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Biomedical subjects

S Ohwada

Publications and source records attributed to S Ohwada.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

The effects of FR167653 on pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury in dogs.

BACKGROUND: Ischemia-reperfusion injury may result in the local release of proinflammatory cytokines. A newly synthesized organic compound, FR167653, has been characterized as a potent suppressant of interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. We investigated the effects of FR167653 on ischemia-reperfusion injury of the lung by using an in situ warm lung ischemia model in dogs. METHODS: Thirteen dogs were divided into two groups; seven dogs were assigned to the control group, and six were assigned to the FR167653-treated group. The latter group was administered FR167653 (1 mg/kg/hr) continuously beginning 30 minutes before induced ischemia and ending 2 hours after reperfusion. Warm ischemia was induced for 3 hours by clamping the pulmonary artery and veins. The left main bronchus was bisected and anastomosed 3 hours later. Arterial oxygen saturation, left pulmonary vascular resistance, and cardiac output were measured. Blood was collected to measure interleukin-1 beta level, and the lung specimen was harvested for histologic study. RESULTS: Arterial oxygen saturation levels after 30 minutes and 2 hours of reperfusion were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the FR167653-treated group than in the control group. After 30 minutes of reperfusion, cardiac output deterioration was significantly (p < 0.05) greater in the control group than in the FR167653-treated group, and left pulmonary vascular resistance was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the FR167653-treated group than in the control group. The 3-day survival rate was 67% in the FR167653-treated group and 14% in the control group. There were statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between the survival rates of the two groups. Alveolar damage with interstitial edema and hyaline membranes localized along the alveolar duct were observed in the control group; whereas reduced interstitial edema was observed in the FR167653-treated group. Blood levels of IL-1 beta were lower in the FR167653-treated group than in the control group. CONCLUSION: FR167653 seems to generate a protective effect relative to ischemia-reperfusion injury of the lung in the early stage of tissue damage.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Interferon potentiates antiproliferative activity of CPT-11 against human colon cancer xenografts.

We studied the antiproliferative effect of recombinant human interferon-alpha/beta/gamma (rHuIFN-alpha/beta/gamma) and CPT-11 against human colon cancer xenografts in nude mice. CPT-11 (25 mg/kg) alone exhibited significant antiproliferative effects. Although rHuIFN-alpha/beta/gamma alone did not show antiproliferative activity, it markedly enhanced the antiproliferative activity of CPT-11. rHuIFN-alpha/beta/gamma significantly increased in the population of cells in the S-phase. rHuIFN-alpha/beta/gamma progressed cell cycle in the S-phase under the existence of CPT-11, which exhibited no effect on cell cycle progression. Because CPT-11 is known to exhibit antiproliferative effect on S-phase cells, IFNs, especially rHuIFN-alpha and beta, can enhance the antiproliferative effect of CPT-11 mediated by cell accumulation in the S-phase.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Isolated chylopericardium following radical esophagectomy: report of a case.

Chylopericardium after intrathoracic surgery is a rare clinical occurrence. To our knowledge, the incidence of isolated chylopericardium following esophagectomy has never previously been reported. We herein present a case of isolated chylopericardium following radical esophagectomy involving a right thoracotomy and a partial sternotomy. A 57-year-old man underwent radical esophagectomy with a three-field lymph node dissection for advanced cancer in the upper thoracic esophagus. After postoperative irradiation with adjuvant chemotherapy, chylopericardium developed. Pericardiocentesis was thus performed twice and resulted in a successful outcome.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1996

Successful resection of a retroperitoneal malignant fibrous histiocytoma with caval tumor thrombus.

We report herein the case of a 56-year-old man who presented with a huge, fast-growing abdominal tumor. Renal angiograms revealed a hypervascular tumor stain from the renal capsular arteries, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a caval tumor thrombus. The tumor was resected en bloc with the tumor thrombus, the right kidney, and part of the liver. The histological diagnosis confirmed malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) both in the tumor and the caval tumor thrombus. This is the first report of the successful resection of a MFH originating in the renal capsular tissue and extending into the inferior vena cava.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1996

A new screening method for the selection of Lactobacillus acidophilus group lactic acid bacteria with high adhesion to human colonic mucosa.

A hemagglutination (HA) assay was done for the screening of lectin-like components in surface layer protein (SLP) from Lactobacillus (L.) acidophilus A group strains. The new screening method, using polystyrene beads coated with rat-colonic mucin (RCM), which combines sugar chains similar to those of human colonic mucin, was also done. The results showed that the HA assay was not a good indicator for selecting strains having high adhesion to the human intestinal tract. The SLPs from 3 strains that strongly bound to RCM also bound well to carbohydrate portions of Carnoy's-fixed human colonic mucous layer. These results suggest that this method is a new promising screening technique for the L. acidophilus strains having high adhesion to the human intestinal tract.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

The effect of hypothermic perfusion with oxygenated perfluorochemical during in situ extended hepatectomy of canine liver.

