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Biomedical subjects

S Oda

Publications and source records attributed to S Oda.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Development of a laboratory line (SRI line) derived from the wild house musk shrew, Suncus murinus, indigenous to Sri Lanka.

Five male and 9 female house musk shrews (Suncus murinus) captured in Koralawella, Sri Lanka were acquired by our laboratory. One male and 3 females alone contributed to the development of a new laboratory line (SRI line). The SRI line has been maintained as a closed breeding colony consisting of more than 40 shrews. Gestation period and litter size at birth averaged 31.2 days (43 cases) and 2.4 (43 litters), respectively. The SRI line shrews were uniformly covered with light gray fur. The body weight and total length of adult shrews averaged 72.9 g and 23.9 cm in males, and 49.6 g and 21.0 cm in females. These data indicate a body size intermediate between BAN line shrews originating from Bangladesh and Nag or OKI line shrews from Japan. The SRI shrews are also characterized by having 30 chromosomes in diploid, being the smallest number in the entire species, whereas the otherlines (Nag, OKI and BAN) all have 40 chromosomes.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1989

In vitro effectiveness of a newly-designed ultrasonic scaler tip for furcation areas.

This study was undertaken to perform an in vitro comparison of the accessibility and effectiveness of a newly-designed furcation tip for an ultrasonic system with conventional curets and ultrasonic scalers. The new furcation tip was spiral in shape with a spherical end. The study was conducted on three groups of 40 teeth, each comprising 20 maxillary and 20 mandibular molars. The furcation of each tooth was colored by black felt-tipped marker, after which the teeth were fixed into artificial jaw models. Each group was then instrumented by either the newly-designed furcation tip, a straight type ultrasonic scaler tip, or a Gracey curet. The teeth were photographed by a stereomicroscope from the dome surface of furcation, and the percentage of remaining colored area was calculated for each tooth. Replica models were also made and examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mean percentage of the remaining colored areas for each instrument was, for the maxillary molars and mandibular molars respectively, 15.1% and 16.7% with the newly-designed tip; 50.3% and 44.1% with the straight type ultrasonic scaler; and 61.1% and 39.5% with the Gracey curets. The newly-designed tip thus showed high levels of effectiveness and accessibility for furcation debridement. Although the SEM photographs showed that each instrument had affected the furcation surfaces in various degrees, the teeth instrumented by the newly-designed tip maintained relatively smoother surfaces. It was concluded that the newly-designed furcation tip was more effective than the straight type ultrasonic scaler or the Gracey curet in the debridement of furcation in vitro.

Dental Plaque↗
PubMed1989

[Great depth pneumatic caisson and its load work involved with the efficiency of respiratory protection].

Pneumatic caisson work in Japan has been in operation since 1924. Afterward, this technique of compressed air work has been utilized in the constructions like as foundation works, the basements, and shafts of the bottom tunnel or shields for subway and so forth. While, it means for people to be exposed to hyperbaric environment that they use compressed air work, this technique has risks to be suffered from not only decompression sickness (DCS) but toxicity of poisonous gas or oxygen deficiency. However, this technique is necessary for urban civil engineering and recent compressed air works over than 1.0 kg/cm2 has been increased in 1.5 times more than in 1970's and the higher compressed air work more than 4.0 kg/cm2 will be actually planned in near future. So unmanned caisson work is considered as a better technique for such high pressure work, even though people must enter into hyperbaric working fields for maintenance or repair of unmanned operated machinery and materials. This research is to establish the safety work under hyperbaric environment within 7 kg/cm2. It is necessary for us to establish the system not only to keep safety but to maintain working efficiency. According to obtain the purpose, the effect of respiratory protection has been investigated and work load under hyperbaric caisson work has also been studied.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Low-dose dopamine treatment of patients in nonketotic hyperosmolar hyperglycemic coma].

