Biomedical subjects

S Tsugane

Publications and source records attributed to S Tsugane.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources

PubMed1990

Cancer mortality among Japanese residents of the city of São Paulo, Brazil.

Death certificates of Japanese residents of the city of São Paulo, Brazil from 1979 to 1981 were analyzed for cancer deaths by means of the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and the standardized proportional mortality ratio (SPMR). Compared with residents of Japan, a significantly higher SMR value was obtained from Japan-born residents of São Paulo for prostate cancer, whereas lower values were obtained for cancer of the liver and gall-bladder in both sexes, of the esophagus and rectum in males, and of the lung in females. SMR values were higher for cancer of the stomach in both sexes but lower for those of the esophagus and prostate in males and of the gall-bladder and breast in females, when compared with the general population of São Paulo. Among Japan- and Brazil-born residents, stomach cancer in women revealed a significant stepwise decrease by generation when SPMR was used as an indicator. The high proportion of stomach cancer in males, however, was as high among the Brazil-born generation as in Japan. The SPMR of liver cancer decreased to the low level of the general population of São Paulo, even among the first generation. These changes in cancer patterns are discussed in relation to those among Japanese residents in the United States.

Brazil↗

PubMed1990

Cancer incidence rates among Japanese immigrants in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, 1969-78.

Cancer incidence rates among first-generation Japanese immigrants in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, were estimated from the data of the São Paulo Cancer Registry during the years 1969 to 1978. From all registered cases, 2,179 cancer cases of Japan-born residents (1,288 males, 891 females) were selected and age-specific and summary age-adjusted incidence rates (AAIR) were calculated for the selected sites of cancer. The AAIR for all sites except non-melanoma skin cancer was 195.2 per 100,000 population (95 percent confidence interval: 176.4-214.1) in males and 147.3 (134.6-160.0) in females. Stomach cancer had the highest incidence rate of all cancers in both sexes (males, 69.3; females, 32.0). This was followed by cancer of the lung (22.5), esophagus (10.2), colon (8.3), and prostate (7.1) in males; and by breast (24.0), cervix (18.0), colon (8.4), and lung (7.2) in females. When these rates were compared with those among Japanese in Japan, cancer of the stomach and rectum revealed significantly lower rates, while non-melanoma skin cancer, and prostate and breast cancer showed higher rates. No significant increase of colorectal cancer was recognized among Japanese immigrants in São Paulo, contrary to the remarkably high rates of colorectal cancer being observed among Japanese immigrants in the US.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Hepatitis B virus markers in Japanese immigrants and their descendants in Bolivia and native Bolivians.

A survey of hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers of Japanese immigrants, their descendants and native Bolivians was performed in two agricultural settlements in Bolivia. The prevalence of HBV markers in sera, either hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) or its antibody (HBsAb), was higher in the Japanese (46.4%) than in the native Bolivian (12.9%) adult generations of both colonies. There was no significant difference between Japanese (4.3%) and Bolivian (0.9%) school children in one colony, but a high percentage (32.6%) was recognized among Japanese children in the other colony. The numbers of adw subtypes were unexpectedly high among these HBsAg positive Japanese children, compared to those in Japan. Antibody to hepatitis delta virus (HDV) was detected in one case. These data suggested that although horizontal transmission of adw HBV had occurred within the Japanese population, HBV and HDV were not endemic to this geographic area.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Immunohistochemical study on overexpression of c-erbB-2 protein in human breast cancer: its correlation with gene amplification and long-term survival of patients.

Using a polyclonal antibody monospecific to the c-erbB-2 oncogene product, an immunohistochemical study on the expression of c-erbB-2 protein was performed in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 176 primary breast carcinomas in which amplification of the c-erbB-2 gene had been detected in 28 cases. Expression of the c-erbB-2 protein was detected in 44 cases (25%), being strongly positive in 27 (15%) and weakly positive in 17 (10%). All cases with amplification of c-erbB-2 showed positive staining of its protein. There were only four cases in which c-erbB-2 was strongly expressed without amplification of the gene. In the group showing strongly positive staining, both overall and disease-free survival were significantly poorer than in the remainder of the cases. Using Cox's regression model analysis, overexpression of c-erbB-2 protein was demonstrated to be an effective prognostic factor independent of nodal status or tumor size.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1990

[Current status of air pollution in Sao Paulo, Brazil: effects and problems associated with the introduction of ethanol-fueled motor vehicles].

