear-free opening in the anterior capsule, and present the results in 100 eyes. This technique is extremely useful in retaining the integrity of the capsular bag, which is indispensable for long-term capsular bag fixation, and is also a preliminary step in mastering endocapsular (intercapsular) phacoemulsification. We call this the roundel technique.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Clinical results of endocapsular phacoemulsification and complete in-the-bag intraocular lens fixation.

Endocapsular phacoemulsification was performed in the Hara Eye Hospital on 77 eyes of 69 patients between October 1984 and January 1986. The age of patients ranged from 52 to 86 years with an average of 71 years. In 71 of 77 eyes, a posterior chamber lens was inserted. The procedure was attempted in 243 eyes and was successfully performed in 77 of them (32%). The causes of failure in 166 eyes were anterior capsule rupture in 149 eyes (90%) and posterior capsule rupture in 27 eyes (16%). With the exception of one eye lost to follow-up, the results of these cases were satisfactory. A postoperative visual acuity of better than 20/20 was achieved in 45 eyes (58%), better than 20/40, in 70 eyes (91%). The main postoperative complications in 50 completely recorded eyes were anterior capsule opacity in 44 eyes (88%), severe iris atrophy because of intraoperative ultrasound in seven eyes (9%), and posterior capsule opacity causing visual disturbance in three eyes (4%).

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Postoperative change in the corneal thickness of the pseudophakic eye: amplified diurnal variation and consensual increase.

Diurnal variation in the corneal thickness in 53 pseudophakic eyes of 43 patients during the early postoperative period was determined by ultrasonic pachymetry using the Vida 55 unit. The results were as follows: In the operated eye, more prominent diurnal variation was observed than in the contralateral eye. Consensual increase in the corneal thickness was observed. When bilateral implant surgery was performed within a one-week interval, this phenomenon occurred in all the eyes that initially had surgery on the first postoperative day after surgery on the second eye. For long-term follow-up, a single daily measurement between 11:00 AM and 2:00 PM is recommended as an alternative to hourly determinations.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Cloning and sequence analysis of adrenodoxin reductase cDNA from bovine adrenal cortex.

cDNA clones for bovine adrenodoxin reductase were isolated, and the primary structure of the enzyme precursor was deduced from their nucleotide sequences. The precursor consists of 492 amino acids including an extrapeptide of 32 amino acids at the amino terminus. The extrapeptide is hydrophilic [corrected] and rich in arginine. The amino terminal sequence of the precursor is homologous with that of the adrenodoxin precursor. A possible FAD- or NADPH-binding site is present near the amino terminus of the mature enzyme.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1987

Superoxide generation of leukemic cells in children.

Superoxide (O2-) generation of leukemic cells was investigated in 28 children with acute leukemia. Leukemic cells of seven with acute myelomonocytic leukemia and one with acute monocytic leukemia produced various amounts of O2- (0.13-0.87 nmol/min/10(6) cells) when stimulated with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Other types of leukemia cells exhibited no such functions. Leukemic cells of two patients diagnosed as unusual cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia generated significant amounts of O2- when stimulated with WGA and PMA. Both patients went into complete remission while on acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia treatment. Thus O2- generating activity can serve as a functional marker of leukemic cells in myelomonocytic lineage.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