Biomedical subjects

S Oda

Publications and source records attributed to S Oda.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources

PubMed1990

[Clinical evaluation of midazolam as an anesthetic for geriatric patients and patients with hepatic dysfunction].

This study evaluated the usefulness of midazolam in inducing a anesthetic state in 60 patients who underwent surgery under general anesthesia. The patients were divided into 3 groups; a geriatric group, a hepatic dysfunction group, and a control group (adults without complications). To induce sleep 0.15 mg.kg-1 or 0.2 mg.kg-1 of midazolam was administered intravenously to all three groups. After the administration of midazolam, the mean time for obtaining absence of response to calling name and absence of ciliary reflex were not significantly different in the three groups. The pulse rate and respiratory rate also did not change remarkably. But significant decreases were observed in the systolic blood pressure and tidal volume in all three groups. However, they were not significantly different among the three groups. These results indicate that midazolam is a useful drug for inducing anesthetic state in geriatric patients and patients with hepatic dysfunction.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Antimicrobial activities of gentamicin against fresh clinical isolates].

Antimicrobial activities of gentamicin (GM), compared with activities of other aminoglycosides (AGs) and beta-lactam antibiotics, were studied against clinical isolates obtained during a period of July-December 1989. 1. GM-resistant strains were noted in 24% of Staphylococcus aureus, 12% of Enterobacter spp., 24% of Serratia marcescens, 7% of Morganella morganii and 26% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but no GM-resistant strains were observed among isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris. 2. A majority of GM-resistant strains of S. aureus were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and a large number of GM-resistant strains of Enterobacter spp. was also resistant to new quinolones. GM showed, however, strong antimicrobial activities against new quinolones-resistant strains of S. marcescens, M. morganii and P. aeruginosa. 3. Among all the isolates tested of S. marcescens, 24% were GM-resistant, 72% were tobramycin (TOB)-resistant, 86% were dibekacin (DKB)-resistant and 64% were amikacin (AMK)-resistant, hence the incidence of GM-resistant strains was the lowest. This tendency was also observed with P. vulgaris. However, among P. aeruginosa, 26% were GM-resistant, 14% TOB-resistant, 18% DKB-resistant and 22% AMK-resistant, thus the incidence rate for GM-resistance was somewhat higher. These results suggest that different AGs-modification enzymes were produced by various clinical isolates under the present condition. 4. Comparing the ratio of GM-resistant strains in the present study with those in 1980 and 1983, the ratio increased among S. aureus, while decreases were observed among Enterobacter spp., S. marcescens, P. vulgaris and P. aeruginosa, indicating that a unilateral tendency of increases in GM-resistant strains did not exist among clinical isolates over the years.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1990

[Diuretic effects of aminophylline in patients after cardiac surgery].

Diuretic effects of aminophylline in patients after cardiac surgery were studied by using the local renal thermodilution catheter (Goodman Co. Ltd.). The subjects were 11 patients who underwent cardiac surgery in our hospital. All patients had shown almost normal renal and endocrine function. On the day of operation, we indwelld renal thermodilution catheter into the left renal vein under fluoroscopy. After operation, when the urinary volume decreased below 1 ml.kg-1.hr-1, we administered aminophylline at a rate of 2 ml.kg-1.hr-1. We measured HR, BP, CO, PAP, CVP, renal blood flow, urinary volume, urinary electrolytes, plasma renin activity, angiotensin II, aldosteron, ADH and alpha hANP just before and after infusion of aminophylline. The urine volume, renal blood flow and renal blood flow distribution rate showed significant increases of about 70%, 40% and 35% respectively. But hemodynamic parameters including HR, mean BP and CO increased for 5%, 10% and 8% respectively after administration of aminophylline. In the endocrine system, only angiotensin II increased significantly but aminophylline did not cause any change in endocrine system. The results suggest that diuretic effect of aminophylline is mainly achieved by increasing renal blood flow.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Synergy between sulbactam and ampicillin or cefoperazone in antimicrobial activity against beta-lactamase producing microorganisms. Results with the use of microdilution broth method].

