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Biomedical subjects

T Endo

Publications and source records attributed to T Endo.

At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Effect of S-100 protein on microtubule assembly-disassembly.

S-100 protein was examined for its ability to affect microtubule assembly-disassembly in vitro. Addition of S-100 protein inhibited microtubule assembly in a dose-dependent manner in the presence of Ca2+, but this effect was not observed in the presence of 2 mM EGTA. The interaction of microtubule proteins with S-100 protein was also demonstrated by Ca+-dependent affinity chromatography on S-100 protein-Sepharose. The proteins bound to the Sepharose column comigrated with tubulin as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These results might suggest a possible physiological role of S-100 protein in the microtubule assembly-disassembly system.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Purification and characterization of adipose tissue S-100b protein.

We have purified S-100 protein from bovine brain using Ca2+-dependent affinity chromatography on N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7)-Sepharose (Endo, T., Tanaka, T., Isobe, T., Kasai, H., Okuyama, T., and Hidaka, H. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 12485-12489). By essentially the same procedure, W-7-Sepharose binding protein has been purified to apparent homogeneity from bovine abdominal adipose tissue. Electrophoretically, the purified protein from adipose tissue co-migrated with brain S-100b protein both in the presence and absence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and the protein was indistinguishable from brain S-100b region in terms of amino acid composition, two-dimensional tryptic peptide mapping and reactivity with anti-brain S-100b serum. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the existence of S-100b protein in the adipose cell where the protein seems to be located in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Thus, the results indicate that the adipose cells contain the protein possibly identical with brain S-100b protein. In addition, the contents of S-100b protein in various rat tissues were measured by enzyme immunoassay method using the anti-bovine brain S-100b serum. Significant amounts of S-100b protein were found not only in the adipose tissue but also in the peripheral tissue such as trachea and skin. These observations suggest that S-100b protein should no longer be considered as a protein specific to nervous tissues.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1983

A novel neutral oligosaccharide chain found in polysialoglycoproteins isolated from Pacific salmon eggs. Structural studies by secondary ion mass spectrometry, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and chemical methods.

A novel carbohydrate chain possessing a hitherto unknown disaccharide unit, alpha-L-Fuc leads to D-GalNAc, has been isolated from salmon egg polysialoglycoproteins on alkali-borohydride treatment. Salmon egg polysialoglycoproteins contain O-glycosidically linked neutral pentasaccharide chains in addition to a number of oligosialosyl group containing sugar chains. Composition analysis of the neutral pentasaccharide gave fucose, galactose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxygalactose, and 2-acetamido-2-deoxygalactitol in a molar ratio of 1:2:1:1. The structure was determined to be alpha-L-Fuc(1 leads to 3)-beta-D-GalNAc-(1 leads to 3)-beta-D-Gal(1 leads to 4)-beta-D-Gal(1 leads to 3)-D-GalNAcol by the following three major procedures: First, the sequential order of the constitutional monosaccharides was determined by secondary ion mass spectrometry before and after permethylation. Second, linkages were established by methylation analysis and Smith degradation and hydrazinolysis-nitrous deamination studies. Third, anomeric configuration of the glycosidic linkages involved was deduced from 270-MHz proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Unusual trihydroxylated bile acids in urine of patients with liver cirrhosis.

Urine from 20 male patients with liver cirrhosis was analyzed for bile acid constituents by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Five unusual trihydroxy bile acids were found in the urine: norcholic acid in 18; 3 alpha, 7 beta, 12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholanoic acid in 9; hyocholic acid in 11; 1 beta, 3 alpha, 12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholanoic acid in 12; and allocholic acid in 13 patients. The presence of unusual trihydroxy bile acids was unrelated to the clinical severity of cirrhosis. Norcholic acid was the major trihydroxy bile acid which was found in the urine.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Pelvic exenteration combined with sacral resection for recurrent rectal cancer.

Local recurrence of rectal cancer following abdominoperineal resection is rarely amenable to limited resection. Computed tomographic (CT) study of the pelvis revealed recurrent tumor images in relation to the adjacent pelvic structures. Five patients with deeply invading recurrent lesions were submitted to pelvic exenteration combined with sacral resection. No postoperative deaths were encountered. The postoperative sharp drops of serum CEA levels are useful for judging the adequacy of this procedure. The follow-up status of the 5 patients, respectively: 14 months alive with pulmonary metastasis, 9 months alive without symptoms but with slightly elevated CEA levels, and 8 months, 3 months, and 3 weeks alive with no evidence of disease. All patients who were relieved of perineal or sciatic nerve pain are now able to walk without any assistance or trouble. Total en bloc residual pelvic exenteration combined with sacral resection is a reasonable treatment for locally recurrent rectal cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Distribution of S-100b protein in normal salivary glands and salivary gland tumors.

