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Biomedical subjects

S Tyano

Publications and source records attributed to S Tyano.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Humoral-endorphin blood levels in autistic, schizophrenic and healthy subjects.

Basal morning humoral (H)-endorphin blood levels were assessed in ten autistic patients, 12 chronic schizophrenic patients and 11 healthy control subjects. Four autistic patients and four schizophrenic patients were drug free for at least 6 months while all other psychiatric patients were under treatment with antidopaminergic agents. Significantly reduced opioid levels were observed in the autistic group (827 +/- 103 vs 1121 +/- 75 pg-eq/ml, P less than 0.025), although the difference was actually only 26% of the control mean. A similar tendency toward low H-endorphin levels was also observed in the schizophrenic patients; however this difference was not significant (919 +/- 129 vs 1121 +/- 75 pg-eq/ml; NS). No significant difference was obtained between subjects suffering from the two psychiatric disorders (827 +/- 103 vs 919 +/- 129 pg-eq/ml; NS). Various interpretations of the decreased secretion of H-endorphin are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

High dose diazepam treatment and its effect on prolactin secretion in adolescent schizophrenic patients.

Thirteen acute schizophrenic patients aged 14-18 years were treated with gradually increasing doses of diazepam to a maximum of 100-400 mg/day/p.o. with a total duration of treatment of 4 weeks. The clinical antipsychotic effect was evaluated by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), while the impact on the hypothalamic hypophyseal pathway was evaluated by monitoring the serum prolactin levels (SPL) determined by a highly sensitive homologous radioimmunoassay (RIA). High diazepam doses (100-400 mg/day) caused sedation but no clinical antipsychotic effect was observed. Diazepam treatment with doses up to 250 mg/day caused no significant rise in SPL, while the treatment with doses of higher than 250 mg/day resulted in a mild but still significant increase in SPL. The clinical and laboratory data suggest that diazepam has no direct antidopaminergic activity. The mild hyperprolactinemia achieved with the extremely high doses of diazepam (greater than 250 mg/day) is possibly due to activation of the GABA system which stimulates prolactin release directly or by inhibiting the dopaminergic neurons or alternatively to activation of the endorphinergic system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Severe obsessive compulsive disorder in adolescence: a report of eight cases.

The treatment and clinical features of eight adolescents with obsessive compulsive disorder severe enough to warrant hospitalization are described. Attempts to use behaviour therapy failed, due to lack of co-operation from the patients. Nevertheless, response to non-specific psychotherapy and milieu therapy was surprisingly good. These observations are somewhat different from those reported in previous literature. The reasons for this difference are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

High-affinity 3H-imipramine binding in platelets of children and adolescents with major affective disorders.

High-affinity 3H-imipramine binding to platelet membranes was evaluated in 12 untreated children and adolescents aged 11-17 years who met the DSM-III criteria for major affective disorders. The affective patients were compared to 13 nonaffective subjects and 15 normal controls of similar ages. No significant difference in the maximal binding of 3H-imipramine (Bmax) and Kd values could be found among the three groups. 3H-Imipramine binding values failed to discriminate between patients with major depression and those with bipolar disorder, depressed type. No association between a positive family history of major affective disorders and 3H-imipramine binding values was detected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Basal plasma HGH and cortisol levels and the effect of clonidine administration in female migrainous patients.

Clonidine, a central alpha-adrenergic agent and prophylactic antimigraine drug is known to stimulate human growth hormone (HGH) release and to suppress cortisol secretion. A possible association between basal hormonal levels and response to either acute clonidine test or chronic treatment in female migrainous patients was investigated. 15 females, aged 18-43 years, suffering from migraine, underwent an acute clonidine test by administration of a single oral dose of 0.15 mg. High basal HGH levels (greater than or equal to 9 ng/ml) were observed in 6 patients, while the other 9 patients demonstrated normal low basal HGH levels. Acute clonidine administration induced a marked rise of HGH in 8 of the 9 patients with low basal HGH. In 4 of the 8 responders HGH levels exceeded 20 ng/ml and 3 subjects reached the acromegalic range (greater than 90 ng/ml). The mean response in this group was higher than in a reference group consisting of children and adolescents. It is suggested that the basal hypersecretion and the hyperresponsiveness of HGH to clonidine provocation test in some migrainous patients results from a hypersensitivity of the central alpha-adrenergic receptors. 12 of the 15 females were treated for 10 weeks with clonidine at gradually increased doses of 0.05 mg/day up to a maximal dose of 0.15 mg/day. A marked suppressive effect on cortisol secretion was observed in the migrainous patients after acute and chronic administration of clonidine. No correlation was observed between HGH and cortisol response to acute or chronic clonidine administration and the prophylactic effect of clonidine on migraine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Internal body image of the brain.

We show that there is a body image of an internal organ--the brain. Using questionnaires and drawings to compare three groups--healthy subjects, acutely ill and chronic patients (with a brain disease)--we demonstrate that there is constant body image, which is very little influenced by brain disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Effect of chlorpromazine on hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal function in 10 adolescent schizophrenic boys.

Low basal plasma testosterone levels with normal response to human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) stimulation and mild hyperprolactinemia and blunted luteinizing hormone (LH) response to luteinizing-releasing hormone (LRH) stimulation were found in 10 adolescent schizophrenic boys who had been treated with chlorpromazine for more than 6 months. These findings may indicate a disturbance of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal function in these patients, probably due to the prolonged administration of chlorpromazine. It remains to be established whether the decrease in basal testosterone secretion is caused directly by chlorpromazine or secondarily by the drug-induced hyperprolactinemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Behavioral and psychodynamic approaches to milieu therapy in an adolescent day hospital.

The day-hospital concept had its beginning in the 1930s and has gained greater impact in recent years because of changes in public-health policy and in traditional psychiatric attitudes. The main therapeutic medium of day hospitals is based on an original concept combining treatment and readaptation in a specially designed therapeutic milieu. A therapeutic milieu is built according to a given theoretical approach. At the Geha Psychiatric Hospital in Petah Tiqva, Israel, the day-care department for adolescents is built according to a combination of the behaviorist and psychoanalytical approaches.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Side Effects and toxicity of lithium.

Although lithium remains the most specific treatment for bipolar affective disorder, it should be cautiously prescribed and used only when clinically indicated. The main indications for lithium are the manic phase of bipolar affective disorder and prophylaxis of both manic and depressive episodes. Lowering serum lithium levels will markedly reduce the incidence of side effects, and patients should be maintained at the lowest possible serum level. The serum level may be as low as 0.4 mEq/L and as high as 1.5 mEq/L, depending on the clinical response of the patient and the presence of side effects. The most controversial areas are the possibility of renal toxicity and the concomitant use of lithium with neuroleptics, especially haloperidol.

Antipsychotic Agents↗