Recently suggestions have been advanced that alternative fuels including ethanol, methanol or methane instead of so called "fossil fuels" may help improve the current conditions of air pollution. According to results of general survey in Sao Paulo, since their introduction in 1978, ethanol-fueled cars have increased their share to almost 50% of all light vehicles in 1983. The current status of air pollution in Sao Paulo metropolitan area (SPMA) is described in relation to the use of such alternative fuel. The average concentrations in air of SO2 and lead have been decreasing drastically during the period of 1982-88, whereas non-methane hydrocarbon, NO2 and O3 levels have been increasing to attain the worst levels in the world as indicated in Fig. 2. The use of ethanol-fuel, which contains less sulphate and lead, is thought to have contributed more or less to the above reductions of SO2 and lead in the air. However, the pollutants that have increased may derive mainly from diesel and gasoline exhausts of heavy vehicles. The general state of air pollutions appears not to have been improved, suggesting the difficulty in resolving air pollution issues. On the other hand, a current problem specific to ethanol-fuel is the aldehydes or other carcinogenic components in exhaust. Peak formaldehyde concentration, for example, have been reported to have reached 159 ppb in SPMA, which may be one of the highest levels shown in ambient air.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Air Pollution↗

PubMed1990

[Ecological study on cancer mortality and lifestyle in Japan].

Cancer mortality varies even in the uni-racial population of Japan. Age-adjusted mortality rate of stomach cancer in the highest prefecture is almost three times higher than the lowest. A cross-sectional study in five populations in Japan is being conducted in order to clarify the relationship between cancer mortality and lifestyle risk factors using some biochemical markers, i.e. nutrients (vitamins, trace minerals, lipids), hormones, etc. Each area has approximately population 100,000 and a total of 170 randomly selected males aged 40 to 49 are included. Wives of selected men are also included. Blood and urine sampling will also be done, with an interview and medical examination. Survey in Iwate and Okinawa prefectures has been completed in 1990 which will be extended to Nagano and Akita prefectures in 1990 and Tokyo metropolitan in 1991.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗

PubMed1989

Clinical and radiologic assessments of the results of hepatectomy for small hepatocellular carcinoma and therapeutic arterial embolization for postoperative recurrence.

To study the prognostic significance of the state of the residual liver after hepatectomy for small hepatocellular carcinoma (s-HCC) no larger than 5 cm in diameter, 123 patients were followed for periods from 9 months to 9 years and 1 month. The following results were obtained: (1) recurrence occurred in the residual liver in 58 patients (54.2%) after an average of 14.9 months from hepatectomy; (2) at recurrence diagnosed by imaging, 12 of 48 recurrent patients showed negative alpha-fetoprotein; (3) computed tomography (CT) had a high sensitivity (71.4%) in detecting recurrence; (4) 5-year survivals for all patients (n = 123) who had hepatectomy, and for those without recurrence (n = 49) or with recurrence (n = 58) were 19.1%, 48.9%, and 11.0%, respectively; and (5) survivals for the patients who developed recurrence and who did and did not receive embolization treatment (n = 32, 23, respectively) were 70.3% and 37.1% at 1 year, 45.0% and 0% at 3 years, and 14.9% and 0% at 5 years, respectively. It is important to recognize that the patient who has undergone surgery even for s-HCC should be followed as a super high-risk patient at regular intervals using CT. Therapeutic embolization for recurrent patients improved the survival after recurrence.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Correlation between long-term survival in breast cancer patients and amplification of two putative oncogene-coamplification units: hst-1/int-2 and c-erbB-2/ear-1.

The incidence and association with 10-year survival of amplification in five protooncogenes or transforming genes were retrospectively examined using DNAs extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks of tissues obtained from 176 consecutive patients surgically treated for primary breast carcinoma. The incidences of greater than threefold amplification of hst-1, int-2, c-erbB-2, ear-1 (one of c-erbA), and c-myc were 12, 13, 16, 10, and 4.0%, respectively. hst-1 and int-2 were almost always coamplified (21/22), while c-erbB-2 and ear-1 were frequently coamplified (18/28) with almost the same copy number. The hst-1 and int-2 pair and the c-erbB-2 and ear-1 pair, localized on chromosomes 11q13 and 17q21-22, respectively, in normal cells, were inferred to be constituents of different amplification units. Amplification of hst-1 and/or int-2 was detected preferentially in the younger age group, and was correlated with poorer prognosis in cases carrying four or more copies of the genes. Amplification of c-erbB-2 and/or ear-1 was strongly correlated with poor prognosis in all 176 patients, especially those with lymph node metastasis. Amplification of c-myc was also correlated with poor prognosis. Cox's life-table regression analysis showed that amplification of c-erbB-2 had a prognostic value, which was independent of other known prognostic factors such as lymph node status and tumor size.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMed1989

Ethnic differences in blood pressure level between Japanese school children in Bolivia and native Bolivians.

