Biomedical subjects

S Tsugane

Publications and source records attributed to S Tsugane.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

PubMed1993

Helicobacter pylori, dietary factors, and atrophic gastritis in five Japanese populations with different gastric cancer mortality.

In a cross-sectional study of 634 men aged 40 to 49 years, randomly selected from five areas of Japan with different rates of gastric cancer mortality, 121 men of 624 evaluated were diagnosed as having atrophic gastritis through serum pepsinogen I < 70 ng/ml and the pepsinogen I (PGI)/pepsinogen II (PGII) ratio < 3.0. We examined the relation of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) antibodies and dietary factors, including plasma level of antioxidant micronutrients, to the presence of atrophic gastritis. Presence of H. pylori IgG antibodies was associated with increased risk of atrophic gastritis (odds ratio [OR] = 1.9, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 1.1-3.3). As the level of plasma beta-carotene increased, we found a steady decrease in the risk of atrophic gastritis (OR for second quartile = 0.7, third quartile = 0.6, fourth quartile = 0.4, with CI = 0.2-0.8). Frequent intake of yellow vegetables also was associated with lower risk, while frequent intake of soybean products was related to increased risk. Although H. pylori antibodies, beta-carotene level, and intake of soybean products were all significant in the multivariate analysis, these factors did not explain the differences in atrophic gastritis prevalence among the five regions. The analysis of these risk factors in relation to each pepsinogen marker showed that although both H. pylori infection and low plasma beta-carotene were associated with the decreased level of serum PGI/II ratio, the former was derived from the increase of PGII, which is common in early stage of atrophic gastritis, and the latter from the decrease of PGI, which is specific to severe atrophic gastritis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Quantitative analysis of 8-hydroxyguanine in peripheral blood cells: an application for asbestosis patients.

The quantitative analysis of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (oh8dG) in human peripheral blood cells was carried out to find integrated biomarkers for estimating cancer risk. The change of the oh8dG levels over time in two healthy volunteers was measured to evaluate a intraindividual variance and each individual value was confirmed to be almost constant when they maintained usual life style. We applied this measurement to asbestosis patients who had worked in dockyard for 19-42 years. The oh8dG were detected in all samples and ranged from 0.77 to 1.28/10(5) deoxyguanosine (dG)8. No significant differences was observed in mean values of oh8dG between patients (1.00 +/- 0.17/10(5)dG) and hospital control group without asbestos exposure (1.03 +/- 0.20/10(5)dG) No association was found with the status of cigarette smoking. The oh8dG level in peripheral blood cells is therefore not a sensitive biomarker for past asbestos exposure at low levels.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

Does high gastric cancer risk associated with low serum ferritin level reflect achlorhydria? An examination via cross-sectional study.

With respect to the inverse association of serum ferritin level (SFL) with the risk of gastric cancer (GC) observed in some recent epidemiologic studies, possible mediation by achlorhydria as well as atrophic gastritis (AG), both of which are strongly associated with GC risk at not only the individual but also the population level, was examined in a cross-sectional study of 634 men aged 40 to 49 years randomly selected from 5 populations in Okinawa, Iwate, Nagano, Akita and Tokyo. AG and achlorhydria were serologically diagnosed based on the criteria of pepsinogen (Pep) I level < 70 ng/ml and Pep I/Pep II ratio < 3.0, as described previously, and a serum gastrin level of over 140 pg/ml, respectively. In the results, while the mean SFL for all the subjects differed significantly by area, similar areal differences in SFL were also found even when only the non-AG cases were considered. However, both of the above differences were eliminated with the exception of those between Okinawa and each of the other 4 areas, when adjustments were made for medical histories of diabetes mellitus, ulcers and liver disease, body mass index and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase level. Therefore, no correlation among the 5 areas was observed between the adjusted areal mean SFLs and GC mortality in either case.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Achlorhydria↗

PubMed1992

Calvasculin, an encoded protein from mRNA termed pEL-98, 18A2, 42A, or p9Ka, is secreted by smooth muscle cells in culture and exhibits Ca(2+)-dependent binding to 36-kDa microfibril-associated glycoprotein.

