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Biomedical subjects

S Yachiku

Publications and source records attributed to S Yachiku.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Simple tests to determine urinary risk factors and calcium oxalate crystallization in the outpatient clinic.

We developed 2 simple and rapid tests for measurement of constituent concentrations and the stone-forming tendency of urine in the outpatient clinic. The concentrations of urinary constituents of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, uric acid and oxalic acid were measured using 2 types of simple colorimetric tests (vial and quantitative filter types). The intensity of the color developing after a given interval was compared with a color standard of 4 levels. The results obtained using the colorimetric test were slightly lower in value than but significantly correlated with those obtained with standard measurements. The second test measured the crystal-forming ability of urine. A 10 ml. urine sample was pipetted into 4 vials that each contained different concentrations of oxalic acid and calcium. After a given interval the turbidity in each vial was compared with a control (0 mg. oxalic acid and calcium). If turbidity occurred in urine with low concentrations of oxalic acid and calcium the sample had a large tendency for crystals to form.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1991

Characteristics and usage of different ureteral stent catheters.

Presuming that complications associated with ureteral stenting vary in type and occurrence depending on the material and cross-section of the stent, six types of stents immersed in 48 different preparations of artificial urine for 1 month to observe surface changes with a scanning electron microscope. As a result, there was less encrustation on the silicone material compared with other material types, probably due to the smoothness of the surface. This may be related with higher frequency of spontaneous removal or migration to the bladder of this catheter type. Because silicone catheters have softer and thicker walls with a narrow lumen, they may be appropriate for long-term stenting, but not for urinary drainage. In alkaline bacteriuria, struvite encrustation was observed on all stents. This reaction was especially intense with Towers peripheral stents, which had most irregular and uneven surfaces. In aseptic alkaline urine, calcium phosphate crystals partly covered with proteinaceous debris were noted on catheter surfaces. Although in some patients encrustation of uric acid occurred in the bladder portion of the stents, there was no uric acid encrustation in this experimental study.

Crystallization↗
PubMed1991

Automatic analysis of urethral electromyography for accurate diagnosis of voiding dysfunction.

An electromyogram contains much more information than observed in the gross pattern of an electromyogram simultaneously recorded with a cystometrogram. Being able to pick up some of the information would be helpful in the accurate diagnosis of ambiguous patients showing a discrepancy between clinical symptoms and laboratory data. This study analyzed electromyograms of the urethral and anal sphincter during the filling phase of the cystometrogram by means of automatic turns-amplitude analysis with a computer-assisted analyzer. In normal subjects, turns and amplitudes of an urethral electromyogram had increased frequency and size as the subjects felt a greater sensation of fullness. In patients with abnormal vesical function, the characteristics of the urethral electromyogram varied. Some of the patients with normal vesical activity and coordinated urethral sphincter, though their clinical symptoms strongly suggested neuropathic vesical dysfunction, showed a low frequency and low amplitude pattern of the urethral sphincter electromyogram. Anal sphincter electromyogram did not always show the same patterns as the urethral sphincter even in the normal subjects. The turns-amplitude analysis of urethral sphincter electromyogram will be of use for accurate diagnosis of vesical dysfunction.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1991

[Histochemical study of human external urethral sphincter].

Human external urethral sphincters (n = 13) were studied histochemically, using ATP-ase staining. The proportions of constituent muscle fiber types (slow twitch type 1 fibers: 35.6-97.7%, mean 65.7%, SD 16.6) were different among the individuals. There were no significant relationships between the percentage of type 1 fibers and the sex or the age. As for the mean muscle fiber diameter of 13 cases, the sizes of type 2 fibers (19.2-42.4 um, mean 27.8 um) were significantly (p less than 0.05, t-test) larger than those of type 1 fibers (15.7-30.3 um, mean 22.3 um). In analyses of individual cases, 10 male cases had significantly larger type 2 fibers than type 1. Two of 3 female cases had no significant difference in diameter between the two fiber types and the remaining 1 female case, in contrast with male cases, had significantly larger type 1 fibers than type 2. There was no significant relationship between the proportions and the diameters of constituent muscle fiber types. Our study thus showed extreme interindividual variation and implicated the presence of sexual difference in human external urethral sphincter muscle.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1991

[Ultrasonographic study on kidneys in patients with acute renal failure].

