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Biomedical subjects

S Ohwada

Publications and source records attributed to S Ohwada.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Alpha-fetoprotein-producing rectal cancer: calculated tumor marker doubling time.

alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) production by rectal cancer is very rare. In the English literature there are only a few reported cases in which serum AFP level was > 1,000 ng/ml. A 43-year-old Japanese man with rectal cancer and liver metastases had a high serum AFP level (941 ng/ml) when first evaluated. Three weeks later, the serum AFP level was extremely elevated (7,060 ng/ml). He underwent abdominoperineal excision of the rectum and biopsy of liver metastases. The placement of an intrahepatic-arterial infusion catheter into the proper hepatic artery via the right gastroepiploic artery was also performed. Immunohistochemically, AFP-positive cells were identified in both the rectal and liver tumors. Nine days postoperatively, the serum AFP level was 2,000 ng/ml. In spite of intensive chemoimmunotherapy, serum AFP level was increased and 14 weeks after surgery was extremely elevated (267,300 ng/ml). The patient succumbed to cancer 3 months after surgery. To our knowledge, this is the first case of an AFP-producing rectal cancer in which AFP doubling time could be calculated as 12.8 days.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

A new triphenylethylene derivative, TAT-59; hormone receptors; insulin-like growth factor 1; and growth suppression of hormone-dependent MCF-7 tumors in athymic mice.

TAT-59 ((E)-4-[1-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]-phenyl]-2-(4- isopropyl)phenyl-1-butenyl]-phenyl-monophosphate) treatment was performed on hormone-dependent MCF-7 tumors in athymic mice. TAT-59 given at 1, 5, and 20 mg/kg inhibited the estrogen-stimulated growth of MCF-7 tumors in athymic mice in a dose-dependent fashion. The most clear decrease in tumor growth was shown in the TAT-59 alone group, although it was not dramatic. Average serum concentrations of DP-TAT-59((Z)-[1-[4-[2-(dimethylamino)- ethoxy]phenyl]-2-(4-isopropyl)phenyl-1-butenyl]-4-hydroxybenzene) and DM-DP-TAT-59(desmethyl-DP-TAT-59), metabolites of TAT-59, increased in a dose-dependent manner. Much higher levels of DP-TAT-59 and DM-DP-TAT-59 were shown in tumors (target tissues of estrogen) as compared with muscles (nontarget tissues of estrogen) or serum. A serum concentration of DP-TAT-59 or DM-DP-TAT-59 corresponding to the physiologic levels of serum estradiol in premenopausal women was sufficient to inhibit the estrogen-stimulated growth of MCF-7 tumors in mice. TAT-59 induced a dose-dependent increase in estrogen receptor levels in the MCF-7 tumors. In contrast, it prevented the estradiol (E2)-induced increase in progesterone receptor levels in a dose-dependent manner. Insulin-like growth factor 1 levels measured in the MCF-7 tumors significantly decreased in the TAT-59 alone group and in the no treatment group as compared with the E2 alone group. These results show the pronounced antiestrogenic action of TAT-59 on hormone-dependent MCF-7 tumors in athymic mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Hepatic encephalopathy due to congenital splenorenal shunts: report of a case.

A 76-year-old Japanese woman with hepatic encephalopathy was successfully treated for congenital splenorenal shunts by surgical intervention. The flow volume of the splenorenal shunts was 800 ml/min with a shunt pressure of 9.8 mmHg. The portal pressures before and after the shunt resection were 9 mmHg and 12 mmHg, respectively. The portal flows before and after the shunt resection were 230 ml/min and 470 ml/min, respectively. Therefore, both the hepatic sinusoid and the portal vein might provide good compliance for an increased portal flow volume load after shunt resection.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Enhancement of rectal absorption of rifampicin by sodium para-aminosalicylate dihydrate in human subjects].

The suppositories of rifampicin (RFP) containing sodium para-aminosalicylate dihydrate (PAS-Na) were prepared in order to enhance the rectal absorption of RFP. By the addition of PAS-Na, the in vitro release of RFP from the suppositories was enhanced and the hardness of the suppositories decreased. The rectal absorption of RFP from the suppositories containing no PAS-Na (control suppositories) was significantly lower compared to oral administration of it (26%) in human subjects. When PAS-Na was added to the suppository (300 mg), both the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) increased significantly compared to those of the control suppositories. The rectal absorption of PAS-Na itself from the suppositories seemed to be fast. PAS-Na might increase the absorption of RFP dissolved in the rectal fluid from the suppositories, but not affect the undissolved RFP.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

Epididymis metastasis from colon carcinoma: a case report and a review of the Japanese literature.