In the acute neurosurgical setting, nonketotic hyperosmolar hyperglycemic coma (NHC) is thought to be caused by cerebral dehydration therapy and administration of steroids, glycerol, or mannitol. The mortality of this complication is reportedly very high, and is due to acute renal and/or cardiac failure. The authors evaluated the effect of low-dose dopamine (LDD; 1 to 5 micrograms/kg/min) administration in 10 patients with this syndrome. LDD was given to five patients. In these cases, hypovolemia was treated under central venous pressure monitoring with an iso-osmolar hyponatremic lactate solution given in a volume greater than the urine output. After the hypovolemia was corrected, the fluid was administered in a volume equal to the urine output until the serum osmolarity was normalized. In the five patients not given LDD, a large quantity of hypotonic solution was rapidly administered. In all patients treated with LDD, the urinary sodium increased and the urinary output stabilized. Consequently, the excess urea-nitrogen and serum sodium were quite easily washed out. The total net intake volume for the normalization of serum osmolarity was small and the duration of treatment was much shorter than that of patients not treated with LDD. The LDD regimen was not associated with complications, such as aggravation of cerebral edema, renal failure, or cardiac failure. On the other hand, three of the five patients not given LDD died of acute renal and/or cardiac failure without normalization of laboratory data. It is emphasized that this therapy, which results in beta-effect of catecholamine, sodium diuresis, and increased renal blood flow, is a practical means of managing acute neurosurgical cases complicated by NHC.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Cellular metabolic consideration in the pathophysiology and the treatment of shock].

Shock is defined as the summation of cellular dysfunction and resultant impairment of the function in various organs. The typical such condition can be observed in shock-induced multiple organ failure (MOF). Therefore, the most effective and fundamental management against shock should be the improvement of such cellular dysfunction. The present study was undertaken to investigate the cellular metabolic abnormalities and their treatment in shock-induced MOF patients. The severity of cellular damage was evaluated with cellular injury score (CIS), which can be calculated by scoring the values of osmolality gap, arterial ketone body ratio and blood lactate. The CIS correlated significantly with the outcome and the number of failing organs in the MOF patients. Since tissue hypoxia and humoral mediator have been considered to play a key role in the development of such cellular dysfunction, protease inhibitor was administered to such patients and oxygen metabolism was improved with catecholamine. The CIS improved among survived MOF patients following those treatments. These results suggest that the shock-induced MOF is the summation of the cellular dysfunction which can be assessed with the CIS, and that such cellular dysfunction could be improved through the therapeutic approach to the humoral mediators and/or tissue oxygen metabolism.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[Determination of the MIC of cefotetan against freshly isolated gram-negative bacilli].

Antimicrobial activities (MICs) of cefotetan (CTT) against 575 strains of 16 spp. of Gram-negative bacilli isolated in 1988 were determined to investigate distribution of MICs in comparison with those of cefmetazole (CMZ), cefoxitin (CFX), latamoxef (LMOX) and cefazolin (CEZ). The change in frequencies of incidence of cephem-resistant strains in the latter half of the 1980 was also investigated. Distribution of MIC of CTT varied with test strains. No or very few MICs were at or higher than 12.5 micrograms/ml at an inoculation of 10(6) cfu/ml, thus rates of CTT-resistant strains were low among Escherichia coli, Citrobacter diversus, Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., Providencia spp., and Haemophilus influenzae. High rates of resistance to CTT were observed, however, among Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter spp., Serratia marcescens, Morganella morganii, and Bacteroides fragilis. 2. Most CTT-resistant strains of C. freundii, Enterobacter spp. and S. marcescens were also resistant to LMOX. These resistant strains were considered to be multi-resistant strains to antibiotics including oxime type cephalosporins and monobactams. 3. Cephem-resistant E. coli was confirmed to be resistant to 22% of CEZ, 14% of CFX, 10% of CMZ and 2% of CTT tested. The incidence of cephem-resistant E. coli unconditionally showed an increasing tendency. 4. The incidence of resistant strains against cephamycins including CTT is discussed with regard to the mechanism of resistance against all beta-lactam antibiotics, and the problem of the appearance of resistant strains is close and inseparable from social background.