Immunohistochemical studies were performed for the presence of S-100b protein in non-neoplastic and neoplastic salivary gland tissues by the peroxidase anti-peroxidase (PAP) method. Some cases of pleomorphic adenoma were investigated by immuno-electron microscopy. S-100b protein could not be detected in epithelial cells of intercalated ducts, acini, striated ducts and excretory ducts of non-neoplastic salivary gland. However, myoepithelial cells surrounding the acini and intercalated ducts were specifically stained by S-100b protein. In pleomorphic adenomas, S-100b protein-positive cells could be mostly observed in the myxoid and chondroid areas, and the basal layer cells of the double-layered ductal cells were also positive. In clear cell adenoma, the clear cells were also S-100b protein positive. In adenoid cystic carcinomas, S-100b protein-positive cells could be found in trabecular areas, but not in tumor cells showing cribriform-pattern. In other tumors (Warthin's tumor, oxyphilic adenoma, basal cell adenoma, mucoepidermoid tumor and acinar cell carcinoma), S-100b protein positive cells were seldom observed. Immuno-electron microscopically, S-100b protein was diffusely distributed in the cytoplasm of myoepithelial cells as well as of tumor cells of pleomorphic adenoma, being distributed especially on the membrane of endoplasmic reticulum and the outer nuclear membrane.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed1983

Distribution of secretory component in non-cancerous human gastric mucosa.

Immunological detection of secretory component (SC) in non-cancerous human gastric mucosa was carried out by the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase (PAP) method using several fixatives. SC was detected in the generative zone or mucous neck of normal gastric mucosa without intestinal metaplasia (IM) and in absorptive cells of IM of the stomach. The deep part of complete type IM showed a larger amount of SC than the superficial part. These findings suggested that the appearance of SC in gastric mucosa would be relevant to the immunity of glandular epithelium. In addition, SC was also detected in pyloric gland cells in specimens fixed with cold 95% ethanol. From these results, SC was considered to be a normal constituent and one of the developmental proteins in the gastric mucosa.

Gastric Mucosa↗
PubMed1983

Relationship between the extent of the hypoperfused zone of the myocardium and the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation.

Ventricular fibrillation and subsequent death frequently occur so soon after coronary artery occlusion that infarct size cannot be determined; thus the systematic study of their relationship is impossible. Recently, however, a technique has been developed that permits the assessment, in vivo, of the extent of the myocardial hypoperfused zone (HZ). Accordingly, in 55 open-chest dogs, 99mTc-labeled (8 mCi) albumin microspheres (15 microns in diameter) were injected into the left atrium 1 minute after coronary artery occlusion. The zone of hypoperfusion was analyzed in 28 dogs that had ventricular fibrillation (group A) and 27 dogs that had no ventricular fibrillation (group B). In group B, the HZ was 26.3 +/- 1.7% of the left ventricle vs 31.6 +/- 1.3% of the left ventricle in group A (p less than 0.05), showing that ventricular fibrillation occurred in dogs with larger zones of hypoperfusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

A rapid separation of bovine brain S-100a and S-100b proteins and related conformation studies.

