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Biomedical subjects

S Sano

Publications and source records attributed to S Sano.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Factors influencing the postoperative range of motion in total knee arthroplasty.

This study was undertaken to assess the factors influencing the postoperative range of motion after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). From January 1986 to December 1991, 111 TKA (Miller-Galante I System) surgeries were performed in 71 patients. Of those, 90 joints in 60 patients were kept under observation as the materials of this study. These patients included 37 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 23 with osteoarthritis. The patients were divided into four groups according to postoperative range of motion (ROM), at the time averaging 51 months. The excellent group, defined as having more than 130 degrees range of motion consisted of 10 knees in 6 patients. The good group of 120 to 129 degrees had 19 knees in 13 patients; the fair group of 91 to 119 degrees consisted of 40 knees in 24 patients. In the poor group of 90 degrees or less there were 21 knees in 17 patients. Each group of patients was examined preoperatively, operatively, and postoperatively for factors relating to range of motion after TKA. The results of this study indicated factors influencing the ROM were: preoperative ROM, the primary indication, heights of postoperative joint line, patellar thickness, postoperative pain, and successive postoperative rehabilitation.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[A case of congenital atrial flutter associated with atrial septal defect].

We report the case of a 8-month-old boy with atrial septal defect associated with congenital atrial flutter. He was operated on for ASD successfully. Atrial flutter in infants has been reported to be uncommon and to have a poor prognosis when associated with underlying cardiac disease. Therefore, early surgical intervention may improve the prognosis.

Atrial Flutter↗
PubMed1993

[Perioperative insertion of peritoneal dialysis catheter].

Silicon rubber peritoneal dialysis catheter (Tenkoff) was inserted perioperatively in neonates undergoing cardiac surgery and also in those patients in whom right-sided heart failure may occur. This method is easy and safe even in neonates. Post operative excessive fluid retention could be avoided using this method.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1993

Criteria to select proper valve prosthesis for aortic valve replacement. Comparative assessment of various valve prostheses via continuous wave Doppler echocardiography.

Continuous wave Doppler echocardiography was used to measure pressure gradients (PG) across various aortic valve prostheses [St. Jude Medical (SJM) valve: 55 cases; Björk-Shiley (B-S) valve: 18 cases; Lillehei-Kaster (L-K) valve: 25 cases; and Omniscience (O-S) valve: 49 cases]. Disc-opening angles of the L-K and O-S valves were measured via cineradiography. Pressure gradient across the SJM valve tended to be low. Increase in pressure gradients during exercise tended to be greater in the small valves. There was a significant correlation between the valve area index (VAI) and pressure gradients in the SJM valve (PG = 85.3-40.2 x VAI, r = -0.71, p < 0.005) and in the B-S valve (PG = 64.6-23.3 x VAI, r = -0.89, p < 0.025). To keep pressure gradients below 20 mmHg, SJM valve #23 and B-S valve #25 should be selected for patients with a body surface area of 1.3-1.7 m2. In the L-K and O-S valves, there was no significant correlation between VAI and PG, likely because the disc-opening angles of these valves were suboptimal--averaging 57 degrees in the L-K valve and 47 degrees in the O-S valve. None of the patients with SJM or B-S valves had pressure gradients of 50 mmHg or above. However, pressure gradients exceeded 50 mmHg in 7 cases with the L-K valve (28%) and 10 with the O-S valve (20%), suggesting the necessity of careful follow-up in patients with these prostheses.

Aortic Valve↗
PubMed1993

[A case of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the high superior vena cava with intact atrial septum].

A 16-year-old female with partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the high superior vena cava underwent a successful correction using only autologous pericardium. Right upper pulmonary venous blood returned to the left atrium via the superior vena cava and the constructed atrial septal defect. The right atrium received blood from the brachiocephalic vein through the conduit. The azygos vein was not identified. Post-operative examination revealed that there were no pressure gradients across the superior vena cava and the conduit. She was discharged from the hospital on the 14th post-operative day.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Bacterial tympanogenic labyrinthitis, meningitis, and sensorineural damage.