Calvasculin, an EF-hand protein with a molecular mass of 11 kDa on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, is present abundantly in bovine aorta (Watanabe, Y., Kobayashi, R., Ishikawa, T., and Hidaka, H. (1992) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 292, 563-569). This protein is synthesized constitutively by bovine aortic smooth muscle (BASM) cells and rat embryo fibroblast 3Y1 cells in culture. We discovered that calvasculin was secreted by BASM cells and 3Y1 cells. Immunofluorescence staining of BASM cells showed a granular distribution for calvasculin that was typical of a secreted protein. This protein bound with an extracellular matrix protein, 36-kDa microfibril-associated glycoprotein (36-kDa MAP), in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner in vitro. A stoichiometry analysis showed that the 36-kDa MAP bound 2.2 calvasculin eq/mol of protein. Solid-phase binding assays indicated a preferential affinity of native calvasculin for 36-kDa MAP among the extracellular matrices in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. These results suggest that calvasculin, intracellular Ca(2+)-binding protein, is released to the extracellular space and binds with 36-kDa MAP.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Four-year follow-up of effects of toluene diisocyanate exposure on the respiratory system in polyurethane foam manufacturing workers. II. Four-year changes in the effects on the respiratory system.

Fifty-seven polyurethane foam manufacturing workers (PF workers) and 24 reference workers were followed for 4 years to clarify the effects on pulmonary function of working in PF factories with exposure to toluene diisocyanate (TDI). No significant differences in the average annual losses (AALs) of pulmonary function for 4 years were observed among the 28PF workers whose TDI exposure levels were very low (mean = 0.1 ppb, group L), the remaining 29 PF workers with mean TDI exposure of 5.7 ppb (group H), and the reference workers. However, 15 PF workers in group H who had experienced peak exposure excursions to 30 ppb or above with a mean concentration of 8.2 ppb showed significantly larger AALs in percentage maximal mid-expiratory flow, forced expiratory volume in 1 s ratio to vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory flow at 25% of FVC than expected, and significantly larger AALs in some obstructive pulmonary function indices than those of the 14 remaining PF workers in group H whose peak exposure excursion levels were 3-14 ppb with a mean time-weighted average (TWA) of 1.7 ppb, group L, and the reference workers. These findings suggest that the peak exposure excursion level of TDI might be important in inducing obstructive pulmonary function changes in the PF workers rather than the TWA exposure levels, though further comparative studies of the AAL in those who are exposed to different peak exposure excursion levels but the same mean exposure levels are necessary. From the standpoint of prevention, the proposition that peak exposure excursion levels exceeding 20 ppb should be avoided is reasonable.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Adenocarcinoma of the lung with selective metastasis to the lung: clinical, histologic and DNA-cytofluorometric analyses.

In order to examine selective lung metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma, 7 patients who had died due to metastasis exclusively to the lung were analyzed. Because all of the tumors had been well differentiated adenocarcinoma, 21 cases of well differentiated adenocarcinoma which had metastasized to both the lung and other distant organs were selected as controls. Histologically, 6 of the 7 study cases were bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma (BAC) of variable cytological type or papillary adenocarcinoma with a thin fibrovascular stroma without apparent destruction of the alveolar wall. There was no difference in clinical findings or nuclear DNA content (NDC) between the BAC and papillary adenocarcinoma with thin fibrovascular stroma. The fibrovascular stroma in the study cases was significantly thinner than that in the control cases (P less than 0.01). Cytofluorometrically, the study cases had a significantly lower and less abnormal NDC than the control cases in terms of the mean NDC and DNA histogram patterns (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.05, respectively). On the basis of these findings, we conclude that 1) BAC can be classified within the same spectrum as well differentiated papillary adenocarcinoma, and 2) selective lung metastasis occurs in well differentiated adenocarcinomas showing mild NDC abnormalities and having a thin fibrovascular stroma without apparent destruction of the alveolar wall.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1992

[Human ecological and epidemiological studies of Japanese immigrants and their descendants in South America].

