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Biomedical subjects

S Ogino

Publications and source records attributed to S Ogino.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Effects of age on levels of cysteine, glutathione and related enzyme activities in livers of mice and rats and an attempt to replenish hepatic glutathione level of mouse with cysteine derivatives.

There was a large statistically significant decrease in the hepatic level of cysteine and glutathione (GSH) in 24 month-old mice compared to young mice, while, cystine and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) contents in the liver did not differ between young and old mice. Activities of cystathionine gamma-lyase and beta-synthase in mouse liver of the 24 month-old group were significantly decreased. In rats, the hepatic levels of cysteine, cystine, GSH and GSSG exhibited no statistically significant change during aging to 30 month. As the rats matured, total hepatic activities of both cystathionine gamma-lyase and beta-synthase increased with maximum levels at 24 months of age and decreased to the same level found in 5 week old for the former and to 22% of that in 5 week old for the latter. Intraperitoneal administration of diethyl maleate to mice led to depletion of hepatic GSH. When N-acetylcysteine and a thiazolidine derivative were intravenously injected after diethyl maleate administration, the hepatic GSH level of mice was restored to the normal level.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed1996

Vertical optokinetic nystagmus in normal individuals.

In this study, 20 subjects (5 women and 15 men, 22-28 years old) were tested for vertical optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) to establish the asymmetry between up and down OKN responses in humans. The subjects were exposed to both upward and downward OKN stimulus at constant velocities of 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 degrees/s in the upright position. Eye movements were recorded precisely using the magnetic search coil system in order to eliminate any methodological problem associated with the eye-lid artifact. Slow phase velocity during upward OKN stimulus was higher than that during downward OKN stimulus for each OKN velocity. It is likely that otolithic stimuli cause up and down asymmetry. Statistical significance in the gain between upward and downward OKN was noted for stimulus velocities of 30-60 degrees/s (p < 0.01), but not for higher velocities, because vertical OKN saturated around 40-50 degrees/s.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Primary position upbeat nystagmus with special reference to alteration to downbeat nystagmus.

A 24-year-old man was admitted to the University Hospital showing severe dehydration that might have been the result of medicine-induced gastritis. Wernicke's encephalopathy was suspected in this patient. On admission, primary position upbeat nystagmus (PPUN) was found. The patient showed tongue fasciculation and loss of gag reflex, which, however, soon returned to normal. Electronystagmographic (ENG) findings were suggestive of lesions in the brainstem. Based on neurological signs and symptoms, we concluded caudal brainstem lesions might be a possible site responsible for the upbeat nystagmus. This nystagmus, however, was later found to be reversed to downbeat nystagmus. This is considered to have been due to predominant differences in vertical velocity which are induced by gravity.

Brain Stem↗
PubMed1996

Atypical osteomyelitis of the temporal bone.

Osteomyelitis of the temporal bone is a rare disease. The diagnosis and treatment of atypical osteomyelitis of the temporal bone in a 54-year-old woman was reported. The left temporal bone swelling grew slowly from age 9 with only slight deep-seated pain in the temporal area. This condition was assumed to be due to fibrous dysplasia or some benign tumor. It is supposed that exploratory and inadequate mastoidectomies performed on patients age 16 to 19 years might trigger temporal bone osteomyelitis. Extensive surgical debridement followed by antibiotic therapy for 4 weeks yielded good results, and now 2 years after treatment, no signs of recurrence have been observed. The utility of the gallium scan was confirmed for evaluation of disease activity.

Female↗
PubMed1996

US-guided drainage of deep neck space abscess.

Infection of oropharyngeal or upper airway origin may extend to potential spaces formed by fascial planes of the cervical area. These space infections have been greatly reduced by modern antibiotic therapy. However, serious complications continue to occur. An 18-year-old man who presented with neck mass was admitted and treated. He underwent ultrasonically guided drainage procedure using Percuflex drainage catheter within 6 h of his arrival. He was discharged from the hospital 10 days later. Although it is still thought that early open surgical drainage is the most appropriate method for treatment of deep cervical abscess, early treatment with a drainage catheter such as Percuflex may replace surgery. Life threatening complications can thus be avoided with good cosmetic results and rapid recovery.