Pathologic changes (sensorineural hearing loss, labyrinthitis, meningitis) can follow otitis media. Various macromolecular substances demonstrably enter the inner ear via the round window membrane, but its permeability to bacteria is less known. We inoculated Streptococcus pneumoniae type 7F bilaterally into the middle ears of two groups of chinchillas, with and without grafted round window membranes. Inner ears of inoculated animals were observed by light and electron microscopy. None with continuous grafts had labyrinthitis. Bacteria penetrated all three layers of nongrafted round window membranes and into all cochlear turns, entering Schuknecht's channels and following neuronal pathways; nerves were often degenerated, hair cells were damaged or missing, and the stria vascularis was edematous and hemorrhagic. The neural damage suggests a mechanism for the hearing loss that can follow otitis media. Absence of labyrinthitis and meningitis in grafted animals suggests a tympanogenic pathway for the bacteria.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Primary cultures of middle ear epithelial cells from chinchillas.

A reproducible method is presented for primary cultures of middle ear epithelial cells (MEEC) from chinchillas. The MEEC were first dissociated with protease and grown on collagen-coated membrane using a culture medium containing equal volumes of Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium and Ham's F12 supplemented with 0.5% fetal bovine serum. Outgrowth of cells was first noted within 24 h, reaching confluency in 6-7 days. These cells grew in a monolayer and appeared to be ovoid or polygonal. By immunofluorescence microscopy, these cells stained for cytokeratin, but not for type III collagen. In contrast, fibroblasts stained for type III collagen, but not for cytokeratin. Based on growth characteristics, morphology, and immunofluorescent findings, these cells were determined to be epithelial cells. To retard the outgrowth of fibroblasts, 5 mM putrescine was added to the culture medium on the 2nd day of explant. Contamination with fibroblasts was consistently less than 5% when defined as type III collagen-positive cells. Establishment of a method for the primary culture of MEEC will provide a new approach for studying the role of epithelial cells in the pathogenesis of various types of otitis media.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Increase in nucleoside diphosphatase in rat brain striatum lesioned with kainic acid.

The activity of ammoniagenesis from guanine nucleotides was found to increase significantly in rat brain after infusion of kainic acid into the striatum. Among the enzymes involved in degrading guanine nucleotides, nucleoside diphosphatase was markedly increased in the lesioned striatum. The enzyme activity began to increase 2 days after the infusion, and reached the maximum on the 13th day, the level being 4 times as high as that of the intact contralateral region. The increased activity was due to Type L enzyme, judging from its substrate specificity. Puromycin and cycloheximide inhibited this increase, indicating that the increased activity resulted from an increase in the net synthesis of the enzyme. These findings suggest that Type L NDPase might play some important roles in gliosis after neuronal lesion.

Acid Anhydride Hydrolases↗
PubMed1992

Tetralogy of Fallot: favorable outcome of nonneonatal transatrial, transpulmonary repair.

This report describes our experience with 366 patients who had a transatrial, transpulmonary repair of tetralogy of Fallot between December 1980 and December 1991. Included in this group are patients with tetralogy of Fallot plus atrioventricular septal defect as well as patients displaying all degrees of aortic override (in the presence of subaortic ventricular septal defect and right ventricular outflow tract obstruction). Median age was 15.3 months and median weight, 12.3 kg. Of the 366 patients, 72% required a pericardial patch to reconstruct the main pulmonary artery or right ventricular outflow tract. Serious coronary anomalies were seen in 11 patients, without influencing surgical approach. There were two hospital deaths (0.5%; 70% confidence limits, 0.2% to 1.2%). Actuarial survival was 97.5% at 42 months (95% confidence limits, 95% to 99%) reflecting four late deaths over 1,129 patient-years of follow-up. Postoperative cardiac catheterization studies were performed in 61 patients at a mean follow-up interval of 23 months. Mean right ventricular/left ventricular systolic pressure ratio after repair was 0.46 (standard deviation, 0.28), and mean gradient across the right ventricular outflow tract was 15 mm Hg (standard deviation, 24 mm Hg). Actuarial freedom from reoperation for any reason has been 95% (95% confidence limits, 92% to 97%) at 5-year and 10-year follow-up. These early and medium-term results encourage us to continue with transatrial, transpulmonary repair of tetralogy of Fallot. We believe that this approach has an operative risk similar to or lower than transventricular repair, and that it will result in better preservation of right ventricular function in the long term.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1992

Repair of hypoplastic or interrupted aortic arch via sternotomy.

