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Biomedical subjects

S Tsugane

Publications and source records attributed to S Tsugane.

140 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Preoperative radioactive therapy for esophageal carcinoma. Randomized evaluation trial in eight institutions.

A cooperative, prospective, randomized study to evaluate the effectiveness of preoperative irradiation in curatively resected esophageal carcinoma was performed in 364 cases in eight institutions from August 1982 to November, 1983. Based on the survival curves, postoperative irradiation alone was superior to preoperative plus postoperative irradiation. Because of the progression of the disease and complications after operation, there were many inevaluable cases in this study. However, analysis revealed there was no bias caused by a greater number of unfavorable patients being selectively included in inevaluable cases in the postoperative irradiation only group. Our data question the value of preoperative irradiation being performed in addition to resection plus postoperative irradiation.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1988

Natural history of aortic and coronary atherosclerosis in Tokyo.

The natural history of atherosclerosis in Tokyo was explored in 1,206 unselected consecutive hospital and forensic medicine autopsies performed on deceased persons of both sexes aged 0 to 89 yr. The extent of intimal atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta and coronary arteries was estimated visually after staining with Sudan IV and recorded as the percentage of intima with fatty streaks (FS) and raised lesions (RL). The extent of atherosclerosis by sex and age was compared in two sources of subjects and various broad disease categories associated with the terminal event causing death. Comparisons of hospital cases with forensic medicine cases, by sex, over five arterial segments and nine 10-yr age groups, did not show significant differences in the extent of atherosclerosis between the two sources of cases. However, RL at all age groups over 40 yr in general showed a tendency to be slightly more extensive in the hospital cases. As is commonly reported for certain other population groups, our results showed more extensive atherosclerosis in Japanese men than in Japanese women. The comparisons of the extent of atherosclerosis among five broad disease categories causing death--coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), cases with evidence of both CHD and CVD (OVL), cases with CHD-related diseases such as diabetes and hypertension (CHD-rel), and all other diseases, accidents, homicides, and suicides (Basal)--showed more extensive atherosclerosis among CHD and OVL cases when compared with the basal group as control reference.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Major prognostic factors of adult patients with advanced B-cell lymphoma treated with vincristine, cyclophosphamide, prednisone and doxorubicin (VEPA) or VEPA plus methotrexate (VEPA-M).

Eighty-two adult patients with advanced B-lymphoma, treated between 1981 and 1983 with VEPA (vincristine, cyclophosphamide, prednisolone and doxorubicin) or VEPA-M (VEPA plus methotrexate) in a prospective randomized fashion, were evaluated for pretreatment characteristics. The overall complete response (CR) and the 4-year survival rates were 74% and 45%, respectively. The relapse rate was 51%. Stage of disease only was negatively associated with the CR rate in a multivariate analysis. The primary extranodal tumor site other than upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract and high grade pathology were found to affect disease-free survival adversely in a Cox proportional hazards model. Poor performance status, advanced stage, primary extranodal tumor site other than upper GI tract, advanced age, high grade pathology and prior therapy by either surgery or radiation, were significantly associated with shortened survival in a Cox proportional hazards model. These results indicate advanced B-lymphoma in Japan to be generally similar to advanced non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the West in terms of prognostic factor characteristics, but the importance of the primary site in predicting survival has not been reported in the West. Also, the lack of a survival plateau in patients with diffuse large cell lymphoma indicates more intensive chemotherapy regimens than VEPA or VEPA-M to be needed. It was also found that the significant prognostic factors in patients with advanced B-lymphoma were very different from those with T-lymphoma. The five factors: pathology, stage, primary site, age, prior therapy by surgery or radiation, for which the risk ratio was more than 2.3, were used to construct a model containing 23 categories of patients running an increasing risk of shortened survival; this divided patients into three groups. The CR and 4-year survival rates of low-, moderate- and high-risk groups were 90% and 74%, 74% and 58%, and 50% and 5%, respectively. The risk-grouping provides indications for determining optimal therapy for individual patients and the need for new therapeutic trials in patients at high risk.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The mercury content of hair of Japanese immigrants in various locations in South America.

Hair mercury levels in four Japanese immigrant settlements in South America were determined by cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrometry. The levels in the two Bolivian settlements were relatively higher (6.22 and 3.53 ppm for males, 3.66 and 2.23 ppm for females) than those in Brazil (2.19 ppm for males, 1.57 ppm for females) and in Paraguay (2.40 ppm for males, 2.04 ppm for females). The levels in Bolivia were almost the same as recent Japanese levels. Dose-response relationships between frequency of eating fish and hair mercury level were found in all the settlements. However, even in the same fish-eating category, the content varied from place to place. Significant correlations between husbands and wives were demonstrated in three out of four settlements. These results imply that the mercury content of hair is regulated by the life style within each family. That is, inhabitants of Japanese settlements, especially in Bolivia, maintain their Japanese habit of fish eating. This results in a high hair mercury content, even when they live in a rural area and consume only fish from the head rivers of the Amazon.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Smoking, occupation and family history in lung cancer patients under fifty years of age.