A 56-year-old Japanese man in whom a descending colon carcinoma had been resected underwent a high orchitectomy for metastatic epididymis from the colon. Metastatic carcinoma from the digestive organs to the spermatic cord (SC) and/or the intrascrotal contents (ISC) is rare. Fifty-four Japanese patients with metastasis from the digestive organs to the SC and/or the ISC were analyzed. The most frequent primary site was the stomach and the most frequent metastatic site was the spermatic cord. Our patient was the first to exhibit metastasis from the colon to the epididymis. A primary site was identified in 24 patients subsequent to the metastatic tumor. Twenty patients had other organ metastasis. The prognosis for SC and/or ISC metastasis patients is poor. Our patients has survived for 18 months following his orchitectomy with no other organ metastasis (31 months after the primary operation). In our patient, monoclonal estrogen receptor staining was negative; however, further study must be undertaken.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Surgery for tumor thrombi in the right atrium and inferior vena cava of patients with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma.

This is a report on a 42-year-old woman with a tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava and the right atrium caused by recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma. The tumor thrombus, which extended from the retrohepatic inferior vena cava into the right atrium close to the tricuspid valve was successfully resected using a cardiopulmonary bypass and total hepatic vascular exclusion. The cardiopulmonary bypass was established by cannulating the ascending aorta, the superior vena cava and the infrarenal vena cava, and was performed under moderate hypothermia and ventricular fibrillation. To reduce the duration of ventricular fibrillation, after the tumor thrombus had been removed from the right atrium into the suprahepatic inferior vena cava through the atriotomy, the atriotomy was closed. The intrapericardial or suprahepatic vena cava was then clamped. The caval tumor thrombus was removed using the total hepatic vascular exclusion technique through a vena cava incision. To reduce total hepatic vascular exclusion time the suprahepatic vena caval clamp was released after the caval tumor had been removed from the suprahepatic vena caval. The infrahepatic vena cava just below the hepatocaval junction was then clamped and the entire tumor thrombus was removed. The vena caval incision was closed without a prosthesis. The total hepatic vascular exclusion and vena caval exclusion times were 10 and 30 minutes, respectively. The ventricular fibrillation and total cardiopulmonary bypass times were 15 and 52 minutes, respectively. The operating time was 9 hours and 30 minutes and the total blood loss was 4,000 ml.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Peripheral blood T cell subsets as a prognostic factor in gastric cancer.

The present study was carried out to find out whether or not peripheral blood T cell subsets predict the prognosis of a gastric cancer patient preoperatively. In this retrospective study, we used preoperative T cell subset data from 34 patients with advanced gastric cancer who had been treated by resection. T cell subsets were measured by single color flow cytometry before surgery. Multivariate analysis, using the Cox proportional hazard model, was adjusted to the CD3 cell count, disease stage, the CD16 cell count and the CD4/CD8 ratio, and suggested CD3 cell count (chi 2 = 4.95, P = 0.026) and disease stage (chi 2 = 9.32, P = 0.002) to be statistically the most independent prognostic factors. Using the hazard ratio, the relative risks of the worst versus the best prognosis were 24.3 for the CD3 cell count and 10 for disease stage. For patients with more than 1483 CD3 positive cells, a longer than average survival time can be expected. The prospective hazard ratio (lambda (t)/lambda 0(t)) of an arbitrary gastric cancer patient can be calculated using the following expression: log(e) (lambda (t)/lambda 0(t)) = -0.00127 (CD3 cell count-1483) +2.31186 (Stage-0.606), where Stage III is assigned a value of 0 and Stage IV a value of 1. The survival curve of an arbitrary gastric cancer patient can also be predicted.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Effect of toremifene on the growth, hormone receptors and insulin-like growth factor-1 of hormone-dependent MCF-7 tumors in athymic mice.

