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Biomedical subjects

S Tamai

Publications and source records attributed to S Tamai.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Lung cancer in chromate workers--analysis of 11 cases.

We have experienced 11 cases of lung carcinoma in workers at a chromate factory during the past 14 years. All patients were males. The age of onset ranged from 41 to 68 years. Ten of the 11 were heavy smokers. The time of exposure to chromate was from 17 to 29 years and the average was 23.9 years. Seven patients had perforation of their nasal septa. The primary sites of the cancers were from the lobar to the subsegmental bronchi. There were nine squamous cell carcinomas and three small cell carcinomas. Four squamous cell carcinomas were hilar type early stage cancers and two of them were found in one patient at the same time. The chromium content of the lung tissue in the seven patients tested was from 13.9 to 2,368.4 micrograms/g of dry tissue and was higher than that of lung cancer or non-lung cancer cases without chromate exposure. There was no severe dysplasia of the bronchial epithelium in these 11 patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Response and pharmacokinetics of cisplatin instilled into the pleural cavity].

The response and pharmacokinetics of cisplatin instilled into the pleural cavity were studied in 11 patients with malignant pleural effusion; 10 patients had primary lung cancer and one had breast cancer. All of them were adenocarcinoma histologically. In five of the 11 patients effusion disappeared and its cytology became negative for malignancy after four weeks. In the other six patients effusion was reduced and its cytology became negative for malignancy after four weeks. Toxicity was almost similar to that in systemic administration of cisplatin but a few patients had chest pain and fever possibly due to local irritation. The pharmacokinetics showed that a high concentration of cisplatin (free-form, 48.9 micrograms/ml) was maintained over a long period (free from (t 1/2) beta = 33.6 hours) in the pleural cavity. This was regarded as the reason for the high response to this therapy. The intrapleural instillation of cisplatin into the pleural cavity therefore seems to be an effective modality for malignant pleural effusion.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Tail-pinch method in vitro and the effects of some antinociceptive compounds.

An in vitro preparation for testing antinociceptive drugs is described. The preparation consists of isolated spinal cord, spinal nerve roots and functionally connected tail of the newborn rat. Noxious pressure stimulation given to the tail induced in a lumbar ventral root a depolarizing response of 1-2 mV lasting about 15-30 s, which is referred to as tail-pinch potential. Single shock stimulation of a lumbar dorsal root induced in the ipsilateral ventral root of the same segment monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflexes, which were followed by a depolarizing response lasting ca. 20 s. The latter slow response is referred to as ipsilateral slow ventral root potential (VRP). Morphine, [Met5]enkephalin, [Leu5]enkephalin and [D-Ala2,Met5]enkephalinamide depressed both the tail-pinch potential and the ipsilateral slow VRP, but did not exert any noticeable effect on the monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflexes. The effects of morphine and enkephalins were completely abolished by naloxone. Naloxone potentiated the tail-pinch potential and the ipsilateral slow VRP in the fresh preparations which had not been exposed to opiate compounds or enkephalins, suggesting that the endogenous enkephalinergic mechanism occurs in the spinal cord and modulates the incoming nociceptive signals. The present isolated spinal cord-tail preparation will be useful for studying actions of analgesic drugs and for screening compounds for analgesic effects.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1984

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in pleural effusions and sera of lung cancer patients.

For determining the value of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels in diagnosis of malignant tumors of the lung, the CEA levels in 187 specimens of pleural fluid and sera obtained simultaneously from patients with pleural fluid were measured. In all 70 patients with benign diseases, the CEA levels in the effusions were less than the cut-off value of 5 ng/ml (mean +/- SD: 1.44 +/- 1.01 ng/ml). In contrast, in 88 of 117 patients (75.2%) with malignant diseases, the CEA levels in the effusions were over 5 ng/ml (25.3 +/- 24.5 ng/ml) and in 58 of the 117 patients (50.4%), the CEA levels in the serum were values of 5 ng/ml or more (11.9 +/- 18.4 ng/ml). There was a significant correlation between the CEA levels in the effusions and in the sera. The CEA levels in effusions in patients with malignant lung tumors were usually much higher than those in their sera. The incidence of CEA levels of 5 ng/ml or more in both the serum and effusion was highest in the patients with adenocarcinoma. These data indicate that determination of the CEA level in effusions, when done in combination with cytological examinations, may have additional value in diagnosis of lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

[Local application of anti-cancer drugs for the treatment of malignant pleural and pericardial effusion].

