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Biomedical subjects

S Wada

Publications and source records attributed to S Wada.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Short latency somatosensory evoked potentials in patients with syringomyelia].

Short latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) following median nerve and posterior tibial nerve stimulation were studied in six patients with syringomyelia. Three patients had Chiari malformations, two patients experienced fracture of the spine and one patient had a cauda equina ependymoma. SSEPs following median nerve stimulation were abnormal in all patients, of which five patients showed abnormal SSEPs only in the unilateral stimulation on the side of sensory deficits. SSEPs obtained from three out of eight upper extremities which showed no disturbance of deep sensation, were abnormal, so SSEPs were able to detect subclinical abnormality indicating dorsal column dysfunction. Abnormal patterns of SSEPs were classified in three types as follows; Type 1: disappearance of P13, N16 and N18 (3 cases), Type 2: the prolonged interpeak latency P11-P13 (2 cases), and Type 3: abnormal N16 and N18 with preserving P13 (1 case with Chiari malformation). P9 and P11 were present without prolonged latencies in all cases. SSEPs following posterior tibial nerve stimulation were abnormal in two of the three tested patients. Those two patients had disturbance of deep sensations in the lower extremities. All patients underwent surgical treatment, syringo-peritoneal shunt in four patients, foramen magnum decompression with syringo-subarachnoid shunt in one patient, and total removal of an ependymoma of the cauda equina with syringotomy in one patient. Postoperative neurological improvement were found in three patients, of which two cases also showed improvement in SSEPs. On the contrary SSEPs were unchanged in two patients with posttraumatic syringomyelia, whose postoperative neurological condition was also unchanged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Evolution of HBeAg/anti-HBe status and its relationship to clinical and histological outcome in chronic HBV carriers in childhood.

Fifty-five Japanese HBV carriers under 15 yr of age were followed for 12 months or longer, during which time we investigated the evolution of HBeAg/anti-HBe status and clinical and histological aspects of the liver disease. Of 45 cases positive for HBeAg at the initial examination, 34 remained positive for HBeAg during the follow-up periods, while the remaining 11 lost HBeAg and eight of these seroconverted to anti-HBe. At the final observation, HBeAg positivity in serum was found in as many as approximately 90% of the HBV carriers under 6 yr, but had fallen to 48% in carriers between 12 and 15 yr. The serum transaminase values in 11 cases who lost HBeAg were abnormally elevated for variable periods, but eventually returned to normal. In six of these 11 who had liver dysfunctions, liver biopsy was performed during the HBeAg positive phase or shortly after the disappearance of HBeAg. The histologies of liver were chronic persistent hepatitis in two cases and chronic active hepatitis in four. Repeat liver biopsies of two cases with chronic active hepatitis at the first examination showed nonspecific reactive hepatitis 2 and 4 yr after seroconversion or disappearance of HBeAg. These results indicate that HBeAg-positive HBV carriers with overt liver dysfunctions in childhood are prone to lose HBeAg or to seroconvert to anti-HBe, followed by a marked histological regression, and therefore that special antiviral therapy is probably unnecessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Effect of age on the modification of rat plasma lipids by fish and soybean oil diets.

The effects of sardine and soybean oils on plasma lipids have been studied in young and aged rats. Plasma cholesterol and bile acids of aged rats fed on a sardine oil diet decreased to a greater degree than those of young rats. Cholesterol, bile acids and phospholipids of the soybean oil diet group decreased only in aged rats. Increases in plasma eicosapentaenoic (sardine) and linoleic (soybean) acid levels of aged rats were observed to be greater than those of young rats. These results indicate that the age enhances the effects of fish and soybean oils on plasma lipids by suppressing their characteristic fatty acid metabolism.

Aging↗
PubMed1985

Identification of 3-(O-beta-Glucosyl)-2-Indolone-3-Acetylaspartic Acid as a New Indole-3-Acetic Acid Metabolite in Vicia Seedlings.

A new indole-3-acetic acid metabolite was isolated from broad bean (Vicia faba L. cv Chukyo) seedlings. It was a conjugate of dioxindole-3-acetic acid, aspartic acid, and glucose and was identified as 3-(O-beta-glucosyl)-2-indolone-3-acetylaspartic acid (molecular weight 484) from ultraviolet, infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectra. Its natural content in 4-day-old Vicia seedlings was estimated to be 8.6 nanomoles per gram fresh weight. It was suggested that oxidation of indole-3-acetic acid not accompanied by decarboxylation might regulate endogenous level of the hormone.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

[Effect of calcium antagonist (diltiazem) on left ventricular diastolic properties in essential hypertension: a pulsed Doppler echocardiographic study].

