Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Tamai

Publications and source records attributed to S Tamai.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Difference in the in vitro uptake of bromodeoxyuridine between liver cirrhosis with and without hepatocellular carcinoma.

With the aim of examining increasing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis of liver cirrhotic tissue when hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is developing, bromodeoxyuridine labeling indices (BrdU LI) of liver biopsy specimens from 19 control cirrhotic (control LC) patients without HCC, 19 cirrhotic patients with HCC, and from six control subjects were examined using an in vitro labeling technique. The mean BrdU LI +/- SD of HCC cancerous portion, HCC non-cancerous cirrhotic portion, control LC, and of control subjects were 7.2 +/- 2.9%, 3.3 +/- 1.5%, 2.1 +/- 1.7%, and 0.25 +/- 0.09%, respectively. Interesting enough, there was a significant difference (P less than 0.05) between the non-cancerous cirrhotic portion and control LC. Although all 17 non-cancerous cirrhotic portion belonged to the high LI group (greater than or equal to 1.5%), 10 of 19 in the control LC belonged to the low LI group (less than 1.5%) (P less than 0.001). The authors conclude that HCC would develop in the cirrhotics with high DNA synthetic potency.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Changes in liver and spleen volume in alcoholic liver fibrosis of man.

Alcoholic liver fibrosis is a relatively common form of alcoholic liver disease in Japan. It is regarded by some investigators as a prodromal stage of alcoholic liver cirrhosis, but little is known about the volumes of the liver and spleen in this disease state. Therefore, liver and spleen volumes were measured by computed tomography in 32 patients with alcoholic liver fibrosis in comparison with 10 healthy volunteers. Patients with alcoholic liver fibrosis were divided into three subgroups (13 of Grade 1, 9 of Grade 2 and 10 of Grade 3) according to the severity of fibrosis. The volume was calculated from the sum of the area measurements of successive transverse sections of the two organs. The liver volume (mean +/- S.D.) in Grade 2 alcoholic liver fibrosis (1,281 +/- 112 cm3) was significantly (p less than 0.01) larger than in healthy volunteers (1,017 +/- 73 cm3) and in Grade 1 (1,090 +/- 157 cm3), and the liver volume in Grade 3 (1,490 +/- 132 cm3) was larger than in Grade 2 (p less than 0.01). The mean volume of hepatocytes estimated by a two-dimensional image analysis system was significantly (p less than 0.05) larger in Grade 3 than in Grade 2, and that in Grade 2 was larger than in Grade 1. The spleen volume in Grade 3 (151 +/- 40 cm3) was significantly (p less than 0.01) larger than in healthy volunteers (86 +/- 26 cm3), Grade 1 (89 +/- 38 cm3) and Grade 2 (68 +/- 19 cm3). The presumed reason for hepatic volume increase would be the ballooning of hepatocytes along with increased fibrotic component.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Treatment of skin and median nerve defects with peroneal neurofasciocutaneous flap.

A large neurofasciocutaneous flap that consisted of a peroneal flap and a segment of sural nerve was used in the simultaneous reconstruction of a large soft tissue and nerve defect caused by a crushing injury of the distal forearm. A 10 x 15 cm peroneal flap, including a 10 cm segment of sural nerve, was successfully transferred to an 8 x 12 cm skin defect, reconstructing a 5 cm defect of the median nerve. Two years after repair, the opponens pollicis muscle showed good contraction, although palmar abduction of the thumb remained poor. Static two-point discrimination was 20 mm on the pulp surface of both thumb and index finger and 15 mm on the middle finger.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Neural crest origin of clear cell sarcoma of tendons and aponeuroses. Ultrastructural and enzyme cytochemical study of human and nude mouse-transplanted tumours.

In order to clarify the histogenesis of clear cell sarcoma of tendons and aponeuroses (CCS), two cases of human and one nude mouse-transplanted CCS line were studied using an ultrastructural and enzyme cytochemical approach. Most of the tumour cells obtained from the primary and transplanted CCS demonstrated melanosomes in various stages of development within the cytoplasm, whereas no melanosomes could be identified in the metastatic CCS. However, cholinesterase and tyrosinase activities could be demonstrated not only in the melanotic primary and transplanted CCS but also in the amelanotic metastatic CCS. The results therefore support the hypothesis that CCS is a soft tissue tumour derived from the neural crest.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of endocrinological stress response associated with transvaginal ultrasound-guided oocyte pick-up under halothane anaesthesia and neuroleptanaesthesia.

