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Biomedical subjects

S Martin

Publications and source records attributed to S Martin.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Myocardial bridges. Incidence and relation to some certain coronary variables].

72 human hearts from necropsies of subjects with an age range from 27 to 83 years have been examined by dissection. The aim of this study was to know the percentage of myocardial bridges (intramural coronary arteries) and to compare with other studies carried on this subject, using the same or different techniques. Myocardial bridges were observed in 25% of cases. The main localization was the middle third of the anterior interventricular artery. The principal characteristics of the myocardial bridges were: The length, from 4 mm to 25 mm, and the thickness, from 0.3 mm to 1.7 mm. Chi-square test have been made in order to verify the relation between the coronary arterial preponderance and the incidence of myocardial bridges, showing the absence of statistical significance.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Functional antibody responses in pigs vaccinated with live and inactivated Aujeszky's disease virus.

Functional antibody tests, including virus neutralising activity of serum, antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement mediated lysis, were used to measure the response of pigs given either live or inactivated Aujeszky's disease virus vaccines. Pigs were then challenged with virulent Aujeszky's disease virus and antibody responses were analysed and found not to correlate with protection. Reasons for this lack of correlation are discussed and it is suggested that these results indicate that more emphasis should be placed on measuring the local immune response.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Local radiotherapy in the management of squamous carcinoma of the anus.

This paper describes the results of treating 74 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal and perianal skin using interstitial radiotherapy as primary treatment. This technique does not involve irradiation of regional lymph nodes. The local control rate for patients with tumours smaller than 5 cm and with negative inguinal nodes was significantly better than for the remaining patients (64 versus 23 per cent). Only 3 of 41 patients with tumours less than 5 cm diameter had clinically significant nodes at presentation, while in 33 patients with tumours larger than 5 cm there were 6 with involved nodes at presentation. Local treatment using interstitial radiotherapy is suggested as useful primary treatment for small, node-negative carcinomas, with surgery held in reserve for failures.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Successful renal transplantation of patients sensitized following deliberate unrelated blood transfusions.

One of the most powerful influences on cadaveric renal graft survival is the enhancing effect of blood transfusions from unrelated individuals (1, 2). However, the optimum number of transfusions required to achieve this effect remains controversial. Enhanced graft survival following only one or two transfusions has been observed (3), although graft survival has also been found to be better for multitransfused recipients (4). Extrapolating from their studies on mice, Wood et al. (5) suggested that only a very small volume of blood may induce the transfusion effect in humans. As the number of transfusions increases so does the risk of sensitizing the patient to produce lymphocytotoxic antibodies that may impair the chances of the patient receiving a crossmatch-negative kidney graft (6, 7). Thus the problem is to minimize the chance of sensitization while still maintaining the beneficial effect of blood transfusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Factors affecting maximal momentary grip strength.

Maximal voluntary grip strength has been measured in normal adults aged 18-70 years (17 f, 18 m) and compared with other indices of body muscle mass. Grip strength (dominant side) was directly proportional to creatinine excretion (r = 0.81); to forearm muscle area (r = 0.73); to upper arm muscle area (r = 0.71) and to lean body mass (r = 0.65). Grip strength relative to forearm muscle area decreased with age. The study of a subgroup of normal subjects revealed a small but significant postural and circadian effect on grip strength. The effect on maximal voluntary grip strength of sedatives in elderly subjects undergoing routine endoscopy (n = 6), and of acute infections in otherwise healthy individuals (n = 6), severe illness in patients requiring intensive care (n = 6), chronic renal failure (n = 7) and anorexia nervosa (n = 6) has been assessed. Intravenous diazepam and buscopan produced a 50 per cent reduction in grip strength which returned to normal within the next 2-3 h. Acute infections reduced grip strength by a mean of 35 per cent and severe illness in patients in intensive care by 60 per cent. In patients with chronic renal failure grip strength was 80-85 per cent of that predicted from forearm 'muscle area' (P less than 0.05). In anorectic patients the values were appropriate for their forearm muscle area. Nevertheless nutritional rehabilitation of one anorectic patient did not lead to a consistent improvement in grip strength.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Late effects of jejunoileal bypass operations on hepatic inflammation, fibrosis and lipid content.

Patients more than six years following jejunoileal bypass operations for morbid obesity underwent liver biopsy for evaluation of hepatic histology and determination of hepatic lipid content. The amount of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis present was quantitated and compared to that present in liver biopsy specimens obtained at the time of performance of the jejunoileal bypass operation. Hepatic lipid content was compared to that present in the livers of six normal-weight patients with no liver disease, and with liver specimens from twenty morbidly obese patients undergoing gastroplasty operations. Since their jejunoileal bypass operations, hepatic fibrosis has increased in 87% of the patients and hepatic inflammation in 52%. Fibrotic liver disease is currently present in 50% of the patients compared to 10% at the time of performance of the jejunoileal bypass operations. Patients with jejunoileal bypass operations were found to have nine times more hepatic triglyceride than was found in patients with normal livers, and twice as much as identified in obese patients. These results suggest that some patients with jejunoileal bypass operations have severe liver histologic disease associated with increased hepatic triglyceride content. Patients with jejunoileal bypass operations should have periodic histologic evaluation of their liver.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Influence of vaccination on Aujeszky's disease virus and disease transmission.