S-100 protein absorbs to the calmodulin antagonist W-7 coupled to epoxy-activated Sepharose 6B in the presence of Ca2+ and is eluted by ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid buffer. S-100a and S-100b were separated and isolated by Ca2+-dependent affinity chromatography on W-7 Sepharose. The Ca2+-induced conformational changes of S-100a and S-100b were examined using circular dichroism, ultraviolet difference spectra, and a fluorescence probe. Differences in Ca2+-dependent conformational changes between S-100a and S-100b became apparent. Circular dichroism studies revealed that both S-100a and S-100b undergo a conformational change upon binding of Ca2+ in the aromatic and far-uv range. In the presence or absence of Ca2+, the aromatic CD spectrum of S-100a differed completely from that of S-100b, possibly due to the single tryptophan residue of S-100a. Far-uv studies indicate that alpha-helical contents of both S-100a and S-100b decreased with addition of Ca2+. Ca2+-induced conformational changes of S-100a and S-100b were also detected by uv difference spectra. The spectrum of S-100a also differed from that of S-100b. Fluorescence studies using 2-p-toluidinylnaphthalene-6-sulfonate (TNS), a hydrophobic probe for protein, revealed a slight difference in conformational changes of these two components. The interaction of TNS and S-100b was observed with concentrations above 3 microM Ca2+; on the other hand, S-100a required concentrations above 8 microM. This finding was supported by the difference in the binding affinities of S-100a and S-100b to the W-7 (N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide)-Sepharose column; both S-100a and S-100b bound the column in the presence of Ca2+ but S-100a was eluted prior to S-100b. These results suggest that S-100a and S-100b differ in their dependence on Ca2+ and that the affinity-chromatographic separation of S-100a from S-100b on the W-7-Sepharose column makes feasible a rapid purification of these two components.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1983

Electron microscopic study on the structures formed by mixtures containing synthetic glyceroglycolipids.

Structures of aqueous dispersions prepared from monoglycosyldiglycerides and from mixtures of monoglycosyldiglyceride and phosphatidylcholine were studied by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. Aqueous dispersions of glucosyl or galactosyl dipalmitylglycerol formed lamellar structures when quenched both from below and above the gel-liquid crystalline phase transition temperature. With mixtures of monoglycosyl dipalmitylglycerol and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, tubular structures could be observed in the extended bilayer structures. Diglucosyl dipalmitylglycerols showed only a smooth fracture surface, however, when mixed with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. In the fractured face of dispersions composed of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine and glucosyl dipalmitylglycerol, particles having a diameter of 3-6 nm, instead of tubular structures, were observed, suggesting that the occurrence of tubular structure may depend on the fatty acid compositions of the mixtures. A mixture of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and galactosylceramide did not show any distinct tubular or globular structures on the fractured face. These findings indicate that structure in the polar group of molecules as well as structure in the non-polar group may be important for the formation of a non-bilayer, tubular structure.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1983

Properties of a Bacillus subtilis mutant able to sporulate continually during growth in synthetic medium.

Several mutants of Bacillus subtilis were isolated which sporulate continually during exponential growth in glucose medium. The spdA1 mutation, responsible for the continual sporulation of one of the mutants, mapped near thr. When an exponentially growing culture of a strain containing spdA1 was maintained at essentially constant turbidity, 5% of the viable cells contained heat-resistant spores. The continual sporulation depended on the stringent response since it was absent in spdA relA double mutants. Genetic and biochemical analysis indicated that the continual sporulation of spdA1 strains was associated with a lower specific activity of pyruvate carboxylase, which limited the rate of oxaloacetate synthesis from glucose via pyruvate and thereby the supply of compounds depending on the citrate cycle, especially aspartate. Therefore, the mild stringent response caused by the spdA1 mutation seems to result from a partial deficiency of aspartyl-tRNA which may exert its sporulation-initiating effect during a limited time interval in each growth cycle. A mutant blocked in fumarase activity (citG) behaved similarly. It grew only slowly in glucose medium because much of the limiting oxaloacetate was wasted for the excretion of fumarate. The mutant produced little aspartate and sporulated at a high frequency in glucose medium, even in the presence of glutamate; the sporulation was again prevented by aspartate or malate or by introduction of the relA marker into the strain.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1983

Dissociation of the site of origin from the site of cryo-termination of ventricular tachycardia.

We performed conventional electrogram mapping and cryomapping in dogs with one-week-old experimentally-induced myocardial infarctions and programmed stimulation-induced sustained ventricular tachycardias to assess whether there is a correlation between the "site of origin" and site of cryo-termination of ventricular tachycardia (VT). Electrogram maps showed that 4 of 8 induced sustained VTs were due to macro- and 4 of 8 to microre-entry. Local cooling of the site of origin terminated 4 of 4 microre-entrant VTs, but only 1 of 4 macrore-entrant VTs. In the other 3 macrore-entrant VTs, the sites of cryo-termination were 2, 2.5, and 4 cm distant from the sites of origin. In contrast, cooling of the mid-to-late diastolic portions of the re-entry loops terminated all 8 VTs. These data demonstrate a dissociation of the site of origin from the site of cryo-termination of macrore-entrant VT.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Purine salvage pathways of Bacillus subtilis and effect of guanine on growth of GMP reductase mutants.

