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Biomedical subjects

S Ogino

Publications and source records attributed to S Ogino.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Inhibitory effect of xian-qing-long-tan extract on degranulation and histamine release from rat mast cells.

Xian-Qing-Long-Tang (XQLT), a Chinese medicine, is useful for treating allergic diseases. To demonstrate the anti-allergic effect of this drug we examined its effect on degranulation and histamine release from rat mast cells induced by antigen and compound 48/80. The effect on 48 h homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in rats was also studied. In the IgE antigen-antibody reaction using DNP-As, XQLT inhibited histamine release from rat mast cells, in vitro; it also inhibited 48 h rat homologous PCA reaction, in vivo. These results suggest that XQLT inhibits type 1 allergic reaction, and has effectiveness for allergic disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of allergen-specific IgE antibodies by MAST for the diagnosis of nasal allergy.

Multiple-antigen simultaneous test (MAST) is a new system for detecting allergen-specific IgE antibodies. Multiple antigens can be examined simultaneously in a short period of time by this method. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of this method and to compare the results of MAST with those of RAST and intradermal skin test using 133 serum samples obtained from patients with nasal allergy. The positive rates of the main allergens detected by the MAST system are 56% for Japanese cedar, 31 for Dermatophagoides farinae (DF), 30% for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP), 27% for house dust (HD), and 27% for timothy grass. The positive rates of food allergens are very low. An average of 3.5 different allergens can be simultaneously detected in one serum. We have compared MAST and RAST with respect to nine allergens: HD, DF, cat, Japanese cedar, timothy, bahia, sweet vernal, velvet, and ragweed. There are statistically significant correlations between MAST and RAST for all allergens except ragweed, the correlation coefficients in the eight allergens are greater than r = 0.60, and total agreements exceed over 70%. Similarly, there also is a good correlation between MAST and skin test for the allergens: HD, cat, Japanese cedar, timothy grass, and ragweed. These results indicate the clinical usefulness of the MAST system for detecting specific IgE antibodies in patients with nasal allergy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Nasal mucosa sensitization with toluene diisocyanate (TDI) increases preprotachykinin A (PPTA) and preproCGRP mRNAs in guinea pig trigeminal ganglion neurons.

Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) induces respiratory allergy in mammals. Using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization histochemistry, the present study examined effects of nasal mucosa sensitization by TDI on the immunoreactivity for substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and on the expression of their mRNAs in guinea pig trigeminal ganglion and their terminals. Single intranasal application of TDI (acute experiment) did not induce nasal allergy-like behaviours and failed to cause changes of SP and CGRP immunoreactivity and in the expression of preprotachykinin A (PPTA) mRNA and preproCGRP mRNA coding for SP and CGRP respectively in the trigeminal ganglion neurons. However, repeated application of TDI (chronic experiment) caused a dramatic increase of SP and CGRP immunoreactivity in peripheral neurites of sensory nerves in the nasal mucosa but a slight increase in the spinal trigeminal nucleus, a decrease of the same immunoreactivities in the cell bodies of the trigeminal ganglion neurons, and an increase of the expression of PPTA and preproCGRP mRNA in the same neurons. These findings suggest that chronic exposure of the nasal mucosa to TDI apparently causes enhancement of both the biosynthesis of SP and CGRP and their axonal transport in the trigeminal system.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Comparison of antiviral assay methods using cell-free and cell-associated varicella-zoster virus.