Twelve patients with mechanical infertility in the in vitro fertilization program were studied. Seven of them received halothane anaesthesia and the other five received neuroleptanaesthesia. Higher plasma prolactin levels and lower plasma progesterone levels were observed in the neuroleptanaesthesia group than in the halothane group during and after transvaginal ultrasound-guided oocyte pick-up. Plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol levels of the patients suggested that surgical stress was minimal in both groups. It is likely that droperidol and fentanyl, both used in neuroleptanaesthesia, were responsible for the hyperprolactinaemia which was followed by inhibition of progesterone production. These agents, therefore, are not recommended as anaesthetic agents for transvaginal ultrasound-guided oocyte pick-up.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1989

The importance of venous drainage in rat flaps: an experimental study.

Venous drainage of musculocutaneous grafts prepared on the backs of rats survived successfully by preserving the draining vein. Even in musculocutaneous flaps, venous drainage at the distal part of the flap plays an important role in a successful take. An experiment was prepared in a rat model in which the iliolumbar veins were utilized as the draining veins, and musculocutaneous flaps, 4 x 10 cm in size, were created. In this experiment, it was shown that even in random pattern musculocutaneous flaps, necrosis can be prevented by preserving the draining vein.

Angiography↗
PubMed1989

Continuous local intra-arterial infusion of anticoagulants for digit replantation and treatment of damaged arteries.

From May 1958 to May 1987, 428 upper extremities were replanted, with an overall survival rate of 87.4 percent. With the aim of increasing the survival rate a new method was tried. Unlike conventional continuous intravenous infusion, a Teflon catheter (28 gauge) was inserted into the proximal main artery of the anastomosed artery, and a daily dose of 80 ml comprising 240,000 U of urokinase, 40 micrograms of prostaglandin E1, 10,000 U (maximum) of heparin, and low molecular weight dextran was administered by means of continuous infusion for the 10 consecutive days, during which arterial thrombosis is likely to occur. Thirteen cases (replantations and damaged digital arteries) survived without any re-operation for arterial thrombus. There were statistically significant differences (p less than 0.025) in platelet count, fibrinogen, and AT III preoperatively and three days postoperatively. There were also statistically significant differences (p less than 0.05) in prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, and clotting time between pre-operative measurements and those taken four and 15 hr postoperative, but those data remained within normal range. No abnormalities were present in the arteries through which the catheter was inserted, as validated by postoperative digital subtraction angiography.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Pedicled and "flow-through" venous flaps: clinical applications.

Recently, the pedicled venous flap and "flow-through" venous flap have been the focus of increasing attention for skin defects of the fingers and hands. For successful venous flap use, the following approaches have been suggested: (1) a pedicled venous flap with preservation of the draining veins alone; (2) a "flow-through" flap with preservation of a flow-through vein in the flap; and (3) an arterialized "flow-through" venous flap which ensures arterial blood flow into the flap. Based on findings that venous blood is helpful in flap survival, the authors made use of the first two flap types, the pedicled venous flap and the "flow-through" venous flap and attempted to establish and clarify reasonable conditions for flap survival. Venous pressure of the finger and elbow was measured and venographies of the finger and hand were also carried out. The following conditions are regarded as essential in successful venous flap procedures: (a) use of a venous flap with a rich venous network; (b) preservation of many "flow-through" veins; (c) harvesting a pedicled venous flap where the veins have afferent (reversed) venous pressure; and (d) anastomosing veins of the "flow-through" flap with recipient veins where high efferent venous pressure exists and differential pressure is observed. Clinical cases are presented and the authors attempt to explain flap failure from previously unknown causes. Conditions for flap harvesting are also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Experimental studies of skin flaps with subcutaneous veins.

The authors have previously reported that skin flaps with subcutaneous veins nourished by arterial or venous inflow survived, despite being sited on recipient beds with poor circulation. In these previous studies, experimental models were based on axial pattern flaps of rabbit ears. However, for clinical application, there are problems in the use of axial pattern flaps with central vessels. This report classifies skin flaps with subcutaneous veins and produces experimental models that are suitable for clinical application and investigation of survival rates. Thirty-seven rabbits (74 ears) were used in this study. A 3.0-cm x 4.5-cm skin flap with only a "passing" vein (one that traveled through the tissue without major branches to that tissue) was raised at the level of the perichondrium on the dorsum of the auricular cartilage. The flaps were divided into three groups: Group A--composite flaps (n = 10); Group B--totally venous perfused flaps (n = 30); and Group C--afferent arterialized venous perfused flaps (n = 34). More than 80 percent of the flaps became necrotic in Group A. In Group B, 18 of 20 survived with partial superficial necrosis and two became more necrotic. In Group C, 18 of 21 flaps survived with superficial necrosis and three became more necrotic. Microangiographically, as concerns the "passing" veins in Groups B and C flaps, all of the flaps survived with only superficial necrosis. The skin flaps with subcutaneous veins survived as total venous perfusion flaps (TVPF) and as arterialized afferent venous perfusion flaps (AAVPF) even though the artery was not included in the flap. The experimental model is suitable for the investigation of the clinically unconventional flap.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Recalcitrant chronic adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder. Role of contracture of the coracohumeral ligament and rotator interval in pathogenesis and treatment.