Toremifene given in different sizes of silastic capsules was used to treat MCF-7 tumors in athymic mice. Toremifene inhibited the estradiol-stimulated growth of MCF-7 tumors in athymic mice. Average serum concentrations of toremifene obtained using a sustained-release preparation of the drug (in 0.5-, 1.0-, and 2.0-cm silastic capsules) increased gradually in a capsule-size-dependent fashion. Much higher levels of toremifene or N-demethyl-toremifene were detected in tumors (target tissues of estrogen) as compared with muscles (non-target tissues of estrogen). The concentration of toremifene in serum (i.e., 10-30 ng ml-1) was sufficient to inhibit the estrogen-stimulated growth of MCF-7 tumors at physiological (i.e., 200-400 pg ml-1) serum estradiol concentrations in premenopausal women. No significant difference in estrogen receptor (ER) levels was found between the estradiol-alone group and the toremifene-treated groups. However, the ER levels in the toremifene-alone group and the no-treatment group (no toremifene or estradiol) tended to increase as compared with the estradiol-alone group. Toremifene blocked the estradiol-induced increase in progesterone receptor levels in a dose-dependent fashion. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels in the MCF-7 tumors significantly decreased in the toremifene-alone group as compared with the estradiol-alone group. These results show the antiestrogenic action of toremifene on hormone-dependent MCF-7 tumors in athymic mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Solitary metastasis from papillary thyroid carcinoma in cirrhotic liver with hepatocellular carcinoma.

We report a surgical case of hepatocellular carcinoma and solitary liver metastasis from papillary thyroid carcinoma in different lobes of the liver. The former, located in the right anterior superior segment, and the latter, in the left caudate lobe, were resected simultaneously. The hepatocellular carcinoma was a micro(thin)-trabecular, pseudoglandular type of Edmondson's grade II. The liver metastasis was a papillary carcinoma of follicular variant from the thyroid. This is the first report of hepatocellular carcinoma accompanying a solitary liver metastasis from papillary thyroid carcinoma without metastasis in other organs.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1993

[Esophageal carcinoma with right aortic arch associated with a vascular ring--a case report].

A 56-year-old man with cancer of the mid-thoracic portion of the esophagus and who had a right aortic arch associated with a vascular ring, underwent esophagectomy and mediastinal lymphadenectomy successfully. A routine chest roentgenogram had revealed the right aortic arch. The entire thoracic esophagus was excised via a left thoracotomy, and the left subclavian artery, which originated from a diverticulum of the right descending aorta was located on the left side of the esophagus, ascending from its posterior aspect. The left subclavian artery and the left arterial duct formed a vascular ring which was interrupted by dividing the arterial duct. Histologically, the resected specimen showed poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the protruding type, and was classified as stage IV, a2, ly(+), V(-) and na(+). Successful mediastinal lymphadenectomy requires that the surgeon pay careful attention to vascular abnormalities, as well as the pathways of the vagal and recurrent nerves.

Aorta, Thoracic↗
PubMed1992

1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3, hypercalcemia, and growth suppression of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced rat mammary tumors.

1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 [1 alpha(OH)D3] was administered to female Sprague-Dawley rats with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumors. 1 alpha(OH)D3 suppressed the growth of the rat mammary tumors dose-dependently, and in the high dose groups treated with 0.5-1.0 micrograms/kg of 1 alpha(OH)D3, significant inhibition of tumor growth was observed. But daily oral administration of 1 alpha(OH)D3 for four consecutive weeks caused side effects such as hypercalcemia and weight loss. We compared 0.5 microgram/kg of 1 alpha(OH)D3 three times weekly with the same dose six times weekly to discover whether or not the side effects can be reduced by treatment schedule. Both groups showed a significant oncostatic effect, compared with the control group, while the side effects were relieved in the three times weekly group. Regarding estrogen receptors (ER) in the tumors, there was no significant difference among the groups. These results suggested that the antitumor effect of 1 alpha(OH)D3 on DMBA-induced mammary tumors was not related to ER status. Combined use of 1 alpha(OH)D3 with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) was also examined. No significant augmentation of the antitumor effect was seen in the two combinations, although the combined therapy with MPA showed a significant inhibition of weight loss in the rats.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1992

Antitumor effect of RBS (rice bran saccharide) on ENNG-induced carcinogenesis.