Over a million people of Japanese origin reside in South America. However, only a limited number of studies on their health status and lifestyle factors affecting it have been carried out. The author and his co-workers have been conducting a series of field surveys on the health situation and lifestyle factors in Japanese immigrants and their descendants in various areas of South America. The subjects of the first-phase study were residents in four agricultural settlements (colonies) in the suburbs of Brazil, Paraguay and Bolivia. The levels of minerals and heavy metals in the hair were measured, and significant variations were found in several elements. These different levels were found to be regulated by the environmental level of their living place and by the dietary pattern. In the second-phase study, several health-related indicators such as blood pressure, anthropometric features, viral infection markers in sera, and dietary pattern were investigated in two group of immigrants, one from Okinawa and the other from the mainland of Japan, both living in Bolivia. Differences in health situation and lifestyle were identified between them. Traditional habits seen in their original places of residence in Japan still existed in their life in Bolivia, while the introduction of Bolivian lifestyle was prevalent among them. Although the number of Japanese residents in Brazil is largest in the world outside of Japan, little has been known about their health situation. The subjects of the third-phase study were Japanese Brazilians. A descriptive epidemiologic study was carried out, and the mortality and incidence of cancer were determined. Some changes in disease pattern were noted when compared with Japanese in Japan, but these changes were not as marked as in the case of Japanese in the U.S.. A cross-section study on the lifestyle factors of Japanese residents in São Paulo showed some differences in health-related indicators and dietary habits in comparison with Japanese living in five areas of Japan. Such differences were also found among Japanese in São Paulo according to the place of origin in Japan. These series of studies in Japanese immigrants in South America showed the importance of lifestyle factors, especially dietary habits, for the health situation.

Blood Pressure↗

PubMed1992

Cross-sectional study with multiple measurements of biological markers for assessing stomach cancer risks at the population level.

A cross-sectional study to determine correlations between measurable biologic markers and mortality from stomach cancer was performed in various areas of Japan. Blood and urine were collected from randomly selected 40- to 49-year-old men and their spouses in four areas with different rates of mortality from stomach cancer. The samples were analyzed for levels of the micronutrients vitamins A, C, and E, beta-carotene, and lycopene in plasma and for levels of NaCl, nitrate, and N-nitrosamino acids (N-nitrosoproline, N-nitrosothioproline [NTPRO] and N-nitrosomethylthioproline [NMTPRO]) in 24-hr urine. A significant, strong correlation was found between the amount of salt excreted in urine and stomach cancer mortality in both men and women. Although the amounts of nitrate and of the three N-nitrosamino acids in 24-hr urine were not correlated with stomach cancer rates, the low excretion levels of NTPRO and NMTPRO in the lowest risk area for stomach cancer were noteworthy, regardless of the high level of nitrate excretion in the same area. This suggests a lesser degree of endogenous nitrosation in the body. No protective effect of micronutrients was observed in this correlation study; there was, however, a negative correlation between plasma lycopene level and stomach cancer mortality. Salt intake was thus confirmed to play an important role in the development of stomach cancer and is likely to be a rate-regulating factor in Japanese populations. N-Nitrosamino acids and lycopene may also be related to stomach cancer mortality.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Cervico-thoraco-abdominal (3-field) lymph node dissection for carcinoma in the thoracic esophagus.

The efficacy of an extended radical lymph node dissection for carcinoma in the thoracic esophagus is controversial. Results of a multivariate analysis using clinical data from 127 cases collected from 1982 to 1988 are reported. Twenty-seven of these patients underwent an extended radical (cervico-thoraco-abdominal: 3 fields) lymph node dissection which was recently developed in Japan, while others underwent a standard (thoraco-abdominal: 2 fields) lymph node dissection. They all had a locally-curative resection of the tumor through a right thoracotomy. In this study, 13 factors commonly affecting prognosis were examined: sex, age, cancer location, tumor length, radiographic type, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, tumor differentiation, postoperative radiotherapy, chemotherapy, operative risk, postoperative complications, and 3-field or 2-field dissection. Based on the survival-rate curves using Kaplan-Meier's statistics, the 3-field dissection was superior to the 2-field dissection. Moreover, when other prognostic factors were adjusted using Cox's proportional hazards general linear model, the same result was obtained from survival-rate curves. From this analysis, it can be concluded that a 3-field dissection is a better approach for management of carcinoma in the thoracic esophagus.

Abdomen↗

PubMed1992

Preoperative radiation for carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus involving adjacent organs--a comparative and multivariate analysis of prognosis.

Controversy remains over the comparative efficacy and subsequent prognosis for preoperative radiation for carcinoma of the esophagus involving the trachea, bronchus, and/or aorta. Results of a multi-variate analysis are reported using clinical data from 57 cases from 1981 to 1987. Based on both the survival-rate curves using the Kaplan-Meier method and the adjusted survival-rate curves using Cox's proportional hazards linear model, there was no significant difference in prognosis between patients who received preoperative radiation and those who did not. This analysis indicates that preoperative radiation at doses of 30Gy produces no clinical advantage and therefore is not the best treatment for carcinoma of the esophagus involving these adjacent organs.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Questionable resection for carcinoma of the esophagus involving the trachea, bronchus and/or aorta--a comparative and multivariate analysis.