Seventeen patients who had recalcitrant chronic adhesive capsulitis were operated on between 1979 and 1986 and were followed for an average of 6.8 years. At operation, the major cause of the restricted glenohumeral movement was found to be contracture of the coracohumeral ligament and rotator interval. Release of the contracted structures relieved pain and restored motion of the shoulder in all patients. Histological study showed fibrosis, hyalinization, and fibrinoid degeneration in the contracted connective tissues, as well as fibrosis of the subsynovial tissue and an absence of the synovial cell layer on the joint side of the rotator interval. The contracture of the coracohumeral ligament and rotator interval appears to be the main lesion in chronic adhesive capsulitis. Resection of these structures, combined with appropriate exercise, will relieve pain and restore motion to the shoulder.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Experimental study on secondary living bone graft--method of creating new donor by vascular bundle implantation to isolated bone].

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the possibility of creating a new donor for a vascularized bone graft by a vascular bundle implantation to an isolated bone. Preliminary experiments on rats were performed preliminarily in order to investigate the revascularization of bone by a vascular bundle implantation and/or by implanting in muscular tissues (experiment-1). When a vascular bundle was implanted to the intramedullary cavity of an isolated bone and then the bone was implanted in muscular tissues, the isolated bone was more readily revascularized and revitalized than under other conditions. In experiment-2, the revascularized bone was transferred to the abdominal subcutaneous space on the vascular pedicle that was an implanted vascular bundle. Histologic and fluorochrome bone labeling studies showed that the revascularized bone was kept revitalized after the transfer. These results demonstrate that muscle and vascular bundle co-operated effectively in the revascularization of bone. Vascular bundle can also act as a pedicle for transferring the revascularized bone.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Reconstruction of neglected Achilles tendon rupture with Marlex mesh.

Reconstruction of the neglected Achilles tendon rupture was performed with marlex mesh on six patients. Marlex mesh was folded into three layers and sandwiched between both ruptured ends that were divided horizontally into two layers in moderate tension. All of the patients showed satisfactory function with a mean follow-up period of 3 years (range, 2.4-3.7 years). The operative procedure is simple because there is no need to harvest healthy tendon or fascia as the donor and there is less adhesion with neighboring tissues and minimal signs of foreign-body reactions.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1988

Interleukin-6 stimulates the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone in conscious, freely-moving rats.

In order to assess the effect of interleukin-6 on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, we administered recombinant human interleukin-6 to conscious, freely-moving rats. The intravenous injection of interleukin-6 significantly increased the plasma level of adrenocorticotropic hormone 30 min after the injection in a dose-related manner. Immunoneutralization of corticotropin-releasing hormone blocked the stimulatory effects of interleukin-6 on adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion. These observations suggest that interleukin-6 stimulates the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone through the corticotropin-releasing hormone and is possibly involved in the interaction between the neuroendocrine and immune system.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1988

Musculocutaneous grafts with draining vein: an experimental study.

Venous drainage of a musculocutaneous graft was shown to be of importance for the prevention of necrosis and successful graft take. An experimental model was provided in which the iliolumbar veins were used as draining veins in creating musculocutaneous grafts 4 X 3 cm and 4 X 6 cm in size. In the study, it was demonstrated that necrosis could be prevented by preserving draining veins. The number and size of these veins were of some significance in the survival of the grafts.

Angiography↗
PubMed1988

Skin graft including subcutaneous vein: experimental study and clinical applications.

Skin grafting, using full and split thickness techniques, may yield poor results when satisfactory circulation is not restored in the recipient bed. Using a rabbit ear model with a vein located in the center of the graft, donor skin and subcutaneous vein were raised simultaneously, and the vein was preserved, resulting in a viable passage for inflow and outflow. Grafts were shown to survive in this experimental group when circulation was satisfactory after venous preservation. In the control group with no vein preservation, all grafts became necrotic. These results were clinically applied for cases in which skin defects, caused by finger trauma, resulted in poor circulation in the recipient bed. Skin and subcutaneous vein were simultaneously taken from the forearm and grafted successfully, resulting in excellent prognoses.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Factors influencing the failure of microsurgical composite tissue transplantation.

To increase the possibility of successful composite tissue transplantations, it is important to decide where an anastomosis should be done if the recipient artery is damaged. Experiments in the reported study demonstrated first, that if there is a branch from a damaged artery that constitutes a sufficient collateral route, the success rate of anastomosis just above the branch is significantly higher than just below (p less than 0.01). Second, when recipient arteries are dissected in preparation for anastomosis, the vessels should have high-pressure outflow to assure a successful outcome. Third, if both recipient and donor arteries are normal and not damaged, anastomosis where turbulence is likely to occur will present no problems. Finally, anastomosis of vessels 0.7 mm in external diameter can be uniformly successful.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