Blood pressure levels were measured in 626 children (138 Japanese, 477 Bolivian and 11 of mixed blood) in a Japanese agricultural settlement in Bolivia. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure was higher in Japanese children than in Bolivian children at each measured age by 4.09 mmHg (P = 0.0001) and 2.25 mmHg (P = 0.0038), respectively, using analysis of covariance. Although the slope of the regression line both for SBP and for DBP with age tended to be greater in Japanese, this was not statistically significant. There were no ethnic differences in height, weight or body mass index, however, which are usually indicators that correlate well with blood pressure. Ethnic differences in blood pressure were also shown at each of the measured values of height (SBP: 3.93, DBP: 2.19) and weight (SBP: 4.03, DBP: 2.23). Factors causing these ethnic differences are discussed in relation to cultural and genetic considerations.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Mortality and cause of death among first-generation Japanese in São Paulo, Brazil.

The death certificates of first-generation Japanese in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, were analysed for underlying causes of death, and standardized mortality ratio (SMR) values were calculated using the age-specific mortality rates for Japan and São Paulo. Mortality rates for all causes were lower than those of the general population in São Paulo for all age groups and both sexes, and were almost equal to those in Japan. Compared with the mortality in Japan, significantly higher SMR values were obtained for diabetes mellitus, ischaemic heart disease, respiratory diseases (females), motor vehicle accidents, and homicide (males), whereas SMR values were low for all causes (males), other heart diseases, cerebrovascular disease, chronic liver diseases (males), suicide, and malignant neoplasms (males). On the other hand, compared with the mortality for São Paulo, SMR values were significantly low for most causes of death. The potential cultural and social factors contributing to these changes in mortality pattern are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Multi-step carcinogenesis model for adult T-cell leukemia.

The age-specific occurrence of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) was analyzed using 357 cases collected during nationwide surveys carried out between 1982 and 1985 in Japan. A simple Weibull distribution function fitted well as a model. The mode of ATL onset was log-linear in this model and the curves for males and females overlapped completely. The presence of age-dependent accumulation of leukemogenic events within human T-cell leukemia virus type 1-immortalized T cells was suggested prior to the development of ATL, and the approximate number of independent leukemogenic events in ATL is estimated to be five. This stochastic analysis supported a multi-step carcinogenesis as an appropriate model for ATL.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[Cervico-thoracic-abdominal lymph node dissection for carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus].

Over the period from 1982 to 1988, 127 cases with carcinoma in the thoracic esophagus underwent curative resection through a right thoracotomy. Cervicothoracic-abdominal lymph node dissection was performed in twenty-seven cases. No operative death occurred and only one hospital death (4%) was recorded. The only postoperative complication was recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy. Based on the adjusted survival-rate curves using Cox's method, there was significant difference in prognosis in favor of these 27 cases that received cervicothoracic-abdominal lymph node dissection over those that did not. The survival rate of all curatively operated cases was noticeably improved by using this procedure. Of those that underwent dissection only, or dissection with postoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy, the best prognosis could be reached by a combination of the cervicothoracic-abdominal lymph node dissection and postoperative chemotherapy. From follow-up data regarding recurrence rates, a more extended dissection and complete removal of lymph nodes in the left upper mediastinum and retroperitoneum should further improve the long-term prognosis.

Abdomen↗

PubMed1989

[Epidemiological study using molecular biologic markers].

It seems to be important for the epidemiological study on cancer etiology to conduct molecular biological approach. IARC/WHO held "International Course on Molecular Biology for Epidemiologist" in order to promote the molecular epidemiology. I described here the content of the course and our study on lung cancer etiology using c-Ha-ras VTR marker of leukocyte DNA in peripheral blood, and discussed the possibility of molecular epidemiology.

Alleles↗

PubMed1989

Prognostic contributions of Helix pomatia and carcinoembryonic antigen staining using histochemical techniques in breast carcinomas.

Helix Pomatia (HPA) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) staining were studied in 113 primary breast carcinomas, 63 metastatic lymph nodes and 10 resected local recurrences, using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method. Positive percentage rates were 41 (46/113) for HPA and 24 (27/113) for CEA in primary tumors, and 80 (8/10) for HPA but only 10 (1/10) for CEA in metastatic lesions. HPA staining showed a statistically significant correlation with negative estrogen receptor (ER) status (r -0.25, P = 0.05) and high nuclear grade (r 0.20, P = 0.04). Cancers with positive HPA staining were associated with a lower survival rate than those without (P = 0.0001), irrespective of menopausal status. CEA staining showed a marginal correlation with survival (P = 0.06: log rank test). The five-year survival rate of 21 cases positive for these two markers was only 5%. Multivariate analysis revealed HPA staining to be the best prognostic factor. The data indicated that HPA staining might be a valuable prognostic factor for breast cancer patients, especially when combined with CEA staining.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMed1988

Infectious states of human T lymphotropic virus type I and hepatitis B virus among Japanese immigrants in the Republic of Bolivia.

