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Biomedical subjects

S Murakami

Publications and source records attributed to S Murakami.

At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Treatment of prostatic cancer with an LH-RH analog].

LH-RH analog (Buserelin) was administered in 10 cases of untreated prostatic cancer in our hospitals. All 10 cases had stage D2 disease. Five cases were of moderately differentiated carcinoma and 5 cases were of poorly differentiated carcinoma. The levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone in blood plasma tended in decrease four weeks after treatment except for one case. The levels of testosterone in blood plasma reached the castrated level four weeks after administration except for the above one case. In adjacent effect by National Prostatic Cancer Project Criteria, the LH-RH proved to be effective in 6 of the 10 cases. The flush of face appeared in two cases, but it disappeared spontaneously. One case had a slight temporal macrohematuria one week after treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Thymidylate synthetase and thymidine kinase activities in DMH-induced colon carcinomas in rats and effects of UFT.

Carcinoma of the colon was induced in rats by injection of a carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), and thymidylate synthetase (TS) and thymidine kinase (TK) activities, which catalyze the biosynthesis of dTMP by the de novo pathway and the salvage pathway of pyrimidine synthesis, respectively, were measured in normal control colon, DMH-treated normal colon, and DMH-induced colon carcinoma with or without administration of two doses of an anti-cancer drug UFT (a combination of tegafur and uracil). TS and TK activities were both increased after treatment with DMH, markedly in colon carcinoma tissue, and to a lesser degree in normal-appearing colon tissue. This phenomenon is well explained by the hypothesis that biochemical alterations of DNA-synthesizing enzyme activities occur as a preliminary step prior to the development of overt cancerous transformation. A low dose of UFT inhibited TS activity but enhanced TK activity, therefore, the salvage pathway may compensate for the reduced level of the de novo synthesis. On the other hand, a large dose of UFT reduced both TS and TK activities, perhaps due to cytotoxic effects of UFT incorporation into RNA.

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine↗
PubMed1986

Effect of sofalcone on gastric mucosal prostaglandin metabolism in taurocholate induced gastritis in rats.

The effects of sodium taurocholate (TCA) and sofalcone on prostaglandin (PG) metabolism in rat gastric mucosa were examined. TCA administration for 3 months increased the activity of the PG-metabolizing enzyme, 15-hydroxy-PG-dehydrogenase (15-OH-PG-DH) and decreased the PGE2 content in the rat gastric mucosa. The administration of sofalcone for 3 weeks prevented the increase in the 15-OH-PG-DH activity and prevented the decrease in the PGE2 content reduced by TCA administration. The activation and inhibition of 15-OH-PG-DH activity by the administration of TCA and sofalcone were both uncompetitive and non competitive against the substrates PGE1 and NAD, respectively. These results suggest that the decrease in PGE2 content by the activation of 15-OH-PG-DH activity is involved in the development of TCA induced gastritis and the effect of sofalcone which prevented the decrease of mucosal PGE2 by inhibiting 15-OH-PG-DH plays an important role in the healing of gastritis.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[A case of multilocular renal cyst with calcification].

A 55-year-old woman was incidentally found to have a calcified right renal mass on ultrasonography. A plain film of the abdomen revealed a 3.5 X 4.4 cm, curvilinear calcification in the midportion of the right kidney, and an excretory urogram showed no compression or distortion of the pelvocalyceal system. Computed tomography demonstrated a low density renal mass associated with both peripheral and central calcification. Renal arteriogram revealed a hypovascular mass. Right nephrectomy was performed and the multilocular renal cyst with calcification was confirmed histologically. In the Japanese literature, 53 cases of multilocular renal cyst have been reported, but calcification of the multilocular renal cyst seems to be the first as far as we know.

Angiography↗
PubMed1986

[Staging pelvic lymphadenectomy for the prostatic cancer].

Staging pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed on 21 patients with the prostatic cancer of stage A, B and C from January in 1981 to April in 1985. Twelve cases (57%) showed lymph node metastasis. Gleason's scores of the cases with lymph node metastasis proved lower than those of the cases without lymph node metastasis (p less than 0.05). There were no differences in grade between primary tumors and lymph node metastases. The percentage of metastasis to the external iliac, internal iliac and obturator lymph nodes was 55%, 83% and 82%, respectively. Two patients suffered from the delayed healing of the wound and the edema of the lower extremities, respectively, but the other patients had no complication.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Effect of sofalcone on acute gastric mucosal lesions induced by aspirin and ethanol in reference to the biosynthesis of gastric mucosal glycoprotein.

Sofalcone prevented the formation of lesions by 50% ethanol and aspirin dose dependently, prevented the decrease in the gastric mucosal macromolecular glycoprotein content caused by these treatments, and prevented the decrease in the incorporation of 3H-glucosamine caused by ethanol and aspirin into the macromolecular glycoprotein. 35S-Sulfate incorporation, which was slightly decreased, by the administration of ethanol and aspirin, was significantly increased, and the specific activity of sulfated macromolecular glycoprotein synthesis which was not changed by ethanol or aspirin was increased by the administration of sofalcone prior to these treatments. These results suggest that the maintenance of the mucosal macromolecular glycoprotein content is involved in the protective effects of sofalcone against the formation of acute gastric lesions induced by ethanol and aspirin.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Tumor factors influencing the prognosis of renal cell carcinoma].