We have isolated numerous mutants containing mutations in the salvage pathways of purine synthesis. The mutations cause deficiencies in adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (adeF), in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (guaF), in adenine deaminase (adeC), in inosine-guanosine phosphorylase, (guaP), and in GMP reductase (guaC). The physiological properties of mutants containing one or more of these mutations and corresponding enzyme measurements have been used to derive a metabolic chart of the purine salvage pathway of Bacillus subtilis.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1983

Specificity and control of uptake of purines and other compounds in Bacillus subtilis.

Certain nucleotides control adaptation to changing nutrition or differentiation (sporulation) resulting from a general nutritional deficiency. To maintain the adaptation or differentiation process, once it has started, it may have been important for cells to evolve several independent and metabolically controllable systems enabling the uptake and metabolism of various nucleic acid bases or nucleosides. We have analyzed the cellular reactions with these compounds by measuring both their effect on growth and their uptake in appropriately chosen auxotrophic and uptake mutants. We have found one uptake system for guanine and hypoxanthine, another one for guanosine and inosine, and three other systems for adenine, adenosine, and uracil. The uptake systems of guanine-hypoxanthine and guanosine-inosine are inhibited by the stringent response to amino acid deprivation (increase of guanosine 5'-diphosphate-3'-diphosphate), but they do not depend on the concentration of GTP, which decreases during sporulation. In contrast, the uptake of Ura depends on the presence of GTP, regardless of whether a GTP decrease was produced by the stringent response or otherwise. This was the only uptake system whose decrease was always correlated with the onset of sporulation. The uptake of other compounds, e.g., alpha-methylglucoside and alpha-aminoisobutyric acid, decreased under some, but not all, sporulation conditions.

Adenine↗
PubMed1983

De novo development of hypercholesterolemia and elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: apoprotein A-I ratio in patients with chronic renal failure following kidney transplantation.

Serum lipids, apoprotein and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activities were studied in 27 renal transplant recipients with stable and normal renal function (serum creatinine 0.16 mM/l or less) sustained for more than 1 year following grafting. Hypertriglyceridemia, which was characteristic of hyperlipidemia in 18 hemodialyzed patients with chronic renal failure, was no longer manifest in transplant recipients. On the other hand, de novo hypercholesterolemia was observed posttransplant with mean serum levels of 5.82 +/- 1.34 versus 5.01 +/- 0.88 mM/l in 575 normal controls. As to the high-density lipoprotein metabolism, the cholesterol content (1.72 +/- 0.56 mM/l) was significantly higher in transplant patients than in hemodialyzed patients (0.82 +/- 0.31 mM/l). In contrast, no variation in apoprotein A-I levels was found between both groups of patients, which produced an elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol:apoprotein A-I ratio. Thus, derangement in the serum lipid profile, although qualitatively different, continued to be present following transplantation, and its relevance to the cardiovascular morbidity in these patients remains to be evaluated.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Localization and mechanism of ventricular tachycardia by ice mapping 1 week after the onset of myocardial infarction in dogs.

We developed a new technique of "ice mapping" to localize the site of termination of ventricular tachycardia in dogs 4 to 8 days after the onset of myocardial infarction. During programmed stimulation-induced ventricular tachycardia, the epicardium was mapped by moving an ice probe with a 1 cm tip over the infarct, lateral border, and normal areas. In 31 of 46 morphologically distinct sustained ventricular tachycardias, a specific area could be found that reproducibly terminated ventricular tachycardia. During ventricular tachycardia, bridging or late diastolic electrical activity was recorded from ice termination sites. In vitro microelectrode studies of 10 ice termination sites revealed slow conduction, but no spontaneous or triggered automaticity or delayed afterdepolarizations. Conduction slowed to complete block when the Tyrode perfusate was cooled from 37 degrees to 27 degrees C. We conclude that ice mapping can physiologically localize a site responsible for maintenance of ventricular tachycardia by termination of the arrhythmia, and that the presence of bridging or late diastolic electrical activity, slow conduction with cooling-induced block, and absence of spontaneous or triggered automaticity or delayed afterdepolarizations suggest that local cooling terminates ventricular tachycardia by slowing or blocking conduction in a reentrant loop.

Action Potentials↗