Serologic tests for human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) and hepatitis B virus infections were conducted in 1986 in two Japanese immigrant colonies located in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. A total of 322 adults (283 Japanese and 39 Bolivians) over age 35 years and 305 children (166 Japanese, 124 Bolivians, and 15 of mixed blood) aged 8-17 years were sampled at the time of a routine health checkup. The prevalence of antibody to HTLV-I was 17% in first-generation Japanese immigrants and 6% in second- or third-generation Japanese children. Prevalences among native Bolivians were 3% and 5% in adults and children, respectively. Seropositive Japanese immigrants and mothers showed clustering according to birthplace in endemic areas of Japan. The prevalence of either hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) or antibody to HBsAg was 48% in Japanese adults, 21% in Japanese children, 13% in Bolivian adults, and 1% in Bolivian children. Seropositive adults did not show clustering according to birthplace, but children in one colony showed clustering and a narrow age range. A correlation of seropositivity between husbands and wives was found only for HTLV-I. The seropositivity was independent of whether an HTLV-I or a hepatitis B virus infection marker was present.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

Chromosome fragility of lymphocytes from breast cancer patients in relation to epidemiologic data.

The chromosomal fragility of peripheral blood lymphocytes from 50 women, undergoing operations for breast tumors (47 carcinomas, 2 intraductal papillomatoses and 1 malignant lymphoma) was studied to ascertain the association between chromosome fragility and epidemiologic data, such as a family or personal history of cancer, hormonal status, etc. Under conditions of folic acid and thymidine depletion, the average number of gaps and breaks on the patients' lymphocyte chromosome was 6.02 +/- 5.28 and that in the control medium was 2.0 +/- 2.0 while those of healthy controls were 5.8 +/- 5.5 and 1.36 +/- 1.22. These gaps and breaks were mostly seen in group A chromosomes (4.1 +/- 2.6) in 24 patients, including the 2 with benign tumors and the 1 with the lymphoma as well as 11 healthy controls. They were frequent in group B (3.0 +/- 0) in 3 patients, in group C (4.3 +/- 2.9) in 11 patients, and in groups D (2.0 +/- 1.0) and E (3.0 +/- 1.0) in 3 patients from each. This different distribution of gaps and breaks correlated neither with the patients' age nor with their tumor's histology, but patients having a late menarche were distributed in non-A groups. There was low inducibility of breaks in patients with a family history of breast cancer and/or relatively rare cancers. The availability of common fragile sites for studying an individual's susceptibility to cancer is discussed. One patient showed a bromodeoxyuridine-requiring heritable 10q25 fragile site. Another, with triple primary cancers, showed a constitutional translocation of t(5;19)(q15;q13).

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Prediction of the gastric cancer mortality in 2000 in Japan.

Gastric cancer mortality in Japan in the year 2000 has been predicted from sex- and age-specific incidences and mortality trends and patient cure rates. The difference between the log-linear decrease in incidence and the log-quadratic decrease in mortality was considered to be the result of early diagnosis and treatment. Even on the assumption that 90% of patients could be cured in 2000, the number of deaths was estimated to be about 10,000. The decreasing incidence of cases brought about by birth cohort effects may contribute towards lowering the number of patients. The importance of health education in lowering the incidence of gastric cancer, by teaching people to keep up a sound life style, is discussed.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1988

Major prognostic factors of adult patients with advanced T-cell lymphoma/leukemia.

Eighty-one adult patients with advanced T-cell lymphoma/leukemia including 54 with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), who were treated between 1981 and 1983 with vincristine, cyclophosphamide, prednisolone, and doxorubicin (VEPA) or VEPA plus methotrexate (VEPA-M) in randomized fashion, were evaluated for pretreatment characteristics. The overall complete response (CR) and the 4-year survival rates were 39.5% and 19.4%, respectively, and 69% of 32 CR patients had relapses, indicating the need for development of new effective regimens for the disease. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, only three factors, leukemic manifestation, poor performance status (PS), and a high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, were significantly associated with the poor response rate. In a Cox proportional hazards model analysis, shortened survival was again significantly associated with poor PS and a high LDH level, but not with a clinical diagnosis of ATL. The two factors, PS and LDH level, that were found to be significantly associated with both CR and survival rates, were used to construct a model containing six categories of patients at increasing risk for poor response and shortened survival. These categories divided the patients into three groups with respective CR and 4-year survival rates of 75% and 53% for low-risk, 45% and 15% for moderate-risk, and 15% and 0% for high-risk. The results indicate that PS and LDH levels were the most important in predicting the response and survival of an adult patient with advanced T-cell lymphoma/leukemia. The prognosis of patients with usual peripheral T-cell lymphoma, excluding ATL, was comparable with that of advanced B-cell lymphoma. These results have important implications for the design of new prospective therapeutic trials.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