Cefazolin↗
PubMed1989

Eicosanoids and the hemodynamic course of live Escherichia coli-induced sepsis in baboons.

Time-related changes in eicosanoid release and hemodynamic parameters were characterized in baboons during the early development of sepsis induced by intravenous (i.v.) infusion of live Escherichia coli (4 x 10(10) organisms/kg) in baboons. Plasma levels of thromboxane B2 (TxB2), a stable metabolite of thromboxane A2 (TxA2), rose rapidly in arterial, venous, and pulmonary arterial blood after infusion of live E. coli, attaining maximal increases at 30 min and returning to control values by 60 min. In contrast, plasma concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha rose slowly after infusion, reaching peak concentrations at 120 min, then slowly returned to control values between 4 and 5 hr after infusion of live E. coli. Hemodynamic values remained stable during the first 2 hr after infusion, although early changes in cellular energy metabolism and incipient hemodynamic failure were inferred from pyrexia, tachycardia, and metabolic acidosis. At 3 hr, signs of further hemodynamic compromise developed, including increased venous PCO2, reduced pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and reduced stroke volume, followed by gradual increases in systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance. These factors coincided with progressive reductions in cardiac output and deteriorating circulatory efficiency. The time course of events following infusion of live E. coli indicates that alterations in cellular energy provision occurred early (within 1 hr), whereas central hemodynamic parameters decayed much more slowly. Additionally, TxA2 and PGI2 appear related to the early events in the development of sepsis as their release preceded cardiocirculatory failure.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1989

[Successful treatment with a small dose of N4-behenoyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine in a case of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia in blastic crisis].

A 56-year-old female was admitted for the examination of leukocytosis in May, 1982. The hematological examination showed hemoglobin 12.0g/dl, platelets 14.5 X 10(4)/microliters and leukocytes 18,000/microliters with 28% of monocytes. A bone marrow aspiration revealed granulocytic hyperplasia. Granulocytes showed nuclear abnormalities, such as folding or lobulation. From these data, a diagnosis of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMMoL) was made and followed with no treatment for 2 years. However, fever, bone pain, anemia, thrombocytopenia and the increase of monoblasts in the peripheral blood and bone marrow were observed in May, 1984. These findings indicated that she was in the blastic phase. She was treated by intensive combination chemotherapy (BHAC-AMP), but did not attain any remission. Therefore, a small dose of N4-behenoyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (BH-AC; 1 mg/kg/day) was administered for 70 days. As a result, complete remission was obtained and continued for 37 months with the same therapy. The experience of this case suggests that small dose of BH-AC could be applied to a case of CMMoL in blastic crisis.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1989

[Antimicrobial activity of cefteram comparison with other oral antibiotics].

Antimicrobacterial activities of cefteram (CFTM) against clinical isolates collected in 1988 were compared with those of new beta-lactams. 1. Antibacterial activities of CFTM against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Branhamella catarrhalis isolated from acute respiratory tract infections were 8- to 16-fold higher than those of cefaclor (CCL). 2. Activities of cefixime (CFIX) were superior to those of CFTM against B. catarrhalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, but were inferior to CFTM against S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Staphylococcus aureus. 3. Activities of cefuroxime were superior to those of CCL against each of the 4 tested bacterial species from acute respiratory tract infection and S. aureus by 4-fold, but were inferior to CFTM and CFIX against most of Gram-negative rods. 4. Sultamicillin (SBTPC) is considered to have an activity to inhibit beta-lactamase, but its MICs did not exceed the MICs of ampicillin by itself. SBTPC showed poor antibacterial activities against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Considering these observations, it is apparent that we are faced with a variety of factors in selecting antibiotics for best results.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1989

[Perioperative water and electrolyte metabolism and its abnormalities in aged patients].