Antimicrobial activities of sulbactam (SBT) with ampicillin (ABPC) or with cefoperazone (CPZ), in other words, the effects of SBT, an beta-lactamase inhibitor, against beta-lactamase producing strains of clinical isolates, were studied using microdilution broth method. 1. beta-Lactamase producing strains such as Staphylococcus aureus, Branhamella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae decompose benzylpenicillin (PCG) which is one of substrates of the acid-metry disc method and show a strong reaction, while they do not decompose cefazolin (CEZ), another substrate, showing no or weak reaction. Thus, it is suspected that beta-lactamases produced by these organisms are mainly penicillinase (PCase). MIC-distributions of ABPC and CPZ against these clinical isolates which seemed to produce PCase shifted to lower MIC ranges with MIC's reduced to 1/4 or below when 0.025 to 0.39 microgram/ml of SBT was added. 2. It appears that beta-lactamase produced by Proteus vulgaris may be oxyiminocephalosporinase (CXase), because P. vulgaris showed strong reaction on CEZ, but moderate reaction on PCG in the acid-metry disc method. MIC-distribution of ABPC and CPZ against P. vulgaris shifted to a lower range with MIC's of 1/4 or below when 0.20 to 0.39 microgram/ml of SBT was added. 3. All the test strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed strong reaction on CEZ but only 56% of the test strains showed reaction on PCG. It appears that the beta-lactamases which showed strong reaction on CEZ is cephalosporinase and is encoded in chromosome, while those beta-lactamase that showed strong reaction on PCG is encoded in a plasmid which was acquired secondarily by P. aeruginosa. MIC-distribution of CPZ against P. aeruginosa shifted to a lower range with MIC values of 1/2 or below with the addition of SBT at 1.56 micrograms/ml. 4. It appears that the synergy of SBT with ABPC or with CPZ against the PCase or CXase producing strains may occur in the presence of SBT at a concentration far less than that reported previously.

Ampicillin↗

PubMed1990

[Intraoperative cardiac output monitoring by the transtracheal Doppler method].

We investigated the cardiac output measured with a transtracheal doppler (TTD) tube in surgical patients and evaluated its usefulness during operations. This tube was located at the point where maximum velocity of blood flow was obtained in the ascending aorta. At this point the cross-sectional area of the ascending aorta was calculated and the cardiac output was obtained by multiplying this area with average blood flow velocity which had been ultrasonically determined. The cardiac output by the TTD method was compared with that of the thermodilution method in 10 patients. The results with both groups showed a direct linear correlation. We obtained the following linear equation: TTD C.O. = 0.61 Thermo C.O. + 1.3 C.O.: cardiac output. The direct correlation coefficient proved to be 0.85 at a risk factor of 0.01. The result suggests that this non-invasive TTD method is easily available and useful in monitoring the intraoperative cardiac output.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

[Clinical significance of determination of serum RNase activities in patients with eosinophilia--II. Measurements using polyuridylic acid and polycytidylic acid as substrates].

The activities of RNase (RNase-U and RNase-C) were determined in the serum and leukocytes of 277 patients with 14 cases of various kinds of eosinophilia (not less than 10(3)/microliters), 28 cases of chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML), using polyuridylic acid and polycytidylic acid as synthetic substrates according to the method of Raddi et al. Serum RNase-U activity, serum RNase-C activity and the activity ratio (U/C x 10(-3)) were 55 +/- 14 U, 1,280 +/- 235 U and 44 +/- 11 (mean +/- SD), 196 +/- 137, 1,992 +/- 1,134 U and 97 +/- 38, and 110 +/- 50 U, 1,854 +/- 625 U and 65 +/- 13 for normal subjects, eosinophilia and CML (untreated), respectively. U/C ratio in eosinophilia and CML (untreated) showed a highly significant positive correlation (p less than 0.001) with peripheral eosinophil count; the activity of serum RNase-U per cells in the supernatant of eosinophil homogenate rose significantly (p less than 0.001) compared with that of lymphocytes or granulocytes. Besides, serum and eosinophil RNase-U had a similar optimal pH. These results suggested that serum RNase-U in eosinophilia originated mostly from eosinophils and its rise was correlated strongly with the increase in eosinophils.

Clinical Enzyme Tests↗

PubMed1990

[Annual changes in susceptibility of clinical isolates to midecamycin acetate].