To evaluate the acute effect of diltiazem on left ventricular diastolic properties, we measured transmitral flow in 15 patients with essential hypertension using pulsed Doppler techniques. Before administering diltiazem, the peak velocity (R) and the deceleration rate of rapid inflow decreased significantly as compared with healthy subjects, but the peak velocity during atrial contraction (A) and the A/R increased significantly. Immediately after the intravenous administration of 10 mg diltiazem, blood pressure decreased from 157 +/- 22/96 +/- 12 mmHg to 135 +/- 19/82 +/- 11 mmHg (p less than 0.001) and the heart rate increased from 69 +/- 10/min to 74 +/- 10/min (p less than 0.05). However, 30 minutes after the injection, these returned to control values. The peak velocity and deceleration rate of rapid inflow were 52 +/- 9 cm/sec and 227 +/- 65 cm/sec2, respectively, before administering diltiazem, and five minutes after injection, these parameters increased to 63 +/- 13 cm/sec (p less than 0.001) and 292 +/- 82 cm/sec2 (p less than 0.001), respectively. Thirty minutes later, these values leveled off at 58 +/- 12 cm/sec (p less than 0.01) and 257 +/- 76 cm/sec2 (p less than 0.05), respectively. The peak velocity during atrial contraction was 67 +/- 12 cm/sec before administration, and this did not change significantly after injecting diltiazem. Significant increases in peak velocity and deceleration rate of rapid inflow and decreases in the A/R continued after the blood pressure and heart rate returned to control values. It was therefore concluded that diltiazem improves impaired early diastolic left ventricular filling in essential hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Thymus lymphocytes in rats during induction of bladder tumors and effects of thymosin fraction 5 in vitro.

Bladder tumors were induced in Wistar rats by oral administration of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine [(BBN) CAS: 3817-11-6], after which changes in bladder mucous membranes and in the response of thymus lymphocytes to concanavalin A (Con A) were studied. The response of thymus lymphocytes to Con A began to decrease from the 8th week after BBN administration, with changes such as hypertrophy or vascular formation in the bladder membrane. The response decreased markedly from the 15th week, when the tumors became visible. At about the 20th week, approximately 95% of the rats had bladder tumors. When thymus lymphocytes were pretreated with thymosin fraction 5 extracted from calf thymus, the response to Con A improved between the 8th and 20th weeks. When the thymus small-lymphocyte population was separated into lighter, intermediate, and heavier subpopulations by discontinuous density gradient centrifugation and an adhesion column, the effect of thymosin fraction 5 was much greater in the lighter subpopulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Origin of component N16 in short latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) to median nerve stimulation--correlation between component N16 and thalamus].

Short latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) to median nerve stimulation consists of four main subcortical components, namely P 9, P 11, P 13 and N 16 which appears before cortial N 18. However, the origin of component N 16 is a subject of controversy. In an attempt to learn about the generator source(s) of component N 16, SSEP was recorded from 25 patients with various focal lesions of the brain stem and/or thalamus, and abnormalities of the each potential was correlated to the clinically and radiologically defined site of the lesions. Furthermore, the effects of the different frequency in stimulation were also investigated in 6 normal subjects, because latency changes of each component might contribute to the understanding of the generation. Recordings were obtained from 13 patients with brain stem lesion which included 3 cases with pontine hemorrhage, 3 cases with pontine tumor, 3 cases with cerebello-pontine angle tumor, one case of pontine angioma, one case of chordoma, one case of tentorial tumor and one case of MLF syndrome. SSEP changes in these cases were classified into four types as follows: type 1: no response over the base line was recorded, type 2; some responses over the base line were recorded but N 16 was uncertain, type 3; component N 16 was clearly identified but its latency was significantly prolonged, type 4; component N 16 was divided into two peaks. Bilateral abnormality on SSEP with splitted combination of these four types in various degree was observed. Furthermore, these SSEP abnormalities were seen even in the some cases without sensory disturbance. On the other hand, component N 16 was clearly identified in all 12 patients with thalamic lesion which included 11 cases with thalamic hemorrhage and one case with thalamic tumor on the effected side. Comparison of latency and amplitude between normal side and affected side statistically showed no laterality of components P 9, P 11 and P 13, but a tendency of delay in latency of component N 16 on the affected side. Different stimulus repetition rate revealed some other characteristics of each component. Electrical stimuli to median nerve at the wrist were delivered at rates of 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24 and 27 Hz. Latencies of components P 9, P 11, P 13, N 16 in Fro.-Cv 7 lead and component N 18 in Par.-Erb lead were measured and all latency changes were calculated relative to the 3 Hz stimulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Epidemiology of sporadic acute non-A, non-B hepatitis in Japan: a comparison with hepatitis A and B.