Ultrasonotomograms of 22 kidneys were obtained in 11 patients with renal-acute renal failure (renal-ARF). The underlying diseases of renal-ARF were acute tubular necrosis in 8 patients and acute on-set chronic glomerulonephritis in 3 patients. They were treated by hemodialysis in 10 patients and intermittent peritoneal dialysis in 1 patient. Ultrasonic measurement of the size of kidneys revealed that the thickness (anterior-posterior diameter) and the ratio of thickness to length (T/L) were greater in patients with ARF than in those with chronic renal failure and normal renal function. The patients with a low value of T/L (under 0.60) had a significantly greater urine volume than those with high a value of T/L (0.60 or more). The sonographic features of renal-ARF kidneys were marked increase in parenchymal echogenicity and appearance of hypoechoic swollen renal pyramids with sharpness of the corticomedullary border. In the course of ARF, these sonographic changes gradually disappeared when the patients had recovered from ARF. However, the prognosis was poor in patients with severer sonographic findings. We believe that repeated ultrasonic examination of the kidneys in patients with renal-ARF is useful for not only differential diagnosis of post-renal urinary obstruction but evaluating the course of ARF.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1991

[Percutaneous management of benign ureteroileal anastomotic strictures after ileal conduit urinary diversion].

We report our experience with the endourological treatment of 4 patients with 5 benign ureteroileal anastomotic strictures after ileal conduit urinary diversion. The treatment was successful in 4 of the 5 renal units without restenosis with a mean follow up of 10 months. The strictures were dilated by ureteral dilators and/or balloon dilation catheters using guide wires through percutaneous nephrostomies in an antegrade fashion. A 9 or 12 Fr. percutaneous splint catheter or a 12 Fr. double pig tail catheter was placed for 3-8 weeks after a successful dilation. Two renal units underwent repeated dilations. In 1 renal unit, a guide wire was hardly passed through the stricture and the treatment was unsuccessful. No serious complications were encountered. Percutaneous endourological managements of ureteroileal anastomotic strictures seemed to be quite versatile techniques which should be tried as the initial approach in many cases.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1991

[Continuous monitoring of penile rigidity and tumescence in Japanese without erectile dysfunction].

Continuous monitoring of penile rigidity and tumescence has been proved to be of use for accurate diagnosis of erectile impotence, since it provides objective recording of penile rigidity as well as circumferential expansion. Prior to clinical use of this procedure in Japan, a study was performed to clarify normal features of nocturnal penile tumescence of Japanese and to ensure safety of this procedure. The subjects consisted of 16 normal volunteers, aged from 24 to 44 years. With fully informed consent of the volunteers, nocturnal penile rigidity and circumferential expansion were simultaneously measured for three consecutive nights by means of RigiScan at the base of the penis (base) and at about five millimeters proximal to the coronary sulcus (tip). The minimum circumference of the penis was 62.7 +/- 4.6 mm (mean +/- SD) at the tip and 65.4 +/- 9.3 mm at the base. The maximum circumference, which meant full erection in the normal volunteers, was 102.5 +/- 14.2 mm at the tip and 108.6 +/- 14.7 mm at the base. The mean duration of tumescence, i.e. circumference expansion more than 10 mm, was 23.0 +/- 6.9 minutes at the tip and 38.3 +/- 12.0 minutes at the base. The mean rate of episodes of circumference expansion more than 10 mm was 0.75 +/- 0.27 per hour at the tip and 0.70 +/- 0.26 per hour at the base. The maximum rigidity lasting more than 10 minutes was 82.9 +/- 10.1% at the tip and 85.4 +/- 8.4% at the base.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[A case of Menkes' kinky hair disease with a renal calculus and diverticula of the bladder].

Menkes' kinky hair disease is a poor prognostic congenital disease with X-linked recessive inheritance. This disease is clinically characterized by seizures, friable hair, growth failure, mental retardation and others. Recently it has been known that this disease is also characterized by multiple diverticula of the bladder and other urological abnormalities. A 6-year-old boy was diagnosed as having Menkes' kinky hair disease at another hospital several weeks after birth because of seizures, friable hair and low serum copper level. He voided by Credé's maneuver by the nurse because he could not void for himself. He was referred to our hospital for macrohematuria and micturition pain on October 8, 1989. Right renal staghorn calculus and multiple diverticula of the bladder were found by roentgenographic examination. He has been treated conservatively after discharge because of his poor condition.

Child↗
PubMed1991

[Diagnosis of penile erectile dysfunction: simultaneous recording of nocturnal penile rigidity and circumferential expansion].

This paper briefly reviews diagnostic examinations for penile erectile dysfunction and mainly refers to a newly developed ambulatory system of RigiScan which enables simultaneous recording of penile circumferential expansion and rigidity, introducing the latest values of variables of penile tumescence and rigidity in the Japanese without erectile dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The proportions of fiber types in human external urethral sphincter: electrophoretic analysis of myosin.