Controversy remains over the comparative efficacy and subsequent prognosis of resections for carcinomas of the esophagus involving the trachea, bronchus, and/or aorta. Results of a multi-variate analysis are reported using clinical data from 103 cases from 1981 to 1987. Based on the survival-rate curves according to the Kaplan-Meier method, resection was superior to non-resection. However, when other prognostic factors were adjusted using Cox's proportional hazards linear model, there was no significant difference between the resection and non-resection groups. This analysis indicates that esophagectomy is not necessarily the best approach for carcinoma of the esophagus involving these adjacent organs, although it must be remembered that resection provides excellent palliation.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Prognostic factors for recurrent breast cancer: univariate and multivariate analyses including histologic grade and amplification of the c-erbB-2 proto-oncogene.

Post-recurrence survival was examined in 62 breast cancer patients who had undergone curative radical mastectomies between 1974 and 1976 and suffered recurrences within 127 months of surgery. The prognostic value of 11 clinical, histological and genetic factors, including histologic grade of malignancy and amplification of oncogenes was analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses. Not only the site of first recurrence, clinical stage and size of primary tumor at initial surgery, and disease-free period, but also histologic grade and amplification of the c-erbB-2 proto-oncogene were significant prognostic indicators of recurrent breast cancer. Multivariate analysis using Cox's regression model, histologic grade and amplification of c-erbB-2 in the primary tumor, as well as clinical stage at surgery and site of first recurrence, were shown to be major independent prognostic factors of recurrent breast cancer. Because post-recurrence prognosis was strongly influenced by the clinical, histological and genetic status of the primary breast cancer, appropriate evaluation of the primary tumor for the grade of aggressiveness of the cancer cells, as well as the extent of cancer spread, seem to be important.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗

PubMed1991

Clinicopathologic characteristics of adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung.

Fifty-six cases of surgically resected adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung were studied clinicopathologically, and their outcome was compared with that of adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the lung. The frequency rate of adenosquamous carcinoma was 2.6% of 2160 primary lung cancers resected in the National Cancer Center Hospital (Tokyo, Japan). The survival curves of patients with adenosquamous carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas indicated that the outcome of adenosquamous carcinoma was poorer than that of adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas, particularly in Stages I and II. The amount of adenocarcinoma component did not affect the survival rate, although the histologic features of metastatic lymph nodes was somewhat influenced by the histologic type of the primary tumors. The histologic subtype of adenosquamous carcinoma was one of the independent prognostic determinants.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1991

Urinary salt excretion and stomach cancer mortality among four Japanese populations.

A relationship between salt intake and the occurrence of stomach cancer has been suggested by both epidemiologic and experimental data. To test this hypothesis, urinary excretion of salt in 24 hours and dietary intake of salt were measured in four male populations with different levels of stomach cancer mortality. Age-adjusted mortality rate of stomach cancer showed a high correlation (r2 = 0.995) with the average amount of salt excretion in 24-hour urine. This strong correlation, however, was not shown (r2 = 0.265) with dietary salt intake calculated from the standard food-composition table. The results confirmed the important role of salt in the development of stomach cancer in Japan, and raised the problem of evaluating the level of salt intake by using the uniform composition table.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of goblet cell type adenocarcinoma of the lung.

Twenty-two resected goblet cell type adenocarcinomas of the lung were examined clinicopathologically and immunohistochemically. The stage and survival curve of goblet cell type adenocarcinomas were compared with those of 44 cases of pure or mixed Clara cell and bronchial surface epithelial cell (Clara and BSE) type adenocarcinomas. Each case of goblet cell type was matched with two cases of Clara and BSE type as to sex, age and date of surgery. In goblet cell type adenocarcinomas, lymph node metastasis was less frequently and intrapulmonary metastasis was more frequently detected than in other types of adenocarcinomas (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.05, respectively). Goblet cell type adenocarcinomas showed better prognoses than Clara and BSE type adenocarcinomas. However, the estimated survival curves of those two groups become similar after adjustment of the TNM condition using Cox's proportional-hazard general linear model. This result indicated that the longer survival of goblet cell type adenocarcinoma was due to the characteristic distribution of TNM conditions, that is, unique local growth and low incidence of lymph node metastasis. When goblet cell type adenocarcinoma was macroscopically classified into two types, i.e. solitary peripheral nodule type (nodular type) and multifocal nodular type or consolidation of all or part of a lobe (diffuse type), the nodular type had better prognosis than the diffuse type (p less than 0.05). Immunohistochemically, 83%, 11%, and 0% of goblet cell type adenocarcinomas were positive for NCC-CO-450, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and surfactant apoprotein, respectively. Most Clara and BSE type adenocarcinomas were negative for NCC-CO-450, but positive for CEA and surfactant apoprotein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1991

[Relations of serum apolipoprotein A-I, A-II and B levels to smoking, drinking and body mass].