Fifty six patients, 40 males and 16 females, received radical nephrectomy and were diagnosed to have renal cell carcinoma pathologically at Asahi General Hospital between January, 1972 and September, 1984. The five and ten year survival rates were 44.2 and 35.7% respectively. The cancers were classified according to pTNM category and their cell type and grade were estimated. The relationship between these factors and the patient's prognosis was studied. We recognized a close correlation among pT, cell type and grade, and found that they had a serious influence on prognosis. There was a close correlation between grade and pV, but no relationship between pN, pM and grade. Cases with a positive lymph node or distant metastasis had poor prognosis. Therefore, we suggest the possibility of false negative evaluation of pN and pM, because pN and pM were estimated clinically. Consequently, we believe that the pTNM category is a good classification for evaluation tumor expansion and the prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Synaptogenesis in the neonatal preoptic area grafted into the aged brain.

The medial preoptic area (POA) of newborn female rats was transplanted into the third ventricle of young adult (2 months of age) and aged (27 months of age) female rats. The grafted POA tissues were examined ultrastructurally 2 months after transplantation. The mean numbers of axodendritic shaft and spine synapses in the POA transplants in both young adult and aged female rats were much greater than those in the medial POA of newborn female rats. These results suggest that the neuronal substrates in the medial POA grafts develop well in the brain of the aged female rats.

Aging↗
PubMed1985

Congenital bile duct dilatation--possibly an hereditary condition.

A female patient underwent resection of a large choledochal cyst and hepaticojejunostomy when she was 11 years old at Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital. Her mother, 48 years old, also had congenital bile duct dilatation (CBD) with cancer. The mother had an anomalous pancreatico-biliary ductal junction. To investigate the possibility of a genetic link, family members of another three consecutive CBD cases were examined for bile duct dilatation and anomalous pancreatico-biliary junction. Endoscopic retrograde choledocho-pancreatography (ERCP) revealed an anomalous pancreatico-biliary ductal junction, without bile duct dilatation in the mother of a 17-year-old CBD patient. Two familial occurrences of CBD had been reported in the Japanese literature. Their combinations were; a father--a daughter and two sisters, respectively. Considering that the sex ratio of CBD is one male to 2.6 females, our results suggest that CBD or anomalous pancreatico-biliary ductal junction may be 1) an X-linked dominant trait or 2) autosomal dominant trait with relatively low penetrance in males. Since anomalous pancreatico-biliary ductal junction does not necessarily develop into bile duct dilatation, more familial investigations on pancreatico-biliary ductal junction and bile duct dilatation are essential to clarify the genetic contribution to CBD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Recovery of postural control following chronic bilateral hemisections at different spinal cord levels in adult cats.

Chronic cats with double hemisections of the spinal cord, first at a lower thoracic level followed by a contralateral midthoracic cord at intervals of 0 to 126 days (T-T preparations) or first at an upper cervical followed by a midthoracic at intervals of 15 to 74 days (C-T preparations), eventually recovered quadrupedal standing 7 to 53 days after the second hemisection. For about 7 days following the first hemisection at a lower thoracic level, floor reaction force (FRF) of the hind limb of the hemisected side decreased to 25 to 30% of the normal value, then recovered to the control value. A group of cats whose second hemisection was done within 7 days after the first hemisection needed 24 to 53 (mean 43) days to recover quadrupedal standing, whereas cats whose second hemisection occurred after 10 to 126 days needed 7 to 22 (mean 15) days. During the recovery period many unusual reflexes were elicited which eventually disappeared as the cats resumed standing and walking. Lateral stability of the double-hemisected cats deteriorated significantly, whereas segmental reflexes were augmented. These results indicate the importance of descending impulses over the segmental motoneuron pools to control standing posture and locomotion. It was assumed that the descending impulses were conveyed by polysynaptic pathways which had minimal functions before the hemisections.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Behavior of single motor units of human tibialis anterior muscle during voluntary shortening contraction under constant load torque.

The recruitment and discharge frequency of motor units during voluntary shortening contraction with constant load torque were studied in tibialis anterior muscle of 10 human subjects trained to dorsiflex the tibiopedal joint as linearly as possible from 30 degrees plantar flexion from the neutral position (tibiopedal joint angle, 90 degrees) by 20 degrees in 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, and 10 s. A constant load torque of 0, 5, 10, 20, and 25% of maximum voluntary torque of the muscle was applied. When speed of shortening contraction was constant there was considerable degree of constancy in the muscle length at which individual motor units were recruited. However, the recruitment order was not rigidly fixed among the units whose length range of recruitment overlapped. When the contraction was performed faster the units were recruited earlier. The discharge frequencies of the motor units changed little with a given ramp shortening of the muscle. There were also few changes in frequency among different contraction speeds. With increasing load torque to the muscle, the discharge frequency increased slightly at a rate of 1 to 2 Hz by increase of the load. The results suggest that the speed of shortening was coded by recruitment of motor units and that discharge frequency did not play any major role when a muscle was shortened under constant load torque.

Adolescent↗