Assay methods for varicella-zoster virus (VZV) susceptibility to acyclovir (ACV) of VZV were compared by using cell-free (CF) and cell-associated (CA) virus of 6 x plaque-purified VZV. The 50% effective doses (ED50) of ACV, as required to reduce virus plaque formation by 50%, were about 8 times higher for CA virus than for CF virus. Also, the ED50 of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-(E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)uracil (BVaraU) for CA-VZV was higher than for CF-VZV, and fresh clinical isolates of VZV gave higher ACV ED50 values than CF virus. CA virus prepared at various times after CF virus infection showed a gradual increase of the ACV ED50 with time, ranging from the ED50 for CF virus to that for CA virus.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1992

An electron microscopic study of glomeruli in Japanese patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

Renal biopsy specimens of 29 Japanese non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients were examined by quantitative electron microscopic morphometry. In NIDDM the relative increase of percent total mesangium and mesangial capillary surface density (S/Vb) and the relative decrease of peripheral capillary surface density (S/Va) were compared with disease controls. However, mesangial-GBM-epithelial surface density (S/Vc) was not different between both groups. These results suggest that the increased mesangial matrix expands directly towards the capillary lumen as well as along the inner surface of GBM, and narrows the capillary lumen and filtration surface. The duration of diabetes mellitus (DM) did not correlate with all morphological parameters. The mesangial expansion correlated with urinary protein excretion and decreased creatinine clearance (CCr). GBM thickening correlated with proteinuria, but not with CCr. The degree of these morphological changes could be the indicators of hypertension of NIDDM patients. Areas of thin GBM were occasionally noticed in glomeruli which revealed thick GBM extensively, although the mechanism of GBM thinning is not known at the present time.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Comparative study of IgA nephropathy with acute and insidious onset. Clinical, laboratory and pathological findings.

In order to clarify the difference of clinical and pathological features between the IgA nephropathy patients with acute and insidious onset, 427 patients were examined in this study. Seventy-eight patients with acute onset (group 1) were often associated with mucosal system infections at the abrupt onset. This group revealed macroscopic hematuria, more severe microscopic hematuria (more than 20/hpf), higher glomerular filtration rate (p less than 0.01) and lower serum levels of C3 (p less than 0.01). It had also a significantly higher incidence of exudative lesions (p less than 0.001). On the other hand, the onset of 349 patients (group 2) was noticed to be insidious without preceding infections. This group showed a more severe increase in mesangial cells (p less than 0.01) and a significantly higher incidence of adhesion, arterial sclerosis and tubulointerstitial changes. Deposition of Clq, C4 and IgM and detachment of visceral epithelium from the basement membrane were more frequently seen in group 2. Twenty-seven of 345 patients followed for at least 1 year after the biopsy were on maintenance hemodialysis: 1 patient was in group 1 and 26 were in group 2. These results clarified that there was a difference in clinical, laboratory and histopathological findings between the patients with IgA nephropathy with acute and insidious onset.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Effect of H2-blockers, cimetidine and famotidine, on histamine nasal provocative test.

The H2-receptor is considered to mediate the stabilization of the membrane of mast cells by enhancing cAMP synthesis. In the present study, we investigated the effect of H2-receptor antagonists, i.e. H2-blockers, on nasal hypersensitivity using a histamine nasal provocative test. A 7-day administration of cimetidine tended to lower the histamine threshold. Famotidine administered in the same way caused no significant decrease in the histamine threshold. Based on the above results, we postulate that famotidine should be preferred to cimetidine as an H2-blocker in patients with gastric and/or duodenal ulcers.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Effects of capsaicin desensitization on nasal allergy-like symptoms and histamine release in the nose induced by toluene diisocyanate in guinea pigs.

Intranasal application of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) induced nasal allergy-like symptoms of sneezing and watery rhinorrhea and decreased the histamine content of the nasal mucosa in guinea pigs. However, in the animals pretreated with capsaicin (capsaicin desensitization) before sensitization with TDI, nasal allergy-like symptoms were not induced. Capsaicin desensitization also inhibited histamine release in the nasal mucosa induced by TDI. These findings suggest that antidromic impulses of capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves stimulated by TDI cause histamine release from mast cells in the nasal mucosa, resulting in nasal discharge and sneezing in guinea pigs. Thus neurogenic inflammation via an axon reflex in the nose may contribute to the pathogenesis of vasomotor rhinitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Biopsy of head and neck lesions with a Biopty biopsy instrument].