Herein we describe our experience with repair of interrupted aortic arch and coarctation plus hypoplastic aortic arch in 55 consecutive infants (1984 to 1990). Median age at operation was 6 days and median weight 3.1 kg. Associated severe intracardiac anomalies were the rule. All patients had significant congestive cardiac failure, and the majority required prostaglandin E1 resuscitation and inotropic support (with or without ventilation) before the operation. All operations were performed via sternotomy with core cooling and circulatory arrest. Isolated myocardial perfusion was used in 13 patients during arch repair. A complete intracardiac (biventricular) repair was performed except in patients expected to require a Fontan operation as definitive treatment. The operative mortality overall was 14.5% (confidence limits 10% to 22%). For arch repair plus biventricular intracardiac repair, the operative mortality was 9% (confidence limits 5% to 15%), and for arch repair plus palliative intracardiac repair, 40% (confidence limits 22% to 60%). The mortality in the isolated myocardial perfusion group was 0% (confidence limits 0% to 14%), which may be related to reduced myocardial ischemic time (p less than 0.05). Actuarial survival was 75% (confidence limits 65% to 83%) at 12 months, with no subsequent deaths over 1294 patient-months (mean 28 months) of follow-up. Actuarial freedom from recurrent arch obstruction was 69% (confidence limits 48% to 85%) at 46 months' follow-up. Primary repair of interrupted aortic arch and coarctation plus hypoplastic arch compares favorably with a staged approach and is recommended even when complex intracardiac anatomy is present.

Aorta, Thoracic↗
PubMed1992

[Congenital lobar emphysema successfully treated by right upper lobectomy at five hours after delivery: a case report].

Lobar emphysema is a rare disease and one of the causes of respiratory disturbance in the newborn and infancy. A case report is presented and compared with related data in the literature in Japan. Maternal echographic findings indicated the cystic lung disease of the fetus. The cystic space was punctured and aspirated three times. The baby was delivered by caesarean section after having taken sufficient precaution to prevent respiratory failure. Since the baby developed dyspnea gradually, at five hours following the delivery, right upper lobectomy was performed and the major symptoms were eliminated. The pathological diagnosis was congenital lobar emphysema and the etiology was concluded to be bronchiectasis.

Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of Lung, Congenita↗
PubMed1991

Purification and characterization of phytase from rat intestinal mucosa.

Phytase (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate phosphohydrolase; EC 3.1.3.8 or 3.1.3.26) was purified from rat intestinal mucosa. The purified enzyme preparation exhibited two protein bands on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with estimated molecular masses of 70 kDa and 90 kDa. Rabbit antisera prepared against the 90K subunit cross-reacted with the 70K subunit on immunoblotting. The peptide maps of the 70K and 90K subunits were similar, and the N-terminal amino acid sequences of the two subunit proteins were almost identical. Treatments to remove sugar moieties from the proteins showed that the two subunit proteins had different oligosaccharide chains, although the difference in their molecular masses was not due to the difference in their oligosaccharide compositions. The purified enzyme also showed activity of alkaline phosphatase (orthophosphoric monoester phosphohydrolase; EC 3.1.3.1), but the properties of the two enzyme activities were different; the optimum pH for phytase activity was 7.5, while that for alkaline phosphatase was 10.4. Phytase activity did not necessarily require divalent cations, while Mg2+ was essential for alkaline phosphatase activity. Phenylalanine, a specific inhibitor of intestine-type alkaline phosphatase had no effect on the phytase activity.

6-Phytase↗
PubMed1991

Operations for subaortic stenosis in univentricular hearts.

Optimal prevention and treatment of subaortic stenosis (SAS) in the univentricular heart with subaortic outlet chamber and high pulmonary blood flow remains controversial, especially when complicated by aortic arch obstruction. Herein we analyze our surgical results. Group 1 consisted of 11 infants (mean age, 10 days) with univentricular heart and SAS. Ten required repair of interrupted aortic arch (n = 7) or coarctation with hypoplastic arch (n = 7). Four patients had relief of SAS by either Damus-Kaye-Stansel connection (n = 2) or aortopulmonary window (n = 2), with three operative deaths and one late death. Six had one-stage arterial switch and atrial septectomy with arch repair (5/6) with one operative death and one late death. Two survivors have progressed to bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt, a third has had a Fontan operation, and a fourth awaits Fontan. In group 2, 11 children required operation for acquired SAS after pulmonary artery banding. Nine have progressed to Fontan operation with either staged (n = 3) or concurrent (n = 6) relief of SAS by Damus-Kaye-Stansel connection or subaortic resection. Fontan mortality was 11% (70% confidence limits, 2% to 32%). Group 3 consisted of 3 patients without pulmonary artery banding who had SAS diagnosed at Fontan evaluation. All 3 survived Fontan operation and relief of SAS by Damus-Kaye-Stansel connection or subaortic resection. Group 4 consisted of 1 patient with previous pulmonary artery banding (no SAS) who underwent Fontan operation but required Damus-Kaye-Stansel connection 30 months later for SAS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1991

Extracardiac valved conduits in the pulmonary circuit.