Pleural effusion is a common complication in patients with malignant neoplasm. A randomized controlled study of intrapleural instillation of Adriamycin (control group, 30 patients) and Adriamycin Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (N-CWS group, 26 patients) with tube thoracostomy was performed in 55 patients with malignant pleural effusion due to primary lung cancer. The response rates for control of pleural effusion were 73.4% in the N-CWS group and 46.1% in the N-CWS group. These results suggest that intrapleural instillation using a combination of anti-cancer agent and immunopotentiator is an effective treatment for malignant pleurisy. Cardiac tamponade secondary to cancer is a life-threatening complication requiring immediate treatment. Twenty-four patients with malignant pericardial effusion were treated by intrapericardial instillation of anti-cancer drugs, such as Carbazilquinone, Mitomycin-C or ACNU, with pericardial drainage. The range of survival time from the instillation of anti-cancer drug was 3-365 days (average days). In only 4 patients, reaccumulation of pericardial effusion was recognized. There were no serious complications with this procedure. It was considered that local instillation of anti-cancer agents with pericardial drainage was a useful therapeutic modality for malignant pericarditis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Current status of orthopaedic microsurgery in Japan. Personal experience and review of the literature.

Among the Japanese contributions in reconstructive microsurgery, transplantation of composite tissues and replantation of amputated extremities are the most representative. With the standardization of the techniques of microsurgery and replantation, these operations have become relatively common. By July 1981, 3126 replantations had been performed in 78 hospitals with an 80%-90% success rate. Recently, surgeons have focused on the recovery of function. A recent analysis of the author's series of replantations through the end of 1980, using a scoring system of function evaluation criteria, showed that results in 72% of the 181 patients involving 259 upper extremity replants were excellent or good.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Peripheral lung carcinoid tumor producing predominantly gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP). Morphologic and hormonal studies.

A carcinoid tumor of the peripheral lung producing gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), a peptide hormone known to be present in the endocrine cells of fetal bronchial epithelium, is reported. Brain-gut peptide hormones in this tumor were assayed by radioimmunoassays, localized by immunohistochemistry and characterized by gel filtration. Electron microscopic study revealed that tumor cells resembled P-cells of normal human fetal bronchial epithelium. While GRP-containing cells were predominant in this tumor, calcitonin-containing cells were also found in some areas. Difference in distribution of hormones according to histologic features was noted in the tumor. A greater portion of the tumor showed spindled cells that predominantly contained GRP, and a smaller portion of the tumor showed cells arranged in tubular or trabecular patterns that mainly contained calcitonin. The gel-filtration pattern of the tumor extracts consisted of two peaks, one of these corresponded to the synthetic replicate of porcine GRP, and another was considered to correspond to C-terminal fragments of the peptide.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Thumb reconstruction with an iliac bone graft and a dorsalis pedis flap transplant including the extensor digitorum brevis muscle for restoring opposition: a case report.

A method for thumb reconstruction with an iliac bone graft and a dorsalis pedis flap transplant, including the extensor digitorum brevis muscle for restoring opposition, is presented. This case involved a 21-year-old man with a traumatically absent right thumb at the metacarpal base. Thumb reconstruction by means of an iliac bone graft with immediate transfer of a dorsalis pedis neurovascular sensory free flap, including the extensor digitorum brevis muscle to restore the opponens pollicis muscle, was carried out. After a period of six months he had gained satisfactory opposition of his newly reconstructed thumb to the ring finger, with evidence of contraction of the muscle on electromyograms.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Basal cells of the human bronchiole.

Basal cells of human bronchioles were studied by light and electron microscopic histochemistry, and compared with basal cells of major bronchi. Bronchiolar basal cells were found isolated or in isolated groups of a few linked cells. On the other hand, the basal cells of the major bronchi form virtually continuous layers covering the basement membrane. Bronchiolar basal cells were different in ultrastructure and alkaline phosphatase (ALP-ase) activity from basal cells of major bronchi. Bronchiolar basal cells showed intense ALP-ase activity on the plasma membrane, but basal cells of the major bronchi showed no activity. Basal cells of bronchioles were flattened, triangular or trapezoid in shape, and showed different organelle features from those of basal cells of major bronchi. ALP-ase positive bronchiolar flattened basal cells with pinocytoic vesicles were not myoepithelial cells, since actin was not demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. The role of basal cells in the renewal of epithelium appeared to be that of stem cells in both major bronchi and bronchioles, since basal cells of bronchioles appeared to differentiate directly to Clara cells, and to become ciliated cells via intermediate cells.

Actins↗
PubMed1983

[Conditions suitable for chemotherapy of lung cancer].