To examine whether the serum apolipoprotein A-I level (Apo A-I), serum apolipoprotein A-II level (Apo A-II) and serum apolipoprotein B level (Apo B) are related to cigarette-smoking habits, drinking frequency and body mass index (BMI) independent of serum lipoprotein cholesterol levels (HDLC, LDLC or VLDLC), we statistically analyzed the data on Apo A-I, Apo A-II, Apo B, HDLC, LDLC and VLDLC and the life style data obtained from health examinations of 256 male residents aged 40 to 49 mostly randomly selected from two Japanese areas, Ninohe, Iwate and Ishikawa, Okinawa. The results were as follows: (1) HDLC was strongly positively correlated with Apo A-I and Apo A-II, while Apo B was strongly correlated with LDLC and VLDLC. (2) According to univariate analyses, Apo A-I, Apo A-II, Apo B, HDLC, LDLC and VLDLC were not associated with smoking. On the other hand, drinking frequency was positively associated with Apo A-I, Apo A-II and HDLC. Apo A-I and HDLC were negatively correlated with BMI, whereas Apo B, LDLC and VLDLC were positively correlated with BMI. (3) According to the results of multi-dimensional analyses of covariance, Apo A-II was positively correlated with drinking frequency independent of Apo A-I and HDLC, especially among the individuals with increased HDLC. The same multivariate analysis showed that Apo B was positively associated with smoking independent of LDLC and VLDLC among the individuals without increased VLDLC. From these results, we conclude that Apo A-II may be effective as a biological marker for alcohol drinking independent of Apo A-I and HDLC, while cigarette smoking may affect Apo B through a certain direct mechanical effect. (4) Increased HDLC in obese individuals (BMI greater than or equal to 27) or non-drinkers was associated with remarkably increased Apo A-I, while decreased HDLC in thin individuals (BMI less than 21) was associated with remarkably decreased Apo A-II.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Proportional cancer incidence according to selected sites--comparison between residents in the city of S. Paulo, Brazil: Japanese and Brazilian/Portuguese descent.

The percentual distributions of selected sites of cancer cases according to origin, sex and age are compared. Data were obtained from the Registry of Cancer of S. Paulo (School of Public Health of the University of S. Paulo, Brazil). The reference period for inhabitants of Japanese descent was 1969/78 and for those of Brazilian descent, the period was 1969/75. Standardized Proportionate Incidence Ratios (SPIR) with approximate 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were evaluated using age specific Incidence Ratios of S. Paulo, 1973, as standards. The results agree with findings of previous works on mortality, but show different patterns according to origin. The well known fact that some sub-groups of a population may be different from the overall group is once again brought to the fore. Attention should be drawn to the differences detected for stomach, skin and prostate, in males, and for stomach, skin, cervix and uterus in females.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1990

Correlation between histologic grade of malignancy and copy number of c-erbB-2 gene in breast carcinoma. A retrospective analysis of 176 cases.

A system of histologic grade of malignancy in human breast carcinoma was devised by significantly modifying the way of evaluating number of mitoses and architectural atypia in the histologic grading of Bloom and Richardson. The modified grading system was applicable to all histologic subtypes of adenocarcinoma and showed a good association with prognosis of breast carcinoma patients in retrospective analysis of 176 consecutive surgical cases (P less than 0.0001). Of the three components of histologic grade, architectural atypia and number of mitotic figures independently had a significant effect on the prognosis. The copy number of c-erbB-2, a prognostic factor independent of tumor size and nodal status, was strongly correlated with the histologic grade, number of mitotic figures, and degree of nuclear atypia (P less than 0.001, each). Cox's regression model analysis showed that nodal status and histologic grade were two determinants of prognosis, and the independent effect of c-erbB-2 amplification was absorbed within that of the histologic grade. Although the importance of c-erbB-2 gene copy number seemed to be inferior to that of the histologic grade, both were shown to be strongly associated with the aggressiveness of the tumor itself rather than the extent of tumor spread.

Breast Neoplasms↗