The proportions of fast and slow myosin molecules in external urethral sphincter specimens from ten urodynamically normal male bladder carcinoma patients were estimated from the contents of fast and slow myosin light chains in two-dimensional electrophoretic gels. The percentages of fast and slow myosin molecules ranged from 5.0% to 61.4% with a mean of 35.5% and from 38.6% to 95.0% with a mean of 65.5% respectively. It is therefore concluded that the human external urethral sphincter is composed of both fast and slow muscle fibers as well as other voluntary muscles. The human external urethral sphincter is considered to be a highly fatigue-resistant muscle with a very high proportion of slow muscle fibers. In the cases studied so far, there is a great diversity in the proportions of fast and slow myosin molecules; the reason for this remains unknown.

Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional↗
PubMed1990

Leiomyoblastoma of the epididymis in a child.

A case of leiomyoblastoma of the epididymis in a 3-year-old boy is presented. Left high inguinal orchiectomy was performed. Light and electron microscopic examinations revealed a 3.5 X 2.3 X 1.5 cm. tumor continuous with the tail of the epididymis. The lesion proved to be a leiomyoblastoma of the epididymis. Leiomyoblastoma is a form of leiomyoma mainly composed of immature smooth muscle cells. The absence of keratin, epithelial membrane antigen and negative results by alcian blue stain indicated that there were no adenomatoid elements in the tumor.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1990

[Micturition and uroflowmetric analysis of adult females].

Voiding parameters on the Uroflow Diagnostic Interpretation (UDI) were analysed in relation to the voided volume in 58 micturitions of 36 healthy adult females. The maximum flow rate (Qmax) and the mean flow rate during central 90% of the voided volume (QM90) increased linearly up to the voided volume of 400 ml. The voiding time (T100) took a value within a certain range independently of the voided volume from 100 to 400 ml and never exceeded 21 seconds in all micturitions. Voiding time for the central 90% of the voided volume (T90), time to Qmax (TQmax) and time from Qmax to 95% of the voided volume (Tdesc) were independent of the volume voided. The maximum rate of increase of flow rate (dQ/dT max) and the estimated bladder wall contraction velocity at 40 ml bladder contents (dL/dT 40) showed a tendency to increase depending on the volume voided. T100 showed a prolongation in 84.0% of 25 micturitions in 20 neurogenic bladder patients and in 66.7% of 27 in 21 chronic cystitis patients, always accompanied by a prolongation of T90. No other parameters were clearly different between healthy women and patients and/or between the two groups of patients. Voiding time is a useful parameter representing female micturition.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Ultrasonographic study on kidneys in patients with chronic renal failure. Part I. Ultrasonic measurement of renal size and analysis of renal ultrasonotomograms].

Ultrasonograms of 546 kidneys were obtained in 280 patients undergoing chronic dialysis. Dialysed kidneys could be detected in 529 of the 546 kidneys (96.9%) by ultrasonic examination. The ultrasonic diagnoses on dialysed kidneys were contracted kidney in 313 kidneys (59.2%) and acquired cystic disease of the kidney in 107 kidneys (20.2%). Ultrasonic measurement of the size of kidney (length and thickness) revealed that the kidneys in patients with chronic renal failure were much smaller than normal ones. But the kidneys in patients undergoing dialysis for more than 8 years gradually increased in size with incidence of acquired renal cysts. The kidneys in patients with diabetic nephropathy were greater in length and thickness than those with chronic glomerulonephritis. Sonographic features of dialysed kidneys were unclear renal imaging, unidentified central echoes, cortico-medulla + border and increased parenchymal echogenicity. Irregularity of the renal contour had a tendency to increase in number with incidence of cysts in long-term dialysis patients. The ultrasonograms of the kidneys with diabetic nephropathy showed fewer changes than normal ones. No major complication of the kidney was detected in the present study. However, two retroperitoneal hematomas and one renal cell carcinoma developed within two years after this examination. We believe that regular screening of the kidneys by ultrasonic examination is mandatory in patients on chronic dialysis for early diagnosis and treatment of these complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Ultrasonographic study on kidneys in patients with chronic renal failure. Part II. Acquired cystic disease of the kidneys].

