Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S Murakami.
Sixty-seven cases of inverted papilloma have been reported in many anatomical sites of urinary tract but only 9 cases involving the posterior urethra have been described in Japan. We report the 10th case of inverted papilloma of the posterior urethra in a 27-year-old male who complained of macroscopic hematuria. The lesion was diagnosed cystoscopically and treated by transurethral resection.
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A case of TIAs due to proximal common carotid artery stenosis which was successfully treated with autogenous saphenous vein graft between the subclavian artery and the external carotid artery is presented. A 57-year-old, right handed female was admitted to our hospital for the treatment of left common carotid artery stenosis which was pointed out at a local hospital. She had a 7-years' history of repeated transient right hemiparesis and/or left amaurosis fugax. No neurological deficit was revealed on admission. Angiography showed an 80% irregular stenosis of the left common carotid artery at its origin, hypoplastic A1-portion of the left anterior cerebral artery and hypoplasia of the left posterior communicating artery. No other stenotic lesions were disclosed in a four-vessel study. Several kinds of surgical procedures have been reported for the treatment of common carotid stenotic lesion, in accordance with the site and extension of the lesion and hemodynamic factors. To maintain a sufficient blood flow of the left internal carotid artery, we considered four different operative methods such as (1) endarterectomy of the common carotid artery, (2) subclavian to common carotid artery bypass, (3) subclavian to external carotid artery bypass and (4) subclavian to middle cerebral artery bypass. The first two operative procedures force to clamp the common carotid artery which was the only one feeding artery of the left middle cerebral artery because of poor cross flow in this case. These procedures were thought highly possibly to give rise to cerebral infarction on the left side. The fourth method needs a long graft which has higher risk of bypass occlusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The distribution of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and peptide histidine isoleucine amide (PHI) was investigated in the canine hypothalamus by immunocytochemistry. VIP- and PHI-like immunoreactive neurons were detected in the magnocellular supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus. These magnocellular VIP- and PHI-producing neurons coexist with vasopressin-like immunoreactivity and send axons to the median eminence and neurohypophysis. These findings may serve as an anatomical basis for studying the function of VIP and PHI on pituitary hormone secretion.
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Thymidine kinase, the enzyme in the pyrimidine salvage pathway, and its isozymes were examined in 10 specimens of normal mammary gland, 10 fibroadenomas and 11 adenocarcinomas in human breasts. The average thymidine kinase activities in fibroadenomas and adenocarcinomas were about 3 and 8 times that in normal mammary gland. The mammary thymidine kinase isozymes were separated into two types by diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) cellulose column chromatography. The activity of the thymidine kinase isozyme eluted with 0.1 M sodium chloride in buffer was twofold higher in fibroadenomas and fourfold higher in adenocarcinomas than that in normal tissue. In adenocarcinomas, but not fibroadenomas, the activity of the other isozyme eluted with buffer alone was increased to 22-fold that in normal tissues. As the activity of the latter isozyme was not affected by deoxycytidine triphosphate, it may be involved closely in DNA replication.
In a patient with metachronous multiple primary lung cancer, bilateral lobectomy was performed, using bronchoplastic procedures. This case may be one of very few such cases reported in the literature. A 56-year-old man with squamous cell carcinoma was surgically treated for lung cancer. At the first operation, right upper lobectomy with wedge resection of the right main bronchus was performed, as the tumor occupied the orifice of the right main bronchus. Six months later, re-operation for stricture at the anastomotic line was done because of granulation. By means of sleeve resection of the strictured right main bronchus, the airway was reconstructed. The patient remained well for five years, then a similar cancer at the orifice of the left lower lobe and bulging into the left main bronchus became evident. Left lower sleeve lobectomy was done for the second primary cancer. The postoperative course was uneventful and he is well with no signs of recurrence 6 years and 10 months after the first operation and 19 months after the second sleeve lobectomy.
Pregnant rats were injected with 4 mg of testosterone propionate (TP) from days 15 to 22 of pregnancy or a single dose of 4 mg TP on day 17 or 21 of pregnancy. Female offspring treated with TP or the vehicle prenatally were sacrificed at 90 days of age. The volume of the cluster of intensely stained neurons in the medial preoptic area, the "sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area" (SDN-POA), was found to be affected by prenatal exposure to TP. The effect of TP on the development of the SDN-POA was most remarkable in the animals treated with a single dose of TP on day 17 of pregnancy, whereas TP injection on day 21 of pregnancy had no remarkable effect. These results suggest that continuous prenatal exposure to TP is not essential for stimulation of the development of the SDN-POA, suggesting the presence of a critical period during which the SDN-POA is most sensitive to the androgen. Although 4 out of 11 females exposed to TP from days 15 to 22 were sterile, the ovarian function of most of the TP-exposed offspring was normal. Furthermore, prenatally TP-exposed females failed to show behavioral masculinization and defeminization. All these females displayed high lordotic response levels and only rarely showed mounting behavior. These results suggest that the absolute volume of the SDN-POA does not seem to be directly correlated with the regulation of the cyclic release of gonadotropins and/or expression of sexual behavior.
The role of gastric mucous glycoprotein (GP) in cytoprotection by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and an anti-ulcer drug, sofalcone, which increases the endogenous prostaglandins (PGs), was investigated in rats with ethanol-induced gastric lesions. Oral administration of absolute ethanol in rats caused a marked increase in low-molecular weight luminal GP and a marked decrease in macromolecular weight GP in the gastric tissue. These changes were significantly prevented by pretreatment with PGE2 or sofalcone. The adhesive intensity of mucous GP to the surface epithelium was estimated by comparing the amount of GP released into the medium in an in vitro incubation system. Our observations indicate that the adhesion of mucous GP is markedly decreased by oral administration of absolute ethanol, and this decrease is prevented by pretreatment with PGE2 or sofalcone. The adhesion of the secreted mucous GP to the gastric epithelium is probably one of important factors in prostaglandin cytoprotection.
Using a mucolytic agent, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), the structure of rat gastric mucous glycoprotein (GP) and its participation in prostaglandin cytoprotection were studied. Treatment of the undegraded native mucous GP with 20% NAC resulted in a marked reduction in molecular weight as obtained in the case of treatment with 0.5 M beta-mercaptoethanol. The amount of GP remaining in the gastric tissue, including the mucous layer after 3 h-incubation was defined as an indication of the mucous adhesiveness to the gastric mucosal surface. The adhesiveness was markedly decreased by the in vitro or in vivo treatment with NAC. The cytoprotective effect of prostaglandin E2 was significantly reduced by pretreatment with NAC. Elution profiles of mucous GP on Sepharose CL-2B showed a good correlation between decrease in the amount of the undegraded native mucous GP and the severity of gastric damage. In addition, the collapse of the native mucous GP into its subunits resulted in a decrease in the adhesiveness. These observations suggest that the maintenance of the native mucous GP is an essential factor for prostaglandin cytoprotection.
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