Parenteral vaccination of fattening pigs with either modified live or inactivated Aujeszky's disease virus did not prevent infection with field strain virus or the development of clinical disease. The duration and severity of the clinical syndrome was, however, reduced and vaccinated pigs did not suffer the severe weight loss and high mortality experienced by non-vaccinated pigs in the acute phase of disease. The range of tissues in which challenge virus replication took place was more restricted in vaccinated animals and the concentration of virus in infected tissues was reduced. Vaccination shortened the duration of field virus excretion and carriage in the tonsil. Replication of modified live vaccine virus was restricted to the site of inoculation in the neck and associated lymph nodes for two days after vaccination and it was not excreted by vaccinated pigs. Attempts to infect pigs by feeding them tissues taken from non-vaccinated or vaccinated pigs soon after challenge infection were unsuccessful.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Flow and aspiration of artificial feeds through nasogastric tubes.

The physical characteristics of 12 nasogastric tubes (Clinifeed, Portex prima, Vygon 6 and 9, Dobbhoff, Nutriflex and 6 Ryles tubes) and 13 feeds (4 Clinifeed Preparations, Nutranel, Nutrauxil, Express, Triosorbon, Fortison, Enteral 400, Elemental 028, Complan and Complan + Caloreen have been assessed under laboratory conditions. The accuracy of the stated internal diameter of the tubes tested varied from 88-119%. The rate of flow was inversely related to the length of the feeding tube and was greatly affected by diameter (an increase from 1 to 2 mm increased flow 10-fold); and was virtually unaffected by the side holes at the end of the tube. Giving sets provide only a small resistance to flow. The viscosities of liquid feeds did not correlate with their osmolarities. The values ranged from 1.9-28 centipois (cps) at 24 degrees C and universally decreased to 1.4-19 cps at 37 degrees C. All enteral feeds except Clinifeed 500, flow satisfactorily through fine bore tubes under a low head of pressure. Undiluted Clinifeed 500 (a high protein feed) requires pumping. Feeds containing casein (e.g. Complan, Nutrauxil, Fortison, Triosorbon) curdle in the presence of acid which hinders aspiration through even widebore tubes. Foods containing whey protein (Express, Enteral 400) or no protein (Elemental 028) do not coagulate with change of pH. Batch to batch variations in liquid feeds are usually small but with one preparation were sufficiently large to cause problems in delivery. The results of these studies provide further data on which to base the choice of liquid feed and giving tubes in clinical practice.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1984

Effect of starvation and elective surgery on hand dynamometry and circulating concentration of various proteins.

The effect of 4 days total starvation (water only) in five normal subjects on the circulating concentrations of various proteins was studied. Changes in plasma albumin and total protein concentrations were compared with those of six patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery with partial starvation and six patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery with adequate feeding - (0.126-0.146 MJ/kg/day and 1.2-1.4 g protein/kg/day). In a companion study hand grip strength was measured daily in ten normal subjects during starvation and in 18 patients undergoing surgery for hernia repair (n = 6), cholecystectomy (n = 6) and major abdominal surgery (n = 6). Starvation produced marked reductions (approximately 30%) in the circulating concentrations of retinol binding protein and prealbumin but did not significantly affect the plasma concentration of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) acute phase reactants (orosomucoid, haptoglobin, alpha(1) antitrypsin), albumin and total protein. On the other hand both types of elective surgery produced significant reductions in plasma albumin and total protein concentrations irrespective of feeding. Grip strength was not significantly altered by four days of starvation but surgery produced a temporary reduction in grip strength, the extent and duration of which was related to the severity of operation. This study helps to separate the effect of surgery and starvation on hand dynamometry and circulating protein concentrations and indicates their limitations as indicators of nutritional state.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1984

Biology and behaviour of the cercariae of a Sanguinicola sp. in the river Cilloruelo (Salamanca, Spain).

In the light of the hydrodynamic characteristics of the river Cilloruelo (province of Salamanca, Spain) and the results on the shedding of lophocercariae of a Sanguinicola sp. by naturally infected Ancylus fluviatilis, a discussion is made of the influence of different temperatures on shedding and survival of the cercariae. Comments are also made concerning the most likely periods and zones of the river for infection of the definitive host.

Animals↗