The number of aged surgical patients is increasing due to the increase of aged people in the general population. Aged surgical patients above 65 years of age constituted about 30% of all ICU patients in our institution. Perioperative care for aged patients has now become one of the most important clinical activities in the ICU. The perioperative management for those aged patients should be performed with great care because these patients have some abnormalities in water and electrolyte metabolism. Aged patients showed decreased blood levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and decreased creatinine clearance even in the preoperative period. The ANP level and the creatinine clearance showed significant negative correlation, indicating that one of the reasons for impaired renal function among aged patients could be the decreased ANP level in blood. The intraoperative insults to the aged surgical patients undergoing radical operation for esophageal cancer tended to be smaller compared to that in the younger patients. Intraoperative infusion volume and urinary output were also smaller in the aged group compared to those in the younger group. The postoperative infusion therapy in the ICU mainly consisted of intravenous hyperalimentation with decreased Na content and the transfusion of fresh frozen plasma. This regimen should be more suitable for the aged patients. Even though the aged and the younger group received the same infusion therapy during their postoperative ICU stay up to the 7th day, the aged patients showed the tendency of Na and Cl retention and increase in anion gap. However, these abnormalities in water and electrolyte metabolism were not so severe as to cause clinical symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Changes in serum RNase activities in chronic phase and acute crisis of chronic myelocytic leukemia].

We investigated serum acid and alkaline RNase activities in 16 cases of acute crisis of chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML), 21 cases of untreated CML, and 13 cases of treated CML, to clarify clinical significance of the determination of RNase activities in acute crisis of CML. We obtained results as follows; the ratio of acid to alkaline Rnase activities (Ac/Al ratio) of chronic phase of CML was 1.64 +/- 0.47 (mean +/- SD) in the untreated cases, and was 1.32 +/- 0.16 in the treated cases. The Ac/Al ratio always indicated over 1.0 in the chronic phase of CML without any relationship to treatments. On the other hand, in the cases of acute crisis, the Ac/Al ratio was significantly lowered (0.94 +/- 0.22) as compared to the chronic phase of CML (p less than 0.001), and was similar to that of acute leukemia. The acid and alkaline RNase activities of the blast from the patients with acute crisis of CML showed remarkably lower value than those of leukemic cells from patients with chronic phase of CML. Therefore, it was Suggested that the return to normal range of Ac/Al ratio in acute crisis of CML depended on marked decrease of RNase activities of blasts. Thus, serial determinations of the enzyme activities are considered to be one of useful tools for prediction of acute crisis of CML.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[The effect of purified mouse GM-CSF on CFU-C colony growth in serum-free cultures].

We investigated the effect of the ingredients in serum-free cultures, in which serum was completely replaced by albumin, cholesterol and transferrin, on the growth of murine granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells (colony forming unit in culture: CFU-C) stimulated by serum-free PWM-SCM and the influences of purified granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in serum-free cultures. The results were as follows: 1) The number of CFU-C colonies reached a peak after 4 days of incubation. 2) A linear relationship was observed between the number of CFU-C colonies and the number of inoculated bone marrow cells. 3) Serum-free cultures could support CFU-C colony growth to the same degree as that in serum-containing cultures. Also, no significant differences were found in the types of colonies grown in both cultures. 4) Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and cholesterol were considered to play the most important roles among the ingredients in serum-free cultures. 5) Purified GM-CSF supported CFU-C colony growth in serum-free cultures and more than a half of the colonies formed were GM-colonies. These results showed the usefulness of our serum-free cultures for studying the granulopoiesis in vitro without the influences of various substances in the serum.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Production of bone-resorbing activity corresponding to interleukin-1 alpha by adult T-cell leukemia cells in humans.

