Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to T Endo.
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Experiments were conducted with a view to studying how the factors on the side of the mouse would affect the toxicity of cadmium (Cd) in the acute exposure to it. The factors studied were strain, sex, age in days and the interaction among these. So far these factors have been studied independently. But it is suspected that they are affecting each other, so a simultaneous exploration was attempted in the present study as to the effects of these factors on the Cd accumulation in various organs. The results obtained were as follows: LD50 in acute Cd poisoning tended to be higher in C57BL/6 than in CF#1. Between the sexes it was higher in males than in females. As for the age of the mouse, the LD50 was higher in those aged 40 days and 80 days than in those 20-day- and 150-day-old. Changes in the body weight in acute Cd poisoning were analyzed by obtaining the variance for each factor. As a result a significant difference in the body weight change was revealed between the sexes, strains and ages of the animals and it was indicated that these factors modified the body weight changes in Cd poisoning. Cd concentration in the liver significantly differed among the strains and age groups. In the kidney the Cd concentration had a significant difference among the strains, sexes, ages in days, and interaction between the strain and age, suggesting that these factors might affect the Cd accumulation in the organs. The rate of Cd accumulated against the amount administered (accumulation rate) was studied in each of the organs. In the liver the accumulation rate was significantly affected by the age in days, and the interactions between strain and sex, strain and age, and sex and age, indicating that the modification occurred chiefly through the interactions among the factors. In the kidney the difference in the accumulation rate was attributed to strain, sex, and age in days, indicating that these factors affected the accumulation independently. From these results it was suggested that such factors as strain, sex and age in days affected directly or indirectly the manifestation of toxicity and accumulation of cadmium in the various organs to different degrees.
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Early malignant lymphoma is rare and cases with scattering over the whole stomach are extremely rare. Malignant lymphoma is frequently accompanied by R.L.H. or multiple malignant lymphoma. In our case, some lesions were difficult to distinguish from reactive lesions because cellular atypia was of a low grade. As preoperative radiograpic and endoscopic examination had suggested the lesions to be widespread, the surgical stump was carefully inspected to avoid leaving malignant cells. We discuss the surgical treatment of malignant lymphoma of the stomach.
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Pericardial metastases are frequently found and often cause cardiac tamponade which requires emergency treatment. Pericardiocentesis or subxiphoid pericardiotomy and pericardial drainage can be performed; the latter is a safe and effective method for the management of continuous pericardial effusion since it can be done under direct visualization and local anesthesia. We had four patients with neoplastic cardiac tamponade who were treated successfully with subxiphoid pericardiotomy and pericardial drainage. In three of them neoplasms had not been found until cytology of pericardial fluid proved to be malignant when they were attacked by cardiac tamponade. If the patient with malignancy is attacked by cardiac tamponade, subxiphoid pericardiotomy and pericardial drainage should be performed considering neoplastic cardiac tamponade. We have described pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of neoplastic cardiac tamponade.
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Glycoasparagines obtained after exhaustive digestion by Pronase of purified ovalbumin were partially degraded by trifluoroacetic acid or subjected to Smith degradation. The partially degraded glycoasparagines thus obtained were first fractionated according to molecular size on Dowex 50W-X2 and then further fractionated by borate chromatography on a column of Sephadex A-25. For a mixture of glycoasparagines of similar molecular size, the latter procedure fractionates according to increasing content of mannosyl cis-2,3-diol. Ten fragment glycoasparagines have been prepared from ovalbumin glycoasparagines, and the structures determined by 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy and methylation analysis.
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To understand the role of omega-cyclohexyl fatty acid residue of lipids in acido-thermophilic bacterial membranes, three unusual phosphatidylcholines, 1, 2-di-11-cyclohexylundecanoyl-L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine (11CYPC), 1,2-di-13-cyclohexyltridecanoyl-L-alpha-phosphatidylcholine (13CYPc), and 1-13-cyclohexyltridecanoyl-2-11-cyclohexylundecanoyl-L-alpha- phosphatidylcholine (1-13CY-2-11CYPC) were prepared and the steady-state fluorescence anisotropy of 1, 6-diphenylhexatriene (DPH) in the hydrophobic domain of these liposomal bilayers was determined. Compared with the case of dipalmitoyl (DPPC) or dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC), introducing the omega-cyclohexyl moiety onto lecithins makes the bilayers fluid below the phase transition temperature, while immobilizes them above the phase transition temperatures. The properties of the unusual phosphatidylcholine liposomes suggested by the steady-state fluorescence anisotropy investigation were in good agreement with those obtained from the thermotropic and permeability investigations. Results obtained are discussed from the view point of the role and function of lipid membranes of acido-thermophilic bacteria which contain unusual fatty acids.
The 270-MHz proton NMR spectra of toxin B, a long neurotoxin from Naja naja, in 2H2O solution were analyzed. From the analysis of the discontinuous pH dependence of His-21 C-2 proton chemical shift a 23 degrees C, toxin B is found to exhibit a slow-exchange conformational transition between the states A and B with the transition midpoint at pH 5.75. Separate peaks due to the states A and B were also observed for His-21 C-4 proton, Tyr-25 ring protons, phenylalanine ring protons and two C-alpha protons. This local conformational transition as induced by the protonation of His-21 residue is further confirmed by the measurement of the pH dependence of circular dichroism. In state A, the pKa value of His-21 is 6.6-6.9, indicating that His-21 residue is not significantly perturbed. The His-21 residue in state B is accessible to solvent, as found by the analysis of hydrogen leads to deuterium exchange rate. The low pKa value (4.6-4.9) of His-21 in stat B is probably due to the formation of a hydrogen bond of the imidazole ring. The conformational transition rate at 23 degrees C is obtained as 2.5 s-1 at the transition midpoint (pH 5.75), by the saturation transfer method. The conformational transition at 60 degrees C corresponds to a fast exchange case for the Tyr-25 ring proton resonances and to an intermediate exchange case for the His-21 C-2 and C-4 proton resonances. The transition rate at the midpoint is about 300 s-1 at 60 degrees C.