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Biomedical subjects

S Reiter

Publications and source records attributed to S Reiter.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Institutional reform--prerequisites for providing a life of quality for mentally retarded residents.

The present paper is a socio-ecological description of institutional reforms implemented at Kfar Tikvah, Israel. Kfar Tikvah is a community for approximately 130 moderately mentally retarded individuals. For the purpose of institutional reforms the organizational structure of the kibbutz system was adopted, but without adherence to its underlying philosophy. As a first stage in institutional reform the application of the kibbutz structure proved successful. However, for reforms to achieve the goal of providing residents with quality of life, structural changes are not enough and a clear philosophical orientation is needed.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1991

Orotidine accumulation in human erythrocytes during allopurinol therapy: association with high urinary oxypurinol-7-riboside concentrations in renal failure and in the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome.

1. A compound identified as orotidine has been found in the erythrocytes of all subjects on allopurinol. 2. The erythrocyte orotidine concentrations were much higher in patients with renal failure or with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. 3. In addition, increased amounts of oxypurinol-7-riboside were excreted in the urine by both of these groups compared with control subjects or with patients with normal renal function on allopurinol. 4. A good correlation was found between urinary oxypurinol-7-riboside excretion and erythrocyte orotidine concentrations. 5. Increased erythrocyte levels of the pyrimidine-sugar UDP-glucose were also found in patients with the highest orotidine levels. 6. The combined results suggest a derangement of pyrimidine nucleotide metabolism during allopurinol therapy. We propose that erythrocyte orotidine formation results primarily from inhibition of orotidine-5'-monophosphate decarboxylase by oxypurinol-7-ribotide.

Allopurinol↗
PubMed1990

Demonstration of a combined deficiency of xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase in xanthinuric patients not forming oxipurinol.

Genetic heterogeneity has been suggested in xanthinuria from the hitherto unexplained ability of some patients with this hereditary disorder to convert allopurinol to its active metabolite oxipurinol--an activity generally attributed to xanthine oxidase. This study provides evidence that the enzyme aldehyde oxidase is also deficient in xanthinuric patients not converting allopurinol to oxipurinol, whereas a xanthinuric patient with normal formation of oxipurinol had normal aldehyde oxidase activity. It is concluded that the enzyme aldehyde oxidase is the principal enzyme responsible for the formation of oxipurinol in man.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Shifts of isoelectric points between cellular and secreted antibodies as revealed by isoelectric focusing and immobilized pH gradients.

Charge microheterogeneity of monoclonal antibodies, as revealed by isoelectric focusing in carrier ampholytes, has been known for a long time. Here we demonstrate, in the case of monoclonals against the gp-41 of the HIV-1 virus, that this heterogeneity is already present within the cell sap of hybridoma cells during antibody synthesis. When the monoclonals are secreted extracellularly, the same isoelectric point (pI) spectrum is maintained, but there is marked redistribution of the relative isoform abundance towards the lower pI components. This suggests in vivo processing of such forms, possibly via glycosylation or deamidation. The secreted antibodies are also analyzed by immobilized pH gradients (IPG), where they demonstrate an even more extensive heterogeneity, due to the marked increment in resolving power. Single bands are purified by preparative IPGs in a multicompartment electrolyzer and are shown to be stable with time. Thus, artefactual heterogeneity produced by the focusing technique is completely excluded and cellular processing is clearly established.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Patterns of vocational interests and work motivation among mentally retarded adults attending vocational rehabilitation centres.

The present study describes a survey of the vocational interests and work motivation of trainees attending vocational rehabilitation centers for the mentally retarded in Israel. A random sample of 152 subjects was chosen from a total of 1,509 trainees. Two sets of questionnaires were applied: (1) the Illustrated Vocational Inventory (IVI) (Whelan and Reiter, 1980); and (2) a specially designed questionnaire on work motivation based on Herzberg's model (Herzberg et al., 1959). The most significant finding of the study was that several consistent patterns of vocational knowledge, vocational interests and motivational factors emerge with regard to mentally retarded clients attending vocational rehabilitation centers; and this lends strong support to the view that such people can be placed in employment on the open labour market.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The head injured adolescent: a case report and review of the issues.

Closed head injuries in adolescents are a common problem with potentially disastrous consequences to multiple areas of functioning. Through a case presentation and literature review, this paper considers treatment issues and research applications in an adolescent population with closed head injuries. Suggestions for understanding the symptom constellations are made and directions for future research and service delivery are given.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Metabolism of D-ribose administered continuously to healthy persons and to patients with myoadenylate deaminase deficiency.

D-ribose was administered orally or intravenously over at least 5 h to eight healthy volunteers and five patients with myoadenylate deaminase deficiency. Intravenous administration rates were 83, 167, and 222 mg/kg/h, which were well tolerated but oral administration of more than 200 mg/kg/h caused diarrhea. The average steady state serum ribose level ranged between 4.8 mg/100 ml (83 mg/kg/h, oral administration) and 81.7 mg/100 ml (222 mg/kg/h, intravenous administration). Serum glucose level decreased during ribose administration. The intestinal absorption rate of orally administered ribose was 87.8%-99.8% of the intake at doses up to 200 mg/kg/h without first pass effect. Urinary losses were 23% of the intravenously administered dose at 222 mg/kg/h. Ribose appeared to be excreted by glomerular filtration without active reabsorption; a renal threshold could not be demonstrated. The amount of ribose transported back from the tubular lumen depended on the serum ribose level. There was no difference in ribose turnover in healthy subjects and patients with MAD deficiency.

AMP Deaminase↗
PubMed1989

Neuroleptic-induced akathisia: a review.

Neuroleptic-induced akathisia (NIA) is a relatively common side effect of neuroleptics, in which patients complain of a subjective sense of restlessness usually referable to the legs and have characteristic motor movements. This paper will review: 1) history of spontaneously occurring syndromes of pathologic restlessness and NIA, 2) the clinical significance of NIA, 3) issues concerning the diagnosis and quantification of NIA, 4) treatments of NIA and 5) possible future directions for research in this area. Special attention will be paid to newer treatments for this syndrome, specifically beta-blockers.

Akathisia, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1987

A new medium improves sampling for determination of platelet factor 4 in human plasma.

The determination of alpha-granule specific platelet proteins in human plasma is a valuable indicator of in-vivo release and platelet activation provided that an artificial in-vitro release during sampling can be avoided. A new sampling medium (M) has been compared with the commercially available ones for the sampling and the subsequent determination of platelet factor 4 and beta-thromboglobulin. M allows blood withdrawal at room temperature (22 degrees C) (3.49 +/- 0.7 ng/ml) without any difference to 4 degrees C (3.47 ng/ml) up to a 30 minutes sedimentation period. However, after 40 minutes there is a significant (p less than 0.01) increase, amounting at 22 degrees C (13.30 ng/ml) and at 4 degrees C 6.68 ng/ml. The addition of prostacyclin (PGI2) in-vitro as well as blood withdrawal from volunteers infused with PGI2 at a rate of 5 ng/kg/min did not alter the values of M-preserved samples, whereas in the commercially available ones, PGI2 caused a decrease. A comparison of radioimmunoassay and enzyme immunoassay exhibited no significant difference in the absolute values. Beta-thromboglobulin was assayed as control. The findings indicate M being optimal for the sampling of platelet factor 4, but not for other alpha-granule release products. Thus, there is again evidence, that the alpha-granule products are not released to an equal extent upon a certain stimulus. Furthermore, it seems likely, that various substances inhibit their liberation from the platelet to a differing extent.

Adult↗