A hospital based case-control study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting the development of lung cancer among young adults. A total of 185 inpatients (males: 128, females: 57) aged from 30 to 49 have been histologically classified in the National Cancer Center Hospital during the last 10 years. Most frequent was adenocarcinoma in both males (57.0%) and females (73.7%). Basic factors were obtained from clinical charts including smoking history, occupation and family history of cancers. Elevated risks were found for squamous cell carcinoma in patients with a history of smoking (all had smoked v. 15/20 for controls) and an occupation possibly related to respiratory irritations (15/20 v. 3/20 for controls). Heavy smokers were distributed more in the cancer patients. Moreover, the average Smoking Index among those without "at risk" occupation was 1,002 with the least being 700, while that with such an occupation was 723. Heavy smoking alone and a smoking/occupation combination could contribute to an early onset of squamous cell carcinoma. On the other hand, there were no significant risk factors for adenocarcinoma, the relative risk from a history of smoking being less than 1.00 and from a family history of cancer, approximately 1.00.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Prevalence of antibodies to human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type I and human immunodeficiency virus in Japanese immigrant colonies in Bolivia and Bolivian natives.

This study was performed to estimate human T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus type-I (HTLV-I) infection and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Japanese immigrant colonies in Bolivia, where no seroepidemiological study of HTLV-I or HIV has ever been reported, among 647 healthy adults and children of Japanese descent and Bolivian natives living in the same colonies. The overall prevalence of HTLV-I antibody was 12.6% (59/469) among Japanese immigrant populations, but increased with age, being 16.2% (49/303) among adults and 6.0% (10/166) among children; no significant difference in relation to sex was noted. The first generation immigrants (issei) from Kyushu, the large southwestern island of Japan where adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is endemic, had 19.0% (49/258) HTLV-I seroprevalence, while issei from outside Kyushu had none (0/39). Among Bolivian members of the community, consisting mostly of Indians and persons of Spanish descent, the HTLV-I seroprevalence was 4.3% (7/164) overall, 2.4% (1/42) among adults and 4.9% (6/122) among children. No antibody to HIV was detected among Japanese or Bolivian populations. The results of this study show that: (1) there is a considerable number of HTLV-I carriers among Japanese immigrant populations in Bolivia, especially among immigrants from Kyushu, (2) there exist some HTLV-I carriers among Bolivian natives, raising the possibility of HTLV-I transmission by co-habitation with Japanese immigrants, (3) HIV is far from endemic in this district of Bolivia, at present.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Trend of lung cancers in the National Cancer Center of Japan and comparison with that of Japanese pathological autopsy records.

Trends in the histologic types of lung cancers during 1966-1985 by 5-year intervals were analyzed by using 4,419 cases in the National Cancer Center Hospital, Japan. Histologically confirmed cases increased to 76.6% in the last 5-year interval. The proportions of histological types in males have remained relatively unchanged; about 40% squamous cell carcinoma, one-third adenocarcinoma, and about 10% each of large cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma and other types. In females, an increase of adenocarcinoma from 52% to 69.1% and a decrease of squamous cell carcinoma from 21% to 11.4% were noteworthy, and the other three types amounted to less than 10% each. These trends were compared with those obtained from the Annals of Pathological Autopsy Records in Japan during 1974-1983, which contained 26,844 lung cancer cases; the results were similar except for an increase of small cell carcinoma. The recent increase of small cell carcinoma was considered to be due to a change in diagnostic categorization, associated with a decreased rate of undifferentiated carcinoma. However, the increase of small cell carcinoma as well as adenocarcinoma in younger patients requires further study from both demographic and etiological viewpoints.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Recent trends in different histological types of lung cancer in Tokyo based on pathological autopsy records.

The recently increasing trend of lung cancer mortality in Japan was qualitatively analyzed. As the percentages of cases undergoing pathological autopsies in Tokyo were thirty for males and twenty-six for females during the period from 1979 to 1983, the histologically classified death rates in Tokyo could be estimated by combining the reported cases of death from lung cancer with the proportion of these of known histological type. The results indicated an increase in adenocarcinoma, and a decrease in squamous-cell carcinoma, except for the older age-group of men. The latter result suggested that the results were affected by the decreasing proportion of smokers and by the improvement in cigarette quality. The increase in small-cell and large-cell carcinoma, and the decrease in undifferentiated carcinomas, could be explained by problems associated with differing diagnostic standards. However, when these three different types of carcinoma were considered as a single type, the death rate was shown to be increased except in younger age-groups of women.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Case-control study on histologically determined multiple primary lung cancer.

