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Biomedical subjects

S Martin

Publications and source records attributed to S Martin.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Natural cytotoxicity detected in swine using Aujeszky's disease virus infected targets.

Using percoll gradients and standard B and T cell depletion techniques, porcine lymphocytes were investigated for their ability to show natural killing (NK) of many targets, including Aujeszky's disease virus (AJDV) infected cells. Although it was possible to enrich for NK activity using these techniques it was not possible to define a distinct subpopulation of NK cells. It was noted that porcine NK cells consistently showed a preferential lysis of AJDV infected cells in comparison to uninfected cells. Furthermore, pretreatment of these effector cells with virus or interferon increased their lytic ability but did not alter the degree of preference on the lysis of target cells shown by untreated effectors. Although in vitro results suggested that porcine NK activity might be an efficient mechanism for controlling AJDV infections in the animal, experiments designed to monitor NK levels in vivo were unable to demonstrate this. The possible explanations for this are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The effects of reversal of jejunoileal bypass operations on hepatic triglyceride content and hepatic morphology.

Obesity is associated with significant hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and cirrhosis. These changes may be accentuated by jejunoileal bypass operations. This study is intended to determine if reconstruction of jejunoileal bypass operations alters hepatic triglyceride content and hepatic morphology. Eighty-eight +/- 27 months after jejunoileal bypass, 26 patients underwent reconstruction for a variety of complications of the operation, including five patients with cirrhosis. At the time of reconstruction, hepatic triglyceride content was 132 +/- 13 mg/100 mg protein. After reconstruction, hepatic triglyceride content increased to 205 +/- 32 mg/100 mg protein in patients whose body weight increased and decreased to 84 +/- 6 mg/100 mg protein in patients whose body weight decreased. After reconstruction, hepatic inflammation decreased in 20 patients and hepatic fibrosis decreased in 17. These changes were not related to body weight changes. In five patients with cirrhosis at the time of reconstruction, one died of liver failure and hepatic morphologic findings improved in four after reconstruction of jejunoileal bypass operations. The results of this study suggest that reconstruction of jejunoileal bypass operations with weight loss or maintenance of body weight after reconstruction is associated with decreased fat in the liver. Approximately 65% of the patients will have improvement in hepatic morphologic parameters after reconstruction. Inflammation will be more greatly benefited than will fibrosis. In some patients, hepatic histologic abnormalities are unchanged or will progress despite reconstruction of jejunoileal bypass operations.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Experimental Aujeszky's disease in pigs: excretion, survival and transmission of the virus.

Airborne Aujeszky's disease virus was recovered from looseboxes containing groups of pigs infected with virus strains from England, Northern Ireland and Denmark from days 1 to 7 after infection. Pigs sampled individually excreted most airborne virus on days 2 and 3 after infection. On a 24 hour basis the maximum amount of airborne virus excreted per pig was log10 5.3 TCID50. Subclinical infection was transmitted from a clinically affected group of pigs to a seronegative group held in separate looseboxes when air was drawn through ducting connecting one box with the other. Tissues taken from pigs killed at varying times after infection showed that the main sites of virus replication were in the head and neck region. Aujeszky's disease virus was detected for up to 40 days in a range of tissues taken from pigs at the acute stage of disease and stored at -20 degrees C.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1983

Defective neutrophil function and microbicidal mechanisms in the myelodysplastic disorders.

Neutrophil function studies have been carried out in a series of 44 patients with primary myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). In vitro tests of phagocytosis and killing of Candida guilliermondii and Staphylococcus aureus identified 13 patients with abnormal neutrophil function at presentation and a further 10 who developed abnormalities during the course of their disease. The incidence of defective function in the five disease categories in this series was: refractory cytopenia (RC) 8/17; refractory cytopenia with sideroblastic change (RC + SC) 5/8; acquired idiopathic sideroblastic anaemia (AISA) 2/4; refractory anaemia with excess blasts (RAEB) 7/11; chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) 1/4. Eleven of 23 patients with defective neutrophil function experienced severe infective complications; in only three of these patients were neutrophil counts less than 1 X 10(9)/l and susceptibility to infection was considered to reflect, at least partially, qualitative neutrophil abnormalities. There was no correlation between absolute neutrophil count and defective function. Abnormal overall neutrophil microbicidal activity was equally associated with impaired and normal phagocytosis. Some patients with intracellular killing defects had reduced myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities and one had reduced hexose monophosphate shunt (HMPS) activity. In two patients, whose neutrophils showed markedly impaired candidacidal activity, levamisole corrected function when added in vitro at 10(-7) M and also when administered in therapeutic dosage. It is suggested that deranged function, probably reflecting abnormalities in maturation of the granulocyte series, occurs across the myelodysplastic spectrum and that several microbicidal mechanisms may be defective.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of the effects of filtration leucapheresis and discontinuous flow centrifugation leucapheresis on granulocyte microbicidal function.

In an investigation of the in vitro phagocytic and microbicidal function of granulocytes collected by filtration leucapheresis (FL) from 18 donors and by discontinuous flow centrifugation leucapheresis (DFC) from six donors, comparison was made with the function of granulocytes obtained from the same donors by venepuncture and density gradient centrifugation over Ficoll-Isopaque (FI). No significant impairment of the phagocytosis or killing of Candida guilliermondii by either FL- or DFC-granulocytes was observed. Although the ability of FL-granulocytes to phagocytose and kill Staphylococcus aureus did not differ significantly from the function of control FI-granulocytes, DFC-granulocytes were significantly less active.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Serological response of pigs infected with Aujeszky's disease virus.

The temporal development of antibody in four groups of pigs infected with different Aujeszky's disease virus isolates was examined. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detected antibody by five to six days after infection and the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity assay detected antibody seven to nine days after infection. Neutralising antibody was first detected nine to 10 days after infection, whereas assays measuring complement mediated antibody lysis did not detect antibody until 10 days after infection. These results are discussed in terms of their importance to the diagnosis of and recovery from Aujeszky's disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Carcinogenicity test in long-term bioassay of Fermosin-yeast grown on petroleum hydrocarbons].

To test "fermosinR'-yeast grown on petroleum hydrocarbons for carcinogenic potency the product was fed chronically at a dietary level of 15% to male and female rats (Wistar). Animals of the control group received the Institute's stock diet, similar to the yeast diet but without "fermosinR'. Feeding of "fermosinR'-diet did not affect the incidence nor the latency period nor the type of tumors compared with the control rats. Studies in mice (XVII) included two separate experiments. In the first one the dorsal skin of the animals was painted by extracts from yeast twice weekly and treated with the co-carcinogenic agent croton oil once a week. In the second experiment the mice were painted by extracts from pork of animals feed with "fermosinR'. The results obtained in rats and in mice did not reveal any evidence for carcinogenic potency of "fermosinR'-yeast.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

Measles virus and subacute neurological disease: an unusual presentation of measles inclusion body encephalitis.

A 20-year-old girl developed a subacute neurological illness characterized by seizures and epilepsia partialis continua, which resulted in her death within 10 weeks of her first symptom. Although she had a history of unusual reactions to viral infections, there was no evidence of any underlying disorder resulting in immunosuppression. Histopathology demonstrated the presence of dense infection with measles virus. The unusual clinical features of this cases suggest that measles virus may be responsible for a wide spectrum of neurological disease ranging from measles inclusion body encephalitis on the one hand to subacute sclerosing panencephalitis on the other.

Adult↗