To investigate annual changes in the susceptibility of clinical isolates to midecamycin acetate (MDM-AC), minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of MDM-AC were determined for clinical isolates obtained from outpatients since 1985. MDM-AC-resistant strains of Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. have shown similar degrees of resistance to midecamycin and josamycin. Regarding this as macrolide resistance, proportions of macrolide-resistant strains tended to increase for Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae but to decrease for Streptococcus pyogenes. 1. For S. aureus, 8% of the strains isolated in 1985, 20% in 1987 and 20% in 1989 were macrolide-resistant. Of these macrolide-resistant strains, 70% or more in 1987 and 80% or more in 1989 were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). 2. For S. pneumoniae, 8% of the strains isolated in 1985, 12% in 1987 and 12% in 1989 were macrolide-resistant, indicating a tendency for resistant strains to increase annually. 3. For S. pyogenes, 8% of the strains isolated in 1985, 4% in 1987 and 0% in 1989 were macrolide-resistant, showing a decreasing tendency. 4. MDM-AC is still thought to be a clinically useful antibacterial agent because it still shows antibacterial activity against 80% or more of Gram-positive cocci clinically isolated in recent years and a low degree of induction of macrolide resistance in Staphylococcus spp.

Bacterial Infections↗

PubMed1990

[A study of drinking habits of rural middle and old aged residents in Ibaraki Prefecture--relationship between problem drinking, depression and personality (Part 1). On male subjects].

Although there has been considerable research conducted regarding the relationship between alcohol dependency and clinical depression, there have been few reports which have investigated the relationship between alcohol consumption and depression in the general populace of residents of rural communities in Japan. We investigated this correlation in a rural community located in Ibaraki Prefecture, the findings of which are described in this report. The subjects of this investigation were residents of the southern part of the town of K in Ibaraki Prefecture age 40 and over, all of whom had participated in a medical examination program. With respect to the men surveyed, the proportions of problem drinkers and severe problem drinkers were 10.4% and 25.7%, respectively. According to the results we obtained with respect to correlation with personality, problem drinkers were found most frequently in shut-in personality types (37.5%). In regard to the correlation with depression, 7% of the problem drinkers and severe problem drinkers exhibited an SDS score of 50 or higher. In addition, the non-drinking group demonstrated a significantly higher degree of depression in comparison to the normal drinker and severe problem drinker groups.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

[A study of drinking habits of rural middle and old aged residents in Ibaraki Prefecture--relationship between problem drinking, depression and personality (Part 2). On female subjects].

In looking at the findings of the women subjects of this investigation, alcohol consumption decreased rapidly in younger women with the borderline being roughly at the age of 50 years. This is consistent with general trends in Japan. In terms of the correlation with personality, the proportion of drinkers in those groups consisting of syntonic, self-revelation, nervous and persistent personality types was high at 34-37%. 3 out of the 7 women who were severe problem drinkers were of the persistent personality type. As such, it is believed that depression contributes to problem drinking in middle-aged and elderly women residing in rural communities. According to the results of this investigation focused on women residing in rural communities, 30% of the severe problem drinkers were also suffering from depression. As this figure closely resembles the proportion noted in clinical investigations, it was suggested that in the process of alcoholism becoming involved with health care institutions, there are other contributing factors besides clinical depression.

Aged↗

PubMed1989

Autocrine stimulation of interleukin 1 alpha in the growth of adult human T-cell leukemia cells.

In a previous study, we reported that adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) cells produce interleukin 1 (IL1)-like factors that stimulate murine thymocyte proliferation, the production of interleukin 2 (IL2), and the expression of IL2 receptors (IL2R) on normal human T-cells in the presence of concanavalin A. In this communication, we studied the effect of IL1 on the growth of ATL cells in vitro. When ATL cells freshly obtained from patients were cultured with recombinant (r) human IL1 alpha, IL1 beta, or IL1-like factors produced by ATL cell lines, the growth of ATL cells was stimulated in a concentration-dependent manner. Maximum stimulation was observed at a concentration of 50-100 units/ml of IL1. The expression of IL2R on ATL cells was also enhanced by IL1, but the production of IL2 was not induced. These effects of rIL1 alpha or beta were specifically inhibited by anti-IL1 alpha or anti-IL1 beta antibody. Furthermore, the spontaneous growth of ATL cells was also inhibited by anti-IL1 alpha antibody, but not by anti-IL1 beta antibody. ATL cells exhibited enhanced expression of IL1 receptors on their surface as detected by the binding of 125I-labeled rIL1 alpha. These results suggest that IL1 alpha produced by ATL cells stimulates the growth of ATL cells by an autocrine mechanism.

Humans↗

PubMed1989

Expression of IL-1 receptors on human peripheral B cells.