The influence of several factors for response to Chemotherapy and survival was analysed in 310 patients with inoperable lung cancer who were treated by single or combination chemotherapy. In small cell lung cancer, survival was strongly affected by the results of induction chemotherapy, and combination chemotherapy with three or four drugs was most effective. In non-small cell lung cancer, performance status and body weight loss on admission were important factors for response to chemotherapy and survival. Combinations did not improve the response rate in non-small cell lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

[Experience with microsurgical two-layer vasovasostomy].

Excellent results of vasectomy reversal have been reported by Silber and Owen in 1977 using microsurgical technique without splints. Herein, we report two cases of male sterility due to previous voluntary vasectomy in which fertility was restored by microsurgical vasovasostomy. The reason for vasectomy reversal in these cases was a subsequent marriage. Case 1: A 36-year-old male who had had vasectomy 3 years earlier, underwent vasovasostomy on September 20th 1976. The sperm granuloma was not found, but sperm was observed in the fluid from the proximal cut-end of the vas deferens at the time of operation. He fathered a baby on October 2, 1977. Case 2: A 43-year-old male who had had vasectomy 10 years ago underwent vasovasostomy on February 5th 1980. Sperm granuloma was observed at the time of operation. He fathered a baby on February 25th 1981. The important factors that determine the success of vasectomy reversal are the method and time of reversal. 1) Microsurgical two-layer vasovasostomy is the most reliable method among the various operations for vasectomy reversal. 2) A shorter duration between vasectomy and it's reversal, and the existence of sperm granuloma after previous vasectomy increase the possibility to restore fertility.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Vagal cardiac preganglionic neurons: distribution, cell types, and reflex discharges.

In chloralose- and urethan-anesthetized rats, the cardiac branch (CB) of the vagus nerve was electrically stimulated, and antidromic responses of medullary cells were recorded. The cells identified as the vagal cardiac preganglionic neurons (VCPN) were localized in the dorsal motor nucleus (ND group, 8 cells), a region in and around the nucleus ambiguus (NA group, 7 cells) and an intermediary zone (IM group, 2 cells) lying in between. Latencies of the antidromic responses were distinctly different among the three groups, and calculated conduction velocities indicated that the VCPN of the ND group possess C-fiber axons whereas those of the NA group and probably of the IM group, B-fiber axons. In another series of experiments, the right carotid sinus nerve (CSN) or the left cervical vagus nerve was stimulated, and efferent fiber group(s) mediating reflexly evoked discharges to the CB was determined by means of two-point recordings. Among reflex discharges evoked by stimulation of the CSN the shortest latency reflex was proved to be mediated by B-efferent fibers. In contrast, among reflex discharges evoked by stimulation of the vagus nerve, the greatest reflex component was found to be conveyed by C-efferent fibers. It was concluded that the VCPN consist of two types of cells, each located in a different region of the medulla oblongata and contributing to vagal cardiac reflex mechanisms in a different manner.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1982

Piperazinomycin, a new antifungal antibiotic. I. Fermentation, isolation, characterization and biological properties.

A new antifungal antibiotic, named piperazinomycin, was isolated from the cultured broth of Streptoverticillium olivoreticuli subsp. neoenacticus. The antibiotic was obtained from the mycelial cake by extraction with methanol and also from the broth filtrate by adsorption on Amberlite XAD-2 and subsequent elution with aqueous acetone. The antibitoic is of basic and lipophilic nature and can be extracted with methyl isobutyl ketone at alkaline pH. Its purification was carried out by column chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 and then on Sephadex G-15 followed by preparative thin-layer chromatography on silica gel. The molecular formula of piperazinomycin was determined to be C125H20NsO2 by high resolution mass spectrum and the spectroscopic and chemical properties were examined. Piperazinomycin showed inhibitory activity against fungi and yeasts, especially against Trichophyton.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed1982

[Combination chemotherapy with peplomycin and carboquone (esquinon) for squamous cell carcinoma of the lung].

Eighteen previously untreated patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung were treated with a combination of a new bleomycin derivative, peplomycin and esquinon (PQ). One patient achieved a complete response (5.5%) and 5 patients a partial response (27.8%). Overall response rate was 33.3%. Median survival time of 6 patients with complete and partial response was 54 weeks and that of 12 patients with no change and progressive disease was 15 weeks. Toxicities included nausea and/or vomiting in 89%, fever in 61%, interstitial pneumonitis in 28% and leukopenia in 17%. PQ regimen appears to be effective in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.

Aged↗