Recently, "Biopty-Gun" technique has been introduced as a new biopsy technique specially in urological field. We applied it to obtain histopathological specimens of head and neck lesions. 25 specimens were taken with 18-gauge needle, using ultrasonic guidance in cases where the targets were very close to arteries or very small or cystic lesions. All these 25 specimens could be obtained without any complication such as crushing of tissue and they were all sufficiently clear and high-quality specimens. In 23 of these 25 specimens, exact histopathological diagnosis could be made. "Biopty-Gun" minimizing possible movement of tissue which may often occur with the conventional biopsy technique, permitted obtaining tissue specimens without crushing or damaging cells of tissue to be sampled, and it was concluded to be a highly safe and useful biopsy procedure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Use of Tranilast [N-(3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl) anthranilic acid] in secretory otitis media.

Treatment with Tranilast of 45 patients (87 ears) with secretory otitis media was studied. Tranilast was administered orally for at least 1 month. The evaluation of its effectiveness was based on changes in subjective symptoms, tympanic membrane findings, hearing level, and tympanometry. Subjects were divided into three groups: allergy group (group I), nonallergy group (group II) and deformity-disorder group (group III). The respective percentages of Tranilast efficacy for these three groups were 46.2%, 42.1%, and 10.0%, respectively. Equivalent effectiveness was demonstrated whether or not allergies were present. After Tranilast administration, the drug and its metabolites were found in MEE samples from all the patients. Anaphylatoxin (C3a, C5a) activities in the MEE were shown to decrease gradually after Tranilast administration. Tranilast may be effective for treating secretory otitis media because it directly suppresses anaphylatoxin present in middle ear effusion.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

Mechanism of immune complex-mediated inner ear diseases.

Tissues of the stria vascularis of normal rabbits were collected as cochlear antigen and injected into the foot pad of guinea pigs. The mechanism of development of endolymphatic hydrops was studied by the tracer method. Damage to the capillary endothelium and an increase in vascular permeability were found in the stria vascularis. Therefore, we studied patients with a raised level of immunoglobulin (Ig) G-class circulating immune complexes (CICs). Hearing loss was found in 3 of 22 patients with significantly elevated IgG CIC levels (13.6%). The relationship between inner ear disease and the presence of CIC was considered to be very significant. The possible mechanism of CIC-mediated inner ear diseases is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[A case of optic neuritis associated with anticardiolipin antibodies].

We reported a case of optic neuritis with the persistence of severe visual loss and central scotoma in a 26-year-old woman who was proven to have biologic false positive test for syphilis, and the elevated serum titres of IgG and IgM anticardiolipin antibodies. C.S.F. findings showed the absence of oligoclonal bands and the presence of IgM anticardiolipin antibody. She was treated twice at intervals of two weeks with methylprednisolone 1000 mg intravenously daily for three days (pulse therapy), and was started on oral prednisolone 60 mg daily which tapered gradually. After the second treatment of the pulse therapy, her visual acuity was improved remarkably and the titre of anticardiolipin antibodies became normal. Her clinical course seemed to be different from that of the optic neuritis of multiple sclerosis, in which many of patients recover near normal visual acuity after a first attack. We suggested that antiphospholipid antibodies might play a role in the etiology of her optic neuritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Experimental labyrinthitis in guinea pigs caused by a hantavirus.

Hantavirus-induced acute viral infection of the inner ear of guinea pigs is reported. Guinea pigs were inoculated directly into the inner ear through the round window, or intraperitoneally with hantavirus (B-1 strain), and the cochlea was examined using an immunohistochemical technique for the localization of viral antigens. Virus-specific antigens were detected prominently in the stria vascularis and to a lesser degree in other inner ear structures of the infected guinea pigs. The morphological changes in the inner ear structures of these guinea pigs were observed. Virus was isolated from the blood of some infected guinea pigs. These data suggest that hantavirus can infect the inner ear of the guinea pig via viremia. The effect of immunosuppression by ciclosporin A or cyclophosphamide is discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

[Histamine metabolism in the nasal tissue of human and nasal hypersensitive guinea-pig].