Between 1965 and 1985, 72 (64 male and 8 female) cases of multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC) in the National Cancer Center Hospital, Japan, were reviewed, and a retrospective hospital-based case-control study was performed with special reference to the patients' smoking and family histories. Control cases were selected from patients with unicentric lung cancer (ULC) with a longer survival time than that for other patients with whom they were matched for age, sex, histologic examination of primary lung cancer, and residence in prefecture. The overall percentage of MPLC was higher in males (3.1%) than in females (1.8%). Of the total number of cases, 46 were synchronous and 26, metachronous. The same histology was recognized in 38 cases (53%), and squamous cell carcinomas were observed in 65% of MPLC cases, all of whom were smokers. At least half of the MPLC found in nonsmokers were adenocarcinomas. Habitual smokers, with a Brinkman index (BI) of more than 50, accounted for 90% of all cases of MPLC, although 81% of the controls were also habitual smokers. A positive relationship dependent on the number of cigarettes smoked was observed between the BI of smokers and the proportion suffering MPLC. There was a family history of cancer in 47% of MPLC cases while, for controls, this figure was 40%. It was found that 67% of patients with MPLC and 61% with ULC were drinkers. The influence of cigarette smoking on MPLC was confirmed, especially in the cases of squamous cell carcinoma and small-cell carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Frequency of multiple primary cancers and risk factors for lung and breast cancer patients.

Among nearly 50,000 cancer patients at the National Cancer Center, about 2,000 have multiple primary cancer (MPC), and its frequency has been increasing in recent years. MPC is considered to be a reflection of severe exposure to carcinogens or of a predisposition to cancer, or sometimes it is thought to be an individual expression within familial aggregation. To clarify the roles of these proposed mechanisms, case-control studies and chromosome analyses, including fragile sites on chromosomes, were performed focusing in particular on breast and lung cancer patients. A histology-matched case-control study of multicentric lung cancer revealed a risk of cigarette smoking, which was also recognized in MPC in different sites among breast cancer patients, in addition to the radiotherapy. The frequency of heritable (rare) fragile sites among 87 lung cancer patients was more than double that of the general population, and the rare fragile site, 17q12, was clustered in the adenocarcinoma. The frequencies of heritable fragile sites among breast cancer patients were the same as the general population. MPC occurred in 10 of 87 lung cancer cases, and in 9 of 90 breast cancer patients; these individuals did not have heritable fragile sites. Heavy smoking and hazardous occupations were recognized in MPC cases with lung cancer, and a family history of rather rare cancers was also more common in MPC cases with breast cancer. One of three triple cancer cases had breast cancer as a feature in chromosomal aberrations of the peripheral blood lymphocytes, which may signify predisposition to cancer in these patients.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of coronary atherosclerosis in middle-aged Norwegian and Japanese men. An autopsy study.

We compared the extent of lesions in the coronary arteries of autopsied middle-aged men from Oslo, Norway, with lesions in autopsied men of similar ages in Tokyo, Japan. Certain risk factors for coronary heart disease as serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood pressure were also available from these men in the two locations. Our comparisons reveal large differences in the extent of atherosclerosis between Oslo and Tokyo, which are reflected in the levels of the risk factors, particularly serum cholesterol levels. Our findings suggest that preventive strategies could retard the development of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease without the economic and nutritional problems that affect technically underdeveloped societies where atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease are not prevalent.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dietary differences with green tea intake among middle-aged Japanese men and women.

BACKGROUND: Although several epidemiologic investigations have suggested a protective role of green tea against cardiovascular diseases and cancer, few studies examined how consumption of green tea was associated with intake of other dietary factors. METHODS: In the winters of 1989-1991, 880 men ages 40-49 years were randomly sampled from the general populations of five Public Health Center districts of Japan. Response rate was 72% (n = 634). A convenience sample of 373 spouses also consented to participate. They were interviewed on the frequency of consumption of green tea and 37 food items. A 3-day weighed food record was collected from a subgroup of the subjects (207 men and 164 women) to calculate daily intake of 22 nutrient variables. Consumption of the foods and nutrients was compared with three levels of green tea intake (< 1, 1-4, and > 4 cups/days) after adjustment for potential confounders. RESULTS: Among men, green tea was associated significantly with consumption of 10 foods (P < 0.05) and at borderline significance with 4 nutrients (P < 0.1). These foods and nutrients included fruits (apple, orange juice), vegetables (green, yellow, and pickled), total lipid, cholesterol, and carotene. Among women, green tea was associated with 6 foods and total energy. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that consumption of green tea is associated with diets that could modify the risks of cardiovascular diseases and cancer, especially among men. When the health effects of green tea are examined by observational epidemiologic studies, potential confounding and effect modification by other dietary factors should be controlled thoroughly.

Adult↗