BACKGROUND: An oxygen supply is necessary to maintain the energy metabolism of hepatic cells even at low temperatures in total hepatic vascular exclusion (THVE). Little has been written regarding the effect of an oxygenated perfusate for hypothermic perfusion in THVE, required for extended hepatectomy. STUDY DESIGN: Adult mongrel dogs (n=15) were used. Total hepatic vascular exclusion with active venovenous bypass was maintained for 60 minutes and 75 percent of the liver was resected. The LR group (n=7) was perfused using a 4 degrees C Ringer's lactate solution, and the FC43 group (n=8) with 4 degrees C oxygenated perfluorochemical. Blood samples from the hepatic vein were collected in order to measure alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), and NH(3). RESULTS: At every sampling point after hepatectomy, the serum AST levels of hepatic venous blood were significantly lower (p<0.05) in the FC43 group than in the LR group. Serum ALT, LDH, and PNP levels were significantly lower (p<0.05) in the FC43 group than in the LR group immediately after reperfusion. Plasma NH(3) levels were significantly lower (p<0.05) in the FC43 group than in the LR group, 30 minutes and two hours after reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS: Hypothermic perfusion using oxygenated perfluorochemical prevents hepatic cell damage during in situ extended hepatectomy.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Chemotherapy for two patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in hemodialysis].

There are few reports on chemotherapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in patients with chronic renal failure. Two long-term hemodialysis patients were treated for NHL with modified CHOP therapy. The plasma pharmacokinetics of adriamycin (ADR) and etoposide (VP-16) were investigated in these patients. In the first case, NHL was diagnosed in a 37-year-old male (diffuse pleomorphic, T cell type, stage I E). After 4 courses of chemotherapy, he achieved complete remission. The second case, was a 56-year-old male who was admitted to our hospital with melena and abdominal pain. A diagnosis of NHL (diffuse mixed, B cell type, stage III E) was made. Complete remission was achieved with 2 courses of chemotherapy. Levels of hematological and neurological toxicity were moderately severe but tolerable. Pharmacokinetics of ADR and VP-16 in these patients were similar to those in patients with normal renal function. These results suggested that ADR and VP-16 were effective drugs for hemodialysis patients with NHL.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Small ileal neurofibroma causing intussusception in a non-neurofibromatosis patient.

Neurofibromas in the small intestine are usually accompanied by von Recklinghausen's disease (neurofibromatosis), and usually originate in the intramuscular plexus of Auerbach. We present here a solitary neurofibroma, which caused an ileocolic intussusception, originating in the submucosal plexus of Meissner in a non-neurofibromatosis patient. To our knowledge, there is no previous report of a neurofibroma originating in the plexus of Meissner. This condition was clearly confirmed by macroscopic and microscopic evaluation.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Extrahepatic portal-systemic encephalopathy without portal hypertension.

We report three cases of extrahepatic portal-systemic encephalopathy (EHPSE), two of which did not show portal hypertension (PH) and in the other of which precirrhotic state with chronic active hepatitis was detected at liver biopsy. Our review of the literature regarding EHPSE without PH leads us to conclude that a part of the shunts is congenitally or spontaneously formed, that PH is not always essential to shunt formation. Since the clinical symptoms most often do not manifest until middle age, cases with only mild disturbance of consciousness are not easily distinguished from dementia. Furthermore, all reported patients underwent shunt closure followed by marked improvement of clinical symptoms and uneventful postoperative course. EHPSE without PH which can be corrected by shunt closure should always be differentiated from EHPSE with PH.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with etoposide, leucovorin, 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Eighteen patients with invasive periadventitial tissue (T4) or distant lymph node metastatic (M1,LYM) squamous cell carcinoma were entered into a pilot study of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with etoposide (50 mg/m2/day, days 1-5), leucovorin (30 mg/body/day, days 2-5), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU; 400 mg/m2/day, days 2-5) and cisplatin (100 mg/m2/day, day 1) (ELFP). The overall response rate was 56%. The response rates in the T4 tumor and M1,LYM patients were 56 and 50%, respectively. Radical esophagectomies were performed on six of 17 patients who had completely recovered from the chemotherapy, a resectability of 35%. Histologically, the primary tumor was moderately to slightly effective, and the lymph nodes markedly to moderately effective. Histologic responses in the lymph nodes were different from those in the primary tumors and in each node. There were four chemo-surgically related deaths. Median survival times in responding and non-responding patients were nine and three months, respectively. In conclusion, neoadjuvant chemotherapy with ELFP appears to be effective against esophageal squamous cell cancer with periadventitial tissue invasion or distant lymph node metastasis. Chemo-surgically related deaths were however, 22%, showing neoadjuvant chemotherapy to necessitate extremely careful attention to the medical and surgical management of patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Esophageal perforation by alkalis--a case report with conservative therapy].

In May 1993, a 59-year-old woman attempting suicide with toilet detergent (1% sodium hydroxide) was hospitalized as an emergency case. She developed sudden high fever (38-39 degrees C) on the 26th admission day. Thereafter diagnosis of left pyothorax due to perforation on caustic esophageal ulcer was made. Subsequent to thoracentesis continuous dranage of the left thoracic cavity ceased the fever after three days. Oral intake began on the 28th and extubation of the dranage was done on the 42nd after admission. Following hospital course of the patient was uneventful and the patient was discharged on the 111th day after admission. Esophagofluoroscopy taken at 6 months after discharge revealed no esophageal stenosis, and the patient returned to full social activities in good health.

Drainage↗