Histamine (HA) is the most important mediator of nasal allergy and nasal hypersensitivity. To investigate HA metabolism, HA content and activities of its synthetic enzyme, histidine decarboxylase (HDC) and degrading enzymes, histamine-N-methyltransferase (HMT) and diamine oxidase (DAO) in nasal mucosa of human and toluene diisocyanate (TDI) sensitized guinea-pigs were measured. In human nasal mucosa and nasal polyps, HA content and HDC activity were 80-200 nmol/g tissue, 20-30 fmol/min/mg protein respectively. Among two degrading enzymes, HMT activity was 20-200 times higher than that of DAO. In the nasal mucosa of guinea-pigs, HA content was significantly increased by TDI sensitization, and was decreased immediately after TDI provocation. In 24 hours after provocation, HA content recovered to 80% of pre-provocation level. HDC activity increased by TDI sensitization significantly. Though HMT activity increased slightly by TDI sensitization and provocation, DAO activity was unchanged. The data suggest that, increase in turnover rate of HA is present in allergic nasal mucosa.

Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)↗
PubMed1991

Immunohistological localization of apolipoproteins in the glomeruli in renal disease: specifically apoB and apoE.

Recently it has become clear that abnormalities of the lipid metabolism may play a large role in the progression of renal diseases. To investigate the relationship between lipids and kidney tissues, the authors employed an immunofluorescent technique to determine the presence of apolipoprotein (apo) B and E in kidney tissue, particularly the glomeruli, and analyzed the relationship between their deposition and the clinical and histological findings of a total of 49 patients with persistent proteinuria and/or hematuria (age range: 10 to 62 years). The patients were divided into 4 groups, as follows: both apoB and apoE negative cases (Group 1; 17 cases), apoB alone positive (Group 2; 7 cases), apoE alone positive (Group 3; 10 cases) and both apoB and apoE positive cases (Group 4; 15 cases). Group 2 had more severe proteinuria and a higher level of total cholesterol than Group 1. Group 3 exhibited a higher incidence of glomerular adhesion and interstitial changes than Group 1. Group 4, on the other hand, exhibited more severe mesangial hypercellularity and a higher incidence of glomerular sclerosis and interstitial scarrings than Group 1, a higher incidence of glomerular sclerosis than Group 2, more severe proteinuria, higher serum levels of total cholesterol, and lower serum levels of total protein than Groups 1 and 3 and higher level of uric acid than Group 1. These results suggest that the deposition of apoB and apoE accelerates the progression of mesangial lesions, resulting in greater proteinuria and glomerular sclerosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Early mesangiolysis and monocyte influx observed in diabetic glomerulosclerosis: relation to nodule formation.

Lytic changes to the mesangium and subendothelial area in diabetic glomerulosclerosis were studied by electron microscopy with an emphasis on the mechanism of nodule formation. Renal biopsy specimens were obtained from 30 diabetics (11 males, 19 females; 27 NIDDM, 3 IDDM; mean age, 52.2 years) with renal involvement. Evaluations were made of the glomerular lesions, particularly the ultra-structural findings contributing to nodule formation, mainly by electron microscopy. Varying degrees of lytic change, such as a loose and edematous mesangial matrix, widening of the subendothelial space, followed by endothelial detachment, and destruction of anchor points, were observed in close association with progression of the diffuse lesions. Plasma proteins were found to infiltrate into the widened subendothelial space. Mesangial cells also protruded into the same space and encroached around the whole capillary wall. The interposed mesangial cells were occasionally separated from the basement membrane. Monocytes identified from their ultrastructure were frequently present noticed in the lytic areas, suggesting a reaction to lytic changes. These processes may occur repeatedly with direct expansion of the mesangial matrix, subsequently revealing a nodular appearance.

Adult↗