Abscess↗
PubMed1996

Effectiveness of formula ophiopogoins in the treatment of xerostomia and pharyngoxerosis.

A multicenter study was carried out in 24 institutions in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. The subjects were 113 male and 145 female patients, ranging in age from 28 to 86 years (mean 63.7) who complained of dryness of the mouth and throat. The following illnesses were diagnosed: xerostomia and pharyngoxerosis in 161, radiation xerostomia and pharyngoxerosis in 56, chronic pharyngitis with dry mouth and throat in 22, and Sjögren's syndrome in 7. Eleven patients had other symptoms. The subjects were given a 3-g pack of granules of formula ophiopogoins three times a day before a meal. Their subjective symptoms and objective signs were examined prior to, 2, and 4 weeks after the beginning of therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Three cases of eosinophilic lymphfolliculoid granuloma of the soft tissue originating from the parotid gland.

Two women aged 33 and 57 years respectively, and a man aged 40 years visited our hospital complaining of swelling of the parotid gland region. The diagnosis of eosinophilic lymphfolliculoid granuloma of the soft tissue (Kimura's disease) based on laboratory findings was made in all 3 cases. Patient 1 received radiation therapy followed by surgery, and Patients 2 and 3 were treated with antiallergics and antiinflammatory agents after surgery. Satisfactory results were obtained in all cases. Although Kimura's disease is a benign tumor, no established therapy is available so far, and a high recurrence rate is the major concern. Based on our experience and treatments reported in the literature, we conclude that a combination therapy consisting mainly of surgery is the most effective treatment of Kimura's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Visually guided eye movements in patients with Wallenberg's syndrome.

To determine the lesions and the lateralization in patients with Wallenberg's syndrome, visually-guided eye movements were quantitatively analysed and these findings were compared with a lesioned site as revealed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The 8 patients could be clearly classified into two subgroups based on the functional test of eye movements. In 4 patients, optokinetic nystagmus (OKN), pursuit eye movements and fixation-suppression of caloric nystagmus (FS), utilizing the slow phase velocity as a parameter, were impaired toward the lesioned side in the medulla. In the remaining 4 patients, OKN and pursuit eye movements were impaired toward the side contralateral to the lesion, whereas FS toward the lesioned side, indicating a lesion affecting not only the medulla but also the inferior peduncle and/or the cerebellum. Therefore, the functional visually-guided eye movements can provide a useful test battery with which to detect the lesion site in Wallenberg's syndrome.

Angiography↗
PubMed1995

Aging effects upon pursuit eye movements.

Quantitative assessment of aging effects upon pursuit eye movements was done in step-ramp stimulus conditions using 32 normal individuals. Eye movements were recorded with infrared reflection oculography. The target was a spot of 0.5 degree red lazar light. The light spot was blanked for 5 ms while the mirror galvanometer moved to a new position. Eye and target position were sampled at 250 Hz and analysed by a personal computer. In onward stimulation in which 2 degrees, 4 degrees, 6 degrees and 8 degrees position steps were followed by fixed ramp speed (10 degrees/s), and also in backward stimulation in which 2 degrees, 4 degrees, 6 degrees step positions were followed by 9 degrees, 17 degrees and 27 degrees/s, eye acceleration increased depending upon increase of retinal slip velocity in the younger group below 49 years. Among the factors effecting aging effects, the cerebrum might be important because visual recognition and eye acceleration are performed in the parietal lobe.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

An ultrastructural study of glomerular basement membrane in rheumatoid arthritis patients with urinary abnormalities.