The expression of IL-1R on human peripheral B cells was analyzed by the binding assay with 125I-labeled human rIL-1 alpha and by the flow cytofluorometry by the use of FITC-conjugated IL-1 alpha. The proliferation and the differentiation of B cells stimulated with Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SAC) in the presence of T cell-derived factors were dependent on IL-1. By the binding experiment with 125I-labeled IL-1 alpha, B cells expressed only few IL-1R without any stimulations. When they were stimulated with SAC, IL-1R on B cells began to increase by only 1 h, reached the maximum level at 6 h. The binding of 125I-labeled IL-1 alpha to B cells was inhibited by the addition of either cold IL-1 alpha or IL-1 beta suggesting that IL-1R on B cells reactive for IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta were identical. By Scatchard plot analysis, the existence of two classes of IL-1R on B cells was found. A major class of IL-1R (320 molecules/cell) has a lower affinity (Kd = 3.8 x 10(-10) M) and a minor class of IL-1R (70 molecules/cell) has a higher affinity (Kd = 4.4 x 10(-12) M). When B cells were stimulated with SAC, both lower and higher affinity IL-1R were increased to 1960 molecules/cell and 300 molecules/cell, respectively. Furthermore, IL-1R on B cells were also detected with FITC-conjugated IL-1 alpha by a flow cytofluorometer. Only 3 to 5% of B cells expressed IL-1R without any stimulations. When B cells were stimulated with SAC, IL-1R-positive B cells were increased to 20%. The addition of anti-class II antibodies inhibited B cell proliferation and differentiation induced with SAC, IL-1, and T cell-derived factors. Anti-class II antibodies also inhibited the number of IL-1R on B cells. These results suggest that the expression of IL-1R was induced as the initial stage of B cell activation and that class II Ag play an important role for the expression of IL-1R on B cells.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1989

Effect of recombinant human interleukin 3, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on human BFU-e in serum-free cultures.

The effects of recombinant human hemopoietic growth factors on early and late human erythroid progenitors (BFU-e and CFU-e) were investigated in serum-free cultures. Recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEpo) induced the formation of not only human CFU-e-derived colonies but also human BFU-e-derived bursts. Recombinant human interleukin 3 (rhIL-3) alone did not induce the formation of human BFU-e-derived bursts and human CFU-e-derived colonies. In the presence of rhEpo, rhIL-3 dose dependently increased the number of bursts stimulated by rhEpo, although rhIL-3 did not have the augmentative effect on human CFU-e growth. On the other hand, rhIL-3 did not stimulate the formation of murine BFU-e-derived bursts, and murine IL-3 did not stimulate the formation of human BFU-e-derived bursts. The results indicated that the burst-promoting activity of IL-3 was species-specific between human and murine cells. Recombinant human GM-CSF (rhGM-CSF) or recombinant human G-CSF (rhG-CSF) failed to induce human burst formation and did not augment the effect of rhEpo on human burst formation. The results of the present study suggest that in vitro, IL-3 can stimulate BFU-e in collaboration with Epo, but GM-CSF and G-CSF do not stimulate BFU-e growth in the presence or absence of Epo.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Spontaneous production of bone-resorbing lymphokines by B cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

The culture supernatant of B cells from patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who had never been treated with corticosteroids had bone-resorbing activity (BRA) which stimulated the 45Ca release from prelabeled murine fetal bones. Then we studied the characteristics and the relationship of this BRA with several lymphokines previously reported. The BRA was eluted as three peaks at approximately 17,000, 35,000, and 80,000 daltons by Sephacryl S-200 column chromatography. Recombinant (r)IL 1 alpha, rIL 1 beta, and rTNF possessed BRA, but rIL 4 and rIL 6 did not. Furthermore, the BRA from SLE B cells was absorbed with anti-IL 1 alpha antibody but not with anti-IL 1 beta and anti-TNF antibody. Therefore, the fact that SLE B cells produce BRA which corresponds to IL 1 alpha and IL 1 alpha produced by B cells might be one of the causes of bone destruction in SLE patients.

B-Lymphocytes↗

PubMed1989

Immunological functions and phenotypes of peripheral blood lymphocytes from human T-cell leukemia virus-I carriers.

