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Biomedical subjects

S Tamai

Publications and source records attributed to S Tamai.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Preoperative treatment of lymph node metastases of gastric cancer by local injection of 5-FU adsorbed on activated carbon--clinical study of 5-FU concentration in resected lymph nodes].

The concentration of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in blood and lymph node of 55 patients with gastric cancer who were endoscopically injected 250 mg of 5-FU alone or adsorbed on activated carbon into the gastric wall or 300 mg of 5-FU dry syrup orally before operation, were measured chronologically. The concentration of 5-FU in blood were similar in all cases but higher in lymph node in the group given adsorbed preparation than other cases. In the cases given adsorbed preparation, the lymph node concentration was remained high 7 days after injection, and in 37% cases more than the minimum inhibitory concentration of 5-FU remained. Therefore, for the purpose to elicit anticancer effect on micrometastasis in lymph nodes in the patients with gastric cancer, endoscopically preoperative injection of 5-FU adsorbed on activated carbon seemed to be useful.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1988

[Preoperative treatment of lymph node metastasis in cases of gastric cancer by local injection of anticancer drugs--preliminary report].

For the purpose of producing an anticancer effect on the micrometastasis of the lymph nodes and free cancer cells in the lymphatic ducts in a gastric cancer, activated charcoal was endoscopically injected into the gastric wall preoperatively in 49 cases to adsorb anticancer drugs. The correlation between the histological degree of black staining of the dissected lymph nodes and the clinicopathological factors was studied. Among 2,426 dissected lymph nodes, the degree of black staining was found to amount to 49.9%. Among 201 metastatic lymph nodes, the degree of black staining was 24.9%. Thus, the possibility of an anticancer effect was realized in 25% of the metastatic lymph nodes. From a study of the clinicopathological findings, the degree of black staining was low in cases of advanced cancer. In a histological study, the degree of black staining was found to be higher in the undifferentiated types than in the differentiated types, suggesting that there is a difference in the function of the lymph-reticulo-endothelial system according to the histological type.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1988

Tears of the rotator cuff of the shoulder associated with pathological changes in the acromion. A study in cadavera.

In 200 shoulders from cadavera, we studied the pathological changes on the undersurface of the acromion as associated with tears of the rotator cuff. After radiographic and histological analysis, we found that in the specimens that had a partial tear of the cuff the undersurface of the acromion was almost intact. Although a lesion in the anterior one-third of the undersurface of the acromion was always associated with a tear of the cuff, the reverse was not true. We concluded that the pathogenesis of most of the tears probably is a degenerative process.

Acromion↗
PubMed1987

A new disposable microvascular double clip.

A new disposable microvascular double clip made of polycarbonate has been designed. In order to investigate whether or not the clip causes vascular damage, experiments were conducted with scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, using the common carotid arteries of Fischer rats. The study revealed that the new clip did not produce any damage to the arterial wall. The clip has also been used in 30 clinical cases, with generally good results. The new microvascular clip is economical, atraumatic to the vascular wall, and is always in the best condition, because of its disposability. The device is very useful for both laboratory and clinical microvascular surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Experimental study of vascularized tibiofibula graft in inbred rats: a preliminary report.

An experimental study of vascularized tibiofibula grafts in inbred rats was performed. Roentgenologic and histologic changes of the grafted bone in the first seven postoperative weeks were especially investigated. After preliminary experiments on the vascular anatomy of the lower limbs of rats, tibiofibular vascularized grafts with femoral artery and vein were utilized in Fischer strain F-344 rats. The rate of bony union in the vascularized graft group was superior to that in the nonvascularized control groups. Fluorochrome-labeling studies of the grafted bone at the mid-diaphysis showed active periosteal new bone formation, following the vascularized graft. In contrast, normal tibial bone growth at the mid-diaphysis was mainly endosteal. However, both vascularized graft and normal bone demonstrated evidence of a "drift phenomenon" in the direction of growth. Since the life cycle of the rat is very short, compared with other laboratory animals, this experimental model may be useful in investigating the postoperative course of vascularized bone grafts with a short follow-up period.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Genesis of the ball-and-socket ankle.

Ball-and-socket ankle is a rare deformity associated with such pre-existing conditions as congenital shortening of the lower limb, coalition of tarsal bones, absent digital rays and aplasia or hypoplasia of the fibula. We have observed seven patients with this deformity for an average of six years from initial examination at 20 days to 3.5 years. Arthrography showed that the configuration of the ankle was apparently normal in patients under 10 months of age and that a ball-and-socket joint develops by four to five years of age, possibly in compensation for the loss of inversion and eversion caused by tarsal coalition. Ball-and-socket joint is therefore probably not congenital, but is an acquired deformity secondary to various pre-existing congenital conditions.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1986

Alternating non-cross resistant chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer.