Two hundred fifty-eight patients with clinically and serologically proven sporadic acute viral hepatitis during a period of past 7 years (January 1976-December 1982) were analyzed regarding epidemiology and outcome. The frequency of non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis was the highest among the three categories of viral hepatitis; 118 patients had hepatitis NANB (46%), 70 hepatitis A (27%), and 70 hepatitis B (27%). In NANB hepatitis, the mean age was older than in other categories of hepatitis and both sexes were equally affected, in contrast to the male predominance in types A and B. Chronic liver disease developed in 32% of patients with NANB hepatitis, but in none of patients with hepatitis type A or B. These results suggest that in Japan the infectious sources of hepatitis NANB virus(es) are more prevalent than those of hepatitis A and B viruses, and also suggest that one of the possible important factors for the high tendency to chronicity may be concerned with intimate contact with, or evolution from, asymptomatic NANB virus carriers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Rapid assay of N-butyl-N-(3-carboxypropyl)nitrosamine in rat organs and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography after derivatization.

The concentration of N-butyl-N-(3-carboxypropyl)nitrosamine (BCPN), which is the major metabolite of the carcinogen N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN), was measured in the urine, thymus, liver, kidney, and bladder of rats orally administered with BBN. Since BCPN is a carboxylic acid, it forms an ester with 9-anthryldiazomethane (ADAM), which is a fluorescent labeling agent highly sensitive to carboxylic acids. Thus, BCPN and ADAM were reacted at 40 degrees for 1 hr, and the resulting ester was separated and measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a reverse-phase type column. The range of measurement was 0 to 40 micrograms/ml, and the coefficient of variation (CV) was 3.8%. When 0.025% BBN was given orally to rats in tap water, the BCPN concentration in the urine was very high at 220 micrograms/ml, while it was 0.15 microgram/100 mg in the wet tissues of the thymus, 0.35 microgram/100 mg in the liver, 0.40 microgram/100 mg in the kidney, and 1.2 microgram/100 mg in the bladder. The BCPN concentration in the bladder, in which tumors are induced by the administration of BBN, was thus higher than those in the other organs.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Clinical effectiveness of pipemidic acid on gonorrhoeal urethritis].

Twenty cases of gonorrhoeal urethritis were orally treated with pipemidic acid (PPA). The results are as follows. The clinical effect of PPA was excellent in 9 cases and good in 6 cases, the efficacy rate being 75%. The usefulness of PPA was satisfactory in 12 cases (60%). No side effects were observed. The minimal inhibitory concentrations against 14 isolated Neisseria gonorrhoeal strains ranged from 0.78 to 3.13 micrograms/ml with a median value of 1.56 micrograms/ml. A beta-lactamase-producing strain was observed among the 14 strains and the case infected by this strain was successfully treated with PPA. These results indicate that PPA is a useful drug for the treatment of gonorrhoeal urethritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Study of the local use of amikacin].

Amikacin sulfate (AMK) was used against urinary tract infections (UTI) as local administration such as bladder lavage, renal pelvic lavage and vesical instillation. Forty four patients with UTI were treated by this method, 32 patients having Foley catheter indwelling in the bladder and 12 patients having drainage catheter indwelling in the renal pelvis. The overall clinical effect under UTI judgment was 3 excellent cases, 24 good, 11 fair and 6 poor, with an efficiency of 61.4%. A total of 100 bacteria, 47 gram positive, 33 gram negative, 6 anaerobes and 14 fungi, were found in the urine and bacteriological effect was 68.8% and 57.1% in single and combined bacterial infection, respectively. The serum concentration of AMK was measured in 9 patients by radioimmunoassay, and the maximum concentration was 0.38 micrograms/ml which is a low absorption rate. There were no adverse reactions during or after treatment with AMK.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Origin of the early components of somatosensory evoked potentials by the posterior tibial nerve stimulation--a comparative study of median nerve stimulation in clinical cases].

In order to determine the generation sites of short latency somatosensory evoked potentials to the posterior tibial nerve stimulation, scalp topography was performed on 10 normal subjects in the two different band-pass recordings, i.e., wide band-pass filter (5-3000 Hz) and narrow band-pass filter (100-1000 Hz). Furthermore, comparative study of the changes of evoked potentials between posterior tibial nerve stimulation and median nerve stimulation was carried out in 22 cases with well localized lesion of the central nervous system in the same wide band-pass filter setting. The early components of somatosensory evoked potentials elicited by the posterior tibial nerve stimulation were obtained as P 30, N 34, and P 38 in the wide band-pass filter, and P 29, N 32, P 36 in the narrow band-pass filter. Components P 30, N 34 and components P 29, N 32 were widely distributed on the scalp, but were disappeared on the scalp-scalp recording. These results suggested all those components were generated from the deep subcortical structures. In the case with high cervical lesion, component P 30 at the posterior tibial nerve stimulation was remarkably prolonged in latency, and component P 13 at the median nerve stimulation was disappeared. P 30-N 34 interpeak latency at the posterior tibial nerve stimulation was prolonged in the case with pontine lesion, while P 13-N 16 interpeak latency at the median nerve stimulation was also prolonged. In the cases with thalamic and internal capsular lesion, P 30 and N 34 at the posterior tibial nerve stimulation and P 13 and N 16 at the median nerve stimulation were all preserved in normal range. These results revealed that components P 30 and N 34 were almost identical to components P 13 and N 16, respectively. On the other hand, component P 38 at the posterior tibial nerve stimulation was suppressed or disappeared in the cases with well localized lesion at the midcentro parietal region, that includes the primary foot sensory area.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Bilateral complete deafness following head injury in a child].