Ultrasonic examination of the kidney was performed on 280 patients undergoing chronic dialysis. Acquired cystic disease of the kidney (ACDK) was detected in 107 of 529 kidneys (20.2%). This paper presents an analysis of ultrasonotomograms of ACDK. Ultrasonic measurement of the size of ACDK was 72.5 +/- 15.2 mm in length and 41.7 +/- 9.8 mm in thickness. The size of ACDK was significantly greater than that of contracted kidneys by ultrasonographic diagnosis. With regard to sex distinction the length and thickness of ACDK were significantly greater in males than in females. As for laboratory data, patients with ACDK showed significantly higher values of red blood cell count, hematocrit and serum creatinine concentration compared with contracted kidneys. Prolongation of the dialysis peirod increased the incidence of ACDK. The size of ACDK showed a tendency to increase with duration of dialysis. However, no correlation was noted statistically between the incidence of ACDK and duration of dialysis and between the size of ACDK and duration of dialysis. There was a significantly lower incidence of ACDK in patients with diabetic nephropathy than those with chronic glomerulonephritis. A sonographic feature of ACDK is irregularity of the renal contour because of cystic transformation. Renal imaging, identification of the corticomedullary border, identification of the central echoes and increased parenchymal echogenicity were similar to other dialyzed kidneys. The main complications of ACDK are hemorrhage and tumor formation. We observed two retroperitoneal hematomas and one renal cell carcinoma developed within two years after this examination. The incidence of complications of ACDK was 5.1 per cent. We believe that patients with ACDK should be watched carefully by regular ultrasonic examination for early diagnosis and treatment of these complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[The changes of population and distribution of S-phase cells in precancerous lesions of rat bladder revealed by the method of bromodeoxyuridine labeling].

We studied whether bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeling method showing the population and/or distribution of S-phase cells in tumor tissues is useful to detect the precancerous lesions of bladder. The bladder lesions were induced by 0.05% N-butyl-N (4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) in drinking water for ten weeks in five male rats (Wistar-Imamichi). BrdU (50 mg/kg) was injected to intraperitoneal space two hours before the resection of the bladder. The detection of positive cells (S-phase cells taking BrdU) was performed by peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. From five bladder specimens 144 lesions (simple hyperplasia (S)-73, papillary or nodular hyperplasia (PN)-57, papilloma (Pa)-14) were analysed. The labeling index (the ratio of positive cells to all epithelial cells in one lesion) showed no significant difference among the lesions (S, PN, and Pa). For analyses of the distribution patterns of S-phase cells, we investigated whether positive cells aside from basal layers and/or the serial positive cells in basal layers were seen or not in each lesion. The ratios of lesions containing positive cells aside from basal layers were 11% (8/73), 60% (34/57) and 100% (14/14) in S, PN and Pa lesions. The serial positive cells in basal layers were observed in 6% (4/73), 25% (14/57) and 50% (7/14) of S, PN and Pa lesions. Those differences were statistically significant. Above mentioned results suggest that the appearance of S-phase cells aside from basal layers and/or the serial S-phase cells in basal layers is characteristic change in precancerous lesions, which is useful for sooner detection of bladder carcinogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Analysis of nocturnal penile tumescence with continuous monitoring of penile rigidity].

By continuous and simultaneous recording of nocturnal penile rigidity and circumferential expansion (tumescence), nocturnal penile rigidity and tumescence have been classified into 6 patterns: normal, dissociation, uncoupling, short episode, low amplitude and flat trace. The monitoring will be helpful to diagnose underlying disorders involving erectile impotence, if the pattern of nocturnal penile rigidity and tumescence are related with the disorders. This study analyzed the relationship between the pattern of nocturnal penile rigidity and tumescence and associated disorders in 105 patients with erectile impotence. Of 15 patients with central nervous system disorders, 9 (60%) had a pattern of short episode of rigidity. In 29 patients with cardiovascular disorders, the patterns of dissociation, low amplitude and flat trace were the main findings and observed in 41, 41, 35% of the group, respectively. No patients with diabetes mellitus showed normal pattern. Although the group of non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (21 patients) had various patterns of rigidity and tumescence, the insulin dependent group (14 patients) mainly showed patterns of low amplitude (21%) and/or flat trace (71%). The continuous and simultaneous monitoring of penile rigidity and tumescence will be helpful, with an integral analysis of its pattern and other examinations, for accurate diagnosis of underlying disorders of organic impotence, besides for differentiation of organic impotence from psychogenic one.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Urologic management of spinal cord injury by subarachnoid phenol block].

Subarachnoid phenol block was applied to four traumatic spinal cord injury patients who had been suffering from urinary incontinence caused by detrusor hyperreflexia. Two were females with complete thoracic cord injury, the others were males with incomplete cervical cord injury. In all patients, detrusor hyperreflexia and urinary incontinence disappeared after 0.3-0.6 ml injection of 10% phenol glycerin. Vesicoureteral reflux observed in three ureters of two patients disappeared or improved. Two obtained sufficient bladder capacity for urine storage, while the others who had been treated by continuous urine drainage for a long time prior to the block could not obtain sufficient bladder compliance. The cause seemed to be organization of the bladder wall.

Adolescent↗