Extracardiac valved conduits represent one of the weakest facets of reconstructive surgery for congenital heart disease in that they invariably need to be replaced because of growth of the patient or because of valve or conduit failure. Between 1979 and 1989, 141 patients had 169 valved conduits placed between the heart and the pulmonary artery circuit. There were 81 male and 60 female patients, aged 2 days to 35 years (mean age, 5.9 years), with 46 patients less than 1 year of age. We performed primary repair in 117 patients; in this group, there have been 28 conduit replacements in 27 patients. In 17 patients initial repair with a conduit was performed elsewhere and we replaced these conduits in 15 and removed them in 2. A further group of 9 patients were seen after repair of tetralogy of Fallot or double-outlet right ventricle, with severe pulmonary incompetence or right ventricular outflow tract aneurysm. All had valved conduits inserted as secondary procedures. The types of valved conduits used were xenograft (n = 126) and homograft (n = 43). There were six hospital deaths (3.6%; 70% confidence limits [CL], 2% to 6%) and seven late deaths (4.1%; CL, 2.5% to 6.5%) in a total of 169 conduit insertions. Forty-five conduits have been removed and 43 reinserted without early or late mortality (0%; CL, 0% to 4%). Actuarial survival after conduit insertion was 87% at 5 years (CL, 80% to 92%), including operative mortality. Actuarial freedom from conduit replacement was 37% at 5 years (CL, 20% to 56%). Conduit insertion in infants and small children ensures subsequent replacement, but this can be done at low risk.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Development of an integrated filing system for endoscopic images.

A new integrated filing system for endoscopic images has been developed, comprising a main image filing system and subsystems located at different stations. A hybrid filing system made up of both digital and analog filing devices was introduced to construct this system that combines the merits of the two filing methods. Each subsystem provided with a video processor, is equipped with a digital filing device, and routine images were recorded in the analog image filing device of the main system. The use of a multi-input adapter enabled simultaneous input of analog images from up to 8 video processors. Recorded magneto-optical disks make it possible to recall the digital images at any station in the hospital; the disks are copied without image degradation and also utilised for image processing. This system promises reliable storage and integrated, efficient management of endoscopic information. It also costs less to install than the so-called PACS (picture archiving and communication system), which connects all the stations of the hospital using optical fiber cables.

Analog-Digital Conversion↗
PubMed1991

Expression of adhesion molecules in leprosy lesions.

Leprosy presents as a clinical spectrum that is precisely paralleled by a spectrum of immunological reactivity. The disease provides a useful and accessible model, in this case in the skin, in which to study the dynamics of cellular immune responses to an infectious pathogen, including the role of adhesion molecules in those responses. In lesions characterized by strong delayed-type hypersensitivity against Mycobacterium leprae (tuberculoid, reversal reaction, and Mitsuda reaction), the overlying epidermis exhibited pronounced keratinocyte intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expression and contained lymphocytes expressing the ICAM-1 ligand, LFA-1. Conversely, in lesions in which delayed-type hypersensitivity was lacking (lepromatous), keratinocyte ICAM-1 expression was low and LFA-1+ lymphocytes were rare. Expression of these adhesion molecules on the cells within the dermal granulomas was equivalent throughout the spectrum of leprosy. The percentage of lymphocytes in these granulomas containing mRNA coding for gamma interferon and tumor necrosis factor alpha, synergistic regulators of ICAM-1 expression, paralleled epidermal ICAM-1 expression. In lesions of erythema nodosum leprosum, a reactional state of lepromatous leprosy thought to be due to immune complex deposition, keratinocyte ICAM-1 expression and gamma interferon mRNA+ cells were both prominent. Antibodies to LFA-1 and ICAM-1 blocked the response of both alpha beta and gamma delta T-cell clones in vitro to mycobacteria. Overall, the expression of adhesion molecules by immunocompetent epidermal cells, as well as the cytokines which regulate such expression, correlates with the outcome of the host response to infection.

Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte↗