We measured the thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) in 48 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with proteinuria and/or hematuria and studied its relationship to clinical features of RA. Ten cases with minor glomerular abnormalities, renal cancer, donor of renal transplantation, were studied as controls. Secondary glomerular diseases and hereditary thin basement membrane disease (TBMD) were excluded. Mean GBM thickness was 289 +/- 74 nm (mean +/- SD) in RA patients, which was significantly thinner than that of control group (342 +/- 38 nm) (p < 0.01). Mean GBM thickness were 276 +/- 72 nm and 336 +/- 68 nm in RA patients with and without gold sodium thiomalate (GST) treatment, respectively (p < 0.05). Mean GBM thickness of RA patients without GST and controls were not different statistically, but RA patients with GST had significantly thinner GBM, compared with controls (p < 0.01). The mean thickness of GBM were also 274 +/- 69 nm and 344 +/- 72 nm in RA patients with and without hematuria, respectively (p < 0.01). According to these results, we suspect that the thinning of GBM in RA patients may be related to GST treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Detection of varicella-zoster virus DNA by polymerase chain reaction in patients with Hunt syndrome and clinical progression].

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) is known to be associated with Hunt syndrome. In this study, the detection of VZV-DNA in peripheral blood, throat swabs, urine and crusts was performed, in 6 cases of Hunt syndrome, by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. For DNA-extraction, glass-powder was used. As a primer, an oligonucleotide, which specifically amplifies 1201-1424 in the Sst-Ig region, was used. Amplification was performed by repeating 30 cycles of the following procedures: denaturing at 94 degrees C, annealing at 60 degrees C, and extension at 72 degrees C. In one case, VZV-DNA was detected in all samples, in another case it was detected in a throat swab, urine and crust, and in another case in peripheral blood, urine and crust. The other 3 cases showed VZV-DNA only in crusts. These results indicate that viremia might occur in Hunt syndrome, and that those patients in whom VZV-DNA was detected in peripheral blood and urine showed a tendency for slow recovery. The present results indicate that this method provides a valuable tool for the early diagnosis of Hunt syndrome and zoster sine herpes and that it is useful for predicting the progression of Hunt syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Histamine content, synthesis and degradation in human nasal mucosa.

Histamine content and enzyme activities of histamine metabolism, histidine decarboxylase (HDC), histamine N-methyltransferase (HMT) and histaminase (diamine oxidase, DAO) in human nasal mucosa were determined with a highly sensitive and specific fluorescent method which was combined with high performance liquid chromatography. Histamine content and HDC activity were determined in 10 specimens of nasal polyp, nine specimens of maxillary sinus and five specimens of inferior turbinate. HMT and histaminase activities were determined in 15 specimens of nasal polyp, nine specimens of maxillary sinus and five specimens of inferior turbinate obtained during surgical therapy. Histamine and activities of HDC, HMT and histaminase were detected in all specimens except the case of histaminase activity in one specimen of nasal polyp. The mean values of histamine content and activities of HDC, HMT and histaminase of human nasal mucosa were 137.3 nmol/g wet weight, 26.3 fmol/min/mg protein, 26.4 pmol/min/mg protein and 0.5 pmol/min/mg protein, respectively. Histamine content in the mucosal tissue of the maxillary sinuses was significantly higher than that of nasal polyps or inferior turbinates. There were no significant differences in HDC activities among three kinds of nasal mucosa. Activities of HMT and histaminase, including their kinetic constants (Km and Vmax values for histamine) indicated that HMT has a greater potential than histaminase for histamine degradation in the human nasal mucosa. The presence of these enzymes suggests that these activities constitute an important modulating factor in histamine mediated allergic and inflammatory reactions in human nasal mucosa.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Histamine content, synthesis and degradation in nasal mucosa and lung of guinea-pigs treated with toluene diisocyanate (TDI).

We have reported the presence of a histamine synthesizing enzyme, histidine decarboxylase (HDC), and histamine degrading enzymes, histamine N-methyltransferase (HMT) and histaminase (diamine oxidase, DAO) in human nasal mucosa and the histamine content of the mucosa. In this study, we demonstrate the influences of the toluene diisocyanate (TDI) treatment on the histamine content and these enzyme activities in guinea-pigs as an animal model of respiratory hypersensitivity. Application of TDI to the nasal vestibuli induced intense nasal allergy-like and mild asthma-like responses in TDI-sensitized guinea pigs. Increases in the histamine content and HDC and HMT activities were observed in the nasal mucosa and lung of TDI-sensitized guinea pigs. No apparent changes in the histaminase activities were observed in either the nasal mucosa or the lung. These data suggest that the turnover rate of histamine is increased in the nasal mucosa and the lung of guinea pigs with respiratory hypersensitivity.

Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)↗
PubMed1993

Histamine metabolism in nasal polyps.

We attempted to determine the relationship of nasal polyps to histamine (HA) metabolism. Compared to that in allergy-related nasal polyps and infection-related nasal polyps, the level of HA in aspirin-induced asthma-related polyps was significantly lower. Large differences between the groups were not observed in HA-synthesizing enzyme activity, but degradative enzyme activity was much higher in aspirin-induced asthma-related polyps than in other types of nasal polyps tested. These findings suggest the possibility that the amount of HA in polyps associated with aspirin-induced asthma was less because of greatly enhanced degradation. We found, in addition, that in nasal tissues such as polyps, histamine-N-methyl transferase, rather than histaminase, was the principal degradative enzyme.

Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)↗
PubMed1993

Neurogenic inflammation in nasal allergy: histochemical and pharmacological studies in guinea pigs. A review.

The role of neuropeptides in nasal allergy was examined in guinea pigs by histochemical and pharmacological study. Intranasal application of toluene diisocyanate (TDI) induced nasal allergy-like behaviors: sneezing and watery rhinorrhea, and decreased histamine content in the nasal mucosa in guinea pigs sensitized with TDI. The immunoreactivity of substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the nerve terminals in the nasal mucosa was increased after intranasal application of TDI. We also observed a decrease in the immunoreactivity of SP and CGRP, and an increase in their mRNA expression in the trigeminal ganglion neurons. These findings indicate that exposure to TDI enhanced the biosynthesis of both SP and CGRP in the trigeminal ganglion neurons and their axonal transportation to the terminals in the nasal mucosa. In animals pretreated with capsaicin before sensitization, TDI did not induce nasal allergy-like behaviors and histamine release in the nasal mucosa. Since capsaicin depletes SP and CGRP in the sensory nerves, this finding indicates neuropeptide-mediated histamine release in the nasal mucosa. All these findings suggest that, on exposure to TDI, the antidromic release of SP and CGRP in the nasal mucosa triggers the release of histamine, resulting in the development of symptoms of nasal allergy.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Arachidonic acid metabolites in human nasal polyps.

Arachidonic acid metabolites (AAMs) are known to be involved in inflammation. It is suggested that AAMs play an important role in the pathogenesis of nasal polyp. We have measured the levels of prostaglandin E2, 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha, thromboxane B2, leukotriene B4 and a mixture of leukotriene C4, D4 and E4 in both nasal polyp and maxillary sinus mucosa by radioimmunoassay. Our results showed that arachidonic acid metabolism in nasal polyps from allergic patients was more active than that from non-allergic patients. The arachidonic acid metabolism in nasal polyp was more active than in maxillary sinus mucosa among allergic patients. On the other hand, arachidonic acid metabolism in maxillary sinus mucosa was more active than that in nasal polyps among non-allergic patients. On the basis of these results, we hypothesized the causal mechanisms of nasal polyps as follows: The nasal polyp in allergic patients is caused by primary inflammation of the nasal mucosa, and sinusitis occurs secondarily. In non-allergic patients, the primary side of inflammation is located in the maxillary sinus mucosa, leading to the secondary formation of nasal polyp.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1993

Acute and chronic effects of unilateral cervical sympathectomy on nasal allergy-like symptoms induced by toluene diisocyanate in guinea pigs.

The role of the sympathetic nervous system in nasal allergy was examined using guinea pigs with nasal allergy sensitized by 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI). Nasal allergy-like symptoms were suppressed at the first TDI provocation after cervical sympathectomy. This finding suggests that the sympathetic nervous system contributes to the development of symptoms in nasal allergy. However, the inhibitory effect of sympathectomy gradually disappeared. The animals with chronic cervical sympathectomy were more prone to manifest nasal allergy-like symptoms induced by TDI. These findings suggest that compensatory activation of the parasympathetic nervous system in reaction to sympathectomy might exacerbate nasal allergy. The findings in the present study also provide an experimental basis for stellate ganglion block treatment of nasal allergy.

Animals↗