After stratification for the extent of disease, previously untreated patients with small cell lung cancer randomized to receive therapy with the four-drug combination of cyclophosphamide, oncovin, nimustine hydrochloride (ACNU), and procarbazine (CONP) every four weeks (continuous regimen) or to receive CONP alternating with the three-drug combination of etoposide (VP-16), adriamycin and cisplatin (VAD) at four-week intervals (alternating regimen). Sixty-nine patients were entered in the study. Of 34 evaluable patients receiving the continuous regimen, six (17.6%) achieved complete response (CR) and 16 (47.1%) achieved partial response (PR). Of 31 evaluable patients receiving the alternating regimen, 10 (32.3%) achieved CR, and 16 (51.6%) achieved PR. There was a tendency in favor of the alternating regimen in CR and over-all response rates (0.05 less than p less than 0.1). There were no significant differences between the regimens in response duration or survival. The projected median survival times were 9.2 months and 9.4 months for the continuous and alternating regimens, respectively. One patient receiving the continuous regimen and three receiving the alternating regimen have been living for more than two years. The major toxicity was myelosuppression in both regimens. One patient died of hemorrhage due to thrombocytopenia during induction with CONP, and one patient died of cisplatin-induced renal failure. We conclude that alternating non-cross resistant chemotherapy leads to improved CR and response rates, but does not improve survival.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Reconstruction of chronic massive rotator cuff tears with synthetic materials.

Synthetic materials for repairing experimental massive rotator cuff tears were investigated in 60 rats. The same materials were investigated for massive rotator cuff ruptures in 25 patients. The materials were well tolerated when used for repair of torn segments of the musculotendinous cuff. Of 25 patients with massive rotator cuff tears, 23 had satisfactory functional results. The muscle strength tests on tendons repaired with Teflon felt (which was thicker than the other materials) were superior to results of repairs with other materials; 3-5 mm proved to be the optimum thickness of Teflon felt used for repair of the musculotendinous cuff.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

A pharmacological study on respiratory rhythm in the isolated brainstem-spinal cord preparation of the newborn rat.

An in vitro brainstem-spinal cord preparation of the newborn rat was used to examine the effects of neurotransmitters and transmitter candidates on respiratory frequency. Spontaneous periodic depolarization of the spinal ventral roots of the 4th or 5th cervical segment was observed at a frequency of 5-15 min-1 constantly for more than 5 h. The frequency of this depolarization was monitored as an index of the respiratory frequency. An elevation of the concentration of Ca2+ or Mg2+ caused a decrease in the respiratory frequency, whereas an elevation of K+ concentration caused an increase. The frequency was also increased by a reduction of pH. The highest frequency was observed at 27-28 degrees C. Dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, histamine, acetylcholine, glutamic acid, substance P, and thyrotropin releasing hormone accelerated the respiratory frequency when applied by perfusion to the brainstem, whereas noradrenaline, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glycine, and [Met5] enkephalin and [Leu5] enkephalin slowed the frequency. Experiments with antagonists suggested that the stimulant effect of acetylcholine on respiratory frequency was mediated mainly by muscarinic receptors and the depressant effect of noradrenaline was mediated by alpha-adrenoceptors.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1985

[Phase II study of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) for non-small cell lung cancer].

A phase II study of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) (CDDP) was performed in 83 patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer (21 squamous cell carcinomas, 57 adenocarcinomas and 5 large cell carcinomas). CDDP was given by i.v. infusion at a dosage of 50 mg/m2 (low-dose regimen) or 80-100 mg/m2 (high-dose regimen) every 3 to 4 weeks. Seventy-nine out of 83 patients were evaluable for tumor response. Sixteen of these evaluable patients achieved complete or partial response, and the overall response rate was 20.3%. The response rates were 27.8% in patients with squamous cell carcinoma and 19.6% in those with adenocarcinoma. None of the patients with large cell carcinoma responded. The high-dose regimen was superior to the low-dose regimen in response rate (25.6% versus 5.8%). The responders survived significantly longer than patients with NC (p = 0.02) or PD (p = 0.003). Leukopenia of less than 3000/mm3 occurred in 12.1% of cases, and thrombocytopenia of less than 7 X 10(4)/mm3 occurred in 7.6%. A transient elevation of serum creatinine value was observed in 9 patients (10.8%). Moderate to severe nausea and/or vomiting occurred in almost all patients. It was therefore considered that CDDP was one of the most effective agents for non-small cell lung cancer with tolerable toxic effects.

Adenocarcinoma↗