The physicochemical properties and relationship of bone-resorbing activity and interleukin 1 (IL-1) produced by adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) cells and cell line were studied in vitro. The culture supernatant of ATL cell line, MT2, and peripheral blood lymphocytes freshly obtained from ATL patients had both IL-1 activity detected by the stimulation of murine thymocyte-proliferative responses and bone-resorbing activity detected by the stimulation of 45Ca release from prelabeled murine fetal bones. By Sephacryl S-200 column chromatography, both activities were eluted as a single peak at approximately Mr 15,000. By the chromatofocusing technique, the isoelectric point values of both activities were estimated as pH 4.8 and 5.2. Furthermore, both activities were absorbed with rabbit anti-IL-1 alpha antiserum, but not with anti-IL-1 beta antiserum. These results suggest that ATL cells and cell line produce bone-resorbing activity which corresponds to IL-1 alpha and that this IL-1 alpha is one of the most important causes of hypercalcemia in ATL patients.

Biological Assay↗
PubMed1988

High-performance liquid chromatography of carthamin, safflor yellow A and a precursor of carthamin. Application to the investigation of an unknown red pigment produced in cultured cells of safflower.

A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method was developed to analyse and purify carthamin, safflor yellow A (safflomin-A) and the yellow precursor of carthamin. A red pigment similar to carthamin was extracted from cell suspension cultures of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) as an application of biotechnology. The RP-HPLC method was used to characterize the unknown red pigment. Various spectroscopic methods were used to characterize purified carthamin and the purified unknown pigment. Based on these spectral observations, it was concluded that the unknown red pigment produced in cultured cells of safflower differed from carthamin, although the unknown pigment might be a glycoside. From other observations, the possibility of anthocyanins and carotenoids were also discounted. It was assumed that the cultured cells lacked the biosynthetic pathway of the yellow precursor of carthamin, although they possessed the activity of the enzyme mediating the synthesis of carthamin from the yellow precursor.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1988

Strain differences in teratogenic susceptibility to trypan blue between WM and BDIX rat strains.

Female rats of WM (Wistar-Mishima)/Nem strain were mated with WM/Nem (group W) or BDIX/Nem males (group WB), and BDIX/Nem females were mated with BDIX/Nem (group B) or WM/Nem males (group BW). On day 8 of gestation, pregnant females were treated intraperitoneally with 1% aqueous solution of trypan blue at a dose of between 20 and 120 mg/kg of body weight. On day 20 of gestation, fetuses were examined for external, visceral, and skeletal malformations. In group W, fetal mortality increased dose dependently at doses higher than 20 mg/kg, and incidences of external, visceral, and skeletal malformations were significantly higher than control at doses of 30 mg/kg and more. In group B, fetal mortality and the incidence of external malformations were significantly higher than control only in the group treated with 120 mg/kg, and no significant increase of visceral and skeletal malformations was shown. It was confirmed that BDIX strain is much more resistant to trypan blue teratogenicity than WM strain. In group BW, nearly the same teratogenic effects were shown as in group W in terms of fetal mortality and incidence of malformations. However, in group WB, teratogenic effects were not so remarkable as in group BW, suggesting patroclinous effects in teratogenic susceptibility to trypan blue. In group BW, sex differences in teratogenic susceptibility were found; male fetuses were more susceptible to trypan blue than females.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Epidemiology of infantile autism in southern Ibaraki, Japan: differences in prevalence in birth cohorts.

Infantile autism was diagnosed by DSM-III criteria in 132 children (26 girls) who were outpatients of the Tsuchiura Child Guidance Center during the years 1977-1985. The children, all Japanese except for one Laotian boy born in Laos, were classified according to year and month of birth. The prevalence rate of infantile autism in southern Ibaraki, Japan, within the birth cohort born between 1972 and 1978 was 13.9/10,000 children. The month of birth for infantile autism increased in the second quarter of the year. The prevalence rate of infantile autism in each 1-year birth cohort fluctuated in a 4-year cycle, which was closely correlated (r = .92) with the number of children admitted with pneumonia and bronchiolitis in that area. These findings led us to postulate that infectious factors of children's pneumonia and bronchiolitis may have some role in the cause of infantile autism.

Adolescent↗