A case of head injury is reported because it presented such an unusual symptom as sudden, bilateral complete deafness. An 11-year-old boy was involved in a traffic accident while riding on a bicycle. He was admitted immediately after the accident in semicomatose state. The pupils were isocoric and pupillary light reflex was normal. Conjugate deviation to the right was seen. Oculo-cephalic response was absent. X-rays of his skull showed two linear fractures in the occipital bone. CT scan of the head showed symmetrical ventricular dilatation which was suspected to be a sequela of asphyxia at his birth although there was no obvious finding of cerebral contusion. His mental and physical development had been uneventful. One week after admission, his consciousness improved to some extent and at that time right hemiparesis and right infranuclear facial palsy were revealed. One month after the accident, he became alert and able to eat and to read the books on the bed, and then bilateral deafness was noticed. Audiometry showed that hearing was lost completely to both high and low notes, and there was absence of bone conduction bilaterally. Auditory brainstem response test revealed no response from wave I through wave V bilaterally. Right hemiparesis and right infranuclear facial palsy completely subsided and his mental and intellectual state became normal. He was discharged ambulatorily in good condition except for bilateral complete deafness. Now he is leading a useful life and attending a prefectural deaf and mute school.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Audiometry↗
PubMed1984

Ultrastructural localization of acid phosphatase activity in plasma cells containing Russell's bodies in periodontitis.

Acid phosphatase activity was examined ultracytochemically in gingival specimens to elucidate the response of plasma cells to Russell's bodies. The acid phosphatase activity was discernible in lysosomes of various morphology, some of which contained Russell's bodies. The acid phosphatase activity was stronger in the peripheries of such lysosomes, but weak activity was also found inside Russell's bodies. These findings indicated that at least some of Russell's bodies formed within the plasma cells were degraded in autophagolysosomes.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1984

[Pre-ejection flow in the left ventricular outflow tract elucidated by pulsed Doppler technique].

Pulsed Doppler technique has elucidated the blood flow towards the cardiac base in the left ventricular (LV) outflow tract prior to onset of ejection flow. This pre-ejection flow (PE flow) is observed immediately after the beginning of atrial contraction and it lasts until immediately after completion of mitral closure. This study was designed to clarify the mechanism and physiological significance of PE flow by investigating the temporal relationship between PE flow and cardiac dynamics and by examining its velocity distribution in the LV outflow tract. Observations were made for 21 healthy subjects (H), 12 patients with atrial fibrillation (Af), three with first degree AV block and two with second degree AV block of the Wenckebach type. A Doppler-Echocardiograph (Hitachi Medico EUB-10B) was used, and PE flow was detected in all subjects. The Doppler frequency, which corresponded to blood flow velocity, increased when the sampling site was near the tip of the anterior mitral valve leaflet as opposed to the upper portion of the LV outflow tract. Results of the temporal analysis of PE flow were as follows: The PE flow pattern was monophasic both in H and patients with Af. Its peak appeared 0.18 +/- 0.05 (mean +/- SD) sec after the beginning of the P wave and 0.02 +/- 0.02 sec after the Q wave in H, but 0.06 +/- 0.01 sec after the Q wave in Af. In first degree AV block, the PE flow consisted of two peaks. The interval between the first PE flow peak and the beginning of the P wave was constant and nearly 0.2 sec apart. It was nearly the same as in H. The second peak occurred 0.05 sec after the Q wave as in Af. In second degree AV block of the Wenckebach type, the first peak occurred at constant interval following the P wave, while the second peak related to left ventricular contraction and disappeared when an atrial contraction failed to initiate a ventricular response. These findings indicate that PE flow consists of two components with different mechanisms. 1) The first component is caused by the atrial blood inflow turning up from the apex towards the cardiac base. This flow component may participate in closure of the anterior mitral leaflet. 2) The second component consists of a rise in LV pressure due to LV contraction, and achieves complete closure of the mitral leaflets. We conclude that PE flow with its atrial and ventricular components contributes to closure of the mitral leaflets.

Aged↗