We studied immunological functions of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I)-seropositive healthy carriers in vitro. Proliferative responses of PBL to T-cell and B-cell mitogens such as concanavalin A (Con A), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SAC) were moderately impaired in HTLV-I carriers compared with normal controls. Immunoglobulin (Ig)-producing activity of PBL stimulated with B-cell mitogens were also impaired in HTLV-I carriers. However, cytotoxic T-cell activity induced by in vitro culture was not impaired but slightly increased in HTLV-I carriers. Natural killer-cell activity was only slightly decreased. By a flow cytofluorometric analysis of the cell surface phenotypes of PBL, the percentage and the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of CD 3-positive cells and CD 4-positive cells were significantly decreased in HTLV-I carriers. The percentage and the MFI of CD 8-positive cells was not changed. The percentage and the MFI of CD 25-positive cells were increased. These results suggest that some immunological abnormalities are already present in HTLV-I carriers and such abnormalities have some roles for the leukemogenesis from the infection of the HTLV-I into adult T-cell leukemia (ATL).

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Weaning time of children with infantile autism.

Since early weaning in infancy has been known to result in vulnerability to infection, weaning times of 145 children diagnosed as autistic by DSM-III were statistically compared with those of 224 normal children in the same catchment area: 24.8% of the patients and 7.5% of the controls were weaned by the end of 1 week, a significant difference. Early weaning because of the mother's rather than the child's condition occurred with 17.9% of the patients and 5.8% of the controls, also a significant difference. Historical studies on infantile autism revealed that the disease developed more prevalently in the socioeconomic status where the incidence of breast-feeding was less frequent. These results suggest that early weaning may contribute to the etiology of infantile autism.

Autistic Disorder↗

PubMed1989

Insulin-like growth factor-I, GH, insulin and glucagon concentrations in bovine colostrum and in plasma of dairy cows and neonatal calves around parturition.

1. The IGF-I concentrations in colostrum on days 1 and 2 after parturition were higher than those in cow and neonate plasma. 2. The modest increase in GH concentrations in cow plasma around parturition would not be enough to stimulate IGF-I release by tissues. 3. The concentrations of insulin, GH and glucagon in colostrum were substantially lower than those in plasma.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Binding of activated macrophages to tumor cells through a macrophage lectin and its role in macrophage tumoricidal activity.

A 45-60 kDa Gal/GalNAc-specific macrophage lectin was found to participate in the interaction between tumor cells and tumoricidal macrophages activated by an antitumor streptococcal preparation, OK-432, and in the tumoricidal activity of the activated macrophages. The binding between OK-432-elicited activated macrophages and murine mastocytoma P-815 cells was inhibited on preincubation of the macrophages with a neoglycoprotein (Gal-BSA) or a complex-type glycopeptide (unit B) which was a specific inhibitor of the macrophage lectin. This binding of the macrophages to P-815 cells was also inhibited on the addition of anti-macrophage lectin antiserum. Contrary to the case of OK-432-elicited macrophages, the binding of thioglycolate-elicited (responsive) macrophages to P-815 cells was inhibited only a little by Gal-BSA and unit B, and not inhibited by the antiserum. Furthermore, the tumoricidal activity of the activated macrophages was inhibited by the addition of the anti-macrophage lectin antiserum. These results suggest that the binding of activated macrophages to tumor cells through the Gal/GalNAc-specific macrophage lectin is an important part of the tumor cell killing mechanism.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Calcium-activated neutral protease inhibitor (E-64c) and reperfusion for experimental myocardial infarction.

We examined the efficacy of the combination of coronary reperfusion and calcium-activated neutral protease (CANP) inhibitor (E-64c) for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction in dogs. In 34 dogs, the left anterior descending artery (LAD) was occluded and reperfused after 1 hour (Groups A and B). In the remaining 49 dogs, the LAD was ligated (Groups C and D). E-64c (100 mg/kg, Groups A and C) or vehicle (Groups B and D) was injected intravenously before and after the coronary occlusion or ligation. After 24 hours the hearts were removed. The proportion of the infarct size in the LAD perfusing area (risk zone) in Group A was 47.3 +/- 9.7%, significantly lower than in Group C (54.8 +/- 8.2%, p less than 0.05) or Group D (58.7 +/- 10.0%, p less than 0.01). There was a significant difference between Group B (52.9 +/- 8.6%) and Group D as well (p less than 0.05). The effects of reperfusion (p = 0.0016) and E-64c (p = 0.0226) per se on infarct size were significant, but the combination of reperfusion and E-64c was not additive. The decrease in CPK activity in the risk zone was significantly lower in the reperfused group (p = 0.0001). The mCANP activity was higher in the border zone and lower in the infarct zone. The trend in the mu CANP activity was similar to that of mCANP. Thus, treatment with a CANP inhibitor in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction may be marginally beneficial in combination with reperfusion.

Animals↗