We examined whether orally administered RBS (rice bran saccharide), prepared from rice bran by hot water extraction, increases immunocompetence, inhibits gastrointestinal carcinogenesis with N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (ENNG) or shows an antitumor effect. After the administration of RBS, phytohemagglutinin (PHA)- and pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated blastogenesis of lymphocytes derived from the mesenteric lymph nodes and peripheral blood was enhanced, and the helper/suppressor T-cell ratio was elevated, and migration activity of peritoneal macrophages was also increased in rats treated continuously with ENNG. ENNG-induced gastrointestinal carcinomas were observed in 43% of those administered RBS (ENNG-RBS) as compared with 88% in the control (ENNG) and 94% in the prednisolone (PRD) group (ENNG-PRD). The 12-month survival rate of rats bearing gastrointestinal cancer was 58% in the ENNG-RBS group as compared with 25% in the ENNG group and 15% in the ENNG-PRD group. RBS prevented the reduction in immunocompetence in the course of carcinogenesis, suppressed carcinogenesis, and prolonged the survival of rats with gastrointestinal cancer. Antitumor activities of RBS are thought to be a kind of host mediated action. The growth inhibition ratio of transplantable ENNG-induced cancer in Wistar rats was 42.1% in the RBS and 51.8% in the 5-FU group. Since little is known about the potent antitumor activity of alpha-glucan, it would be interesting to consider the relationship between the structure and the biological activities of polysaccharides.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1992

[Intraperitoneal administration of cisplatin (CDDP) for advanced or recurrent gastric cancer with peritoneal dissemination].

This study was undertaken in order to evaluate the effect of intraperitoneal administration of CDDP on fourteen patients with peritoneal dissemination of advanced or recurrent gastric cancer. The procedure was used together specific hydration transfusion and diuretics. Two patients showed a complete response and 5 patients a partial response. Following this therapy, 2 patients have survived for more than 6 months. Alimentary symptoms (nausea, vomiting) were found but renal toxicity and serious myelosuppression were not recognized in all patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[ARDS-like reactive respiratory failure after radical operation for esophageal cancer--with reference to PMN elastase and anaphylatoxin].

In a study undertaken to elucidate the pathophysiology underlying reactive respiratory failure following surgery for esophageal cancer, postoperative esophageal cancer patients were divided into 2 groups, i.e. one with respiratory failure (defined as impairment of oxygenating capacity with a respiratory index (RI) value of 1.5 or above, lasting from more than 5 days after surgery) and the other without it, and between-group comparisons were made of respiratory & circulatory dynamics and biologic response system components, e.g., complement, anaphylatoxins and polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN) elastase. There were no differences between the two groups in patient's age at operation and pulmonary function test. The mean duration of endotracheal control was 5.1 days for the respiratory failure (+) group against 3.7 days for the respiratory failure (-) group. Assessments of respiratory & circulatory dynamics showed that the RI was significantly increase early in the postoperative course in the respiratory failure (+) group as compared with the respiratory failure (-) group, while the hydrostatic pressure of pulmonary circulation (pulmonary microvascular pressure (Pmv)-plasma colloid-osmotic pressure (COP] and pulmonary shunting rate (Qs/Qt) were also elevated in the former group. Among biologic response parameters, the leukocyte count, platelet count, CH5, C3, and C5 showed long-sustained decreases from the postoperative day 1 on in the repertory failure (+) group as compared to the respiratory failure (-) while PMN elastase activity and anaphylatoxin C3a were elevated from the postoperative day 1 on in the former group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with myasthenia gravis].

A case of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) associated with myasthenia gravis (MG) is reported. A 56-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital on April 27, 1988, because of easy fatigue and double vision. She was diagnosed as having myasthenia gravis from her neurological and laboratory findings. On the 14th hospital day, she developed fever, jaundice, hematuria, purpura and consciousness disturbance. Hematological examination revealed marked anemia, thrombocytopenia, fragmented red blood cells, elevated bilirubin and LDH level. Coagulation studies were almost normal. She was diagnosed as having TTP and treated with corticosteroid, antiplatelet agents and plasma exchange. Clinical condition and laboratory findings improved by the 23rd hospital day. It has been reported that TTP is associated with various autoimmune disease such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome or idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. However TTP associated with MG appears the first report. This case may suggest that one of pathogenesis of TTP is autoimmune mechanism.

Autoimmunity↗