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Biomedical subjects

S Martin

Publications and source records attributed to S Martin.

At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Supersensitivity to L-5-hydroxytryptophan after 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine injections in desmethylimipramine- and nomifensine-pretreated rats: behavioral evidence for postsynaptic supersensitivity.

The behavioral syndrome induced by L-5-hydroxytryptophan (L-5-HTP) in rats was used to study the supersensitivity to L-5-HTP and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT) which develops after unilateral intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of 200 microgram 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT). Pretreatment of the animals with a combination of desipramine and nomifensine was found to protect dopamine neurones better than desipramine alone. Maximal behavioral supersensitivity to L-5-HTP and 5-MeODMT was found as early as 24 h after injection of the neurotoxin, even in the presence of the specific 5-HT uptake inhibitor CGP 6085 A, or the MAO-A inhibitor clorgyline. The results indicate that a quickly occurring postsynaptic event contributes to the development of behavioral supersensitivity after ICV injections of 5,7-DHT.

5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine↗
PubMed1981

Interaction of beta-adrenoceptor agonists with the serotonergic system in rat brain. A behavioral study using the L-5-HTP syndrome.

The effect of beta-adrenoceptor agonists on the behavioral effect of L-5-HTP in rats and mice was studied. All beta-agonists potentiated the behavioral syndrome elicited by L-5-HTP. However no indication for a correlation between their potencies to stimulate peripheral beta-receptors and their potencies to enchance L-5-HTP effect was found. The potentiating effect of salbutamol in rats was intensified by the MAO A inhibitor clorgyline, completely inhibited by (+/-)-propranolol and partly inhibited by WB-4101, while practolol was without effect. Lesions of 5-HT pathways by i.c.v. injections of 5,7-DHT impaired the potentiating effect of salbutamol in rats. In contrast, 6-OHDA lesions or alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine pretreatment were without effect. A central site of action of salbutamol is suggested by the fact that it intensified L-5-HTP effects also after i.c.v. administration. Therefore the results suggest that salbutamol facilitates 5-HT transmission in rat brain probably via stimulation of central beta receptors.

5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine↗
PubMed1981

Factors which affect shivering in man during cold water immersion.

Six subjects were immersed in cold water (15.15 +/- 0.42 degrees C) and were asked to perform two tasks. Shivering elicited by the cold water immersion was attenuated and/or abolished by the mental arithmetic task and in some instances by a voluntary isometric contraction of forearm muscles. Some reasons for these results are discussed. Key words: Cold water immersion, mental arithmetic forearm isometric contraction, attenuation of shivering.

Cold Temperature↗
PubMed1981

Expired air volumes of males and females during cold water immersion.

Expired air volumes were measured from a random population of adult male and female human volunteers before and during short-term immersion in either cold (13.53 +/- 0.13 degrees C) or warm (33.18 +/- 0.11 degrees C) water. A statistically significant difference was found in the pulmonary ventilation over the first 4 min of immersion between males and females when immersed in cold water. The swim suits worn could not account for the differences observed. No statistically significant difference in pulmonary ventilation was found between males and females during warm water immersion. A numerically smaller group of volunteers was preheated in a sauna before immersion in cold or warm water and this resulted in an attenuated ventilatory response. In this instance there is no statistically significant difference in ventilation between males and females. Also, in another small group of volunteers, surface and deep skin temperatures were continuously measured before and during immersion in cold water. The rates of change of deep skin temperature between males and females were found to be similar.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Patient recovery from type A botulism: morbidity assessment following a large outbreak.

A large outbreak of foodborne botulism provided an opportunity to study the recovery from type A botulism in a group of 27 patients. Patients were interviewed either nine or 13 months after the outbreak, and a written questionnaire was mailed at 24 months, to obtain information on each patient's symptom complex and on subsequent symptom resolution. Recovery from symptoms of botulism was slow. Patients reported that resolution of 50 per cent of their original symptoms occurred by an average of 5 months. Thirteen of 14 patients contacted 13 months after onset of botulism reported some persistent symptoms. This study, although limited to interview data, strengthens the concept of a prolonged recovery phase in botulism, as previously suggested in individual case reports. Physicians and other health workers caring for patients with botulism should anticipate physical and psychological problems resulting from a lengthy and difficult convalescent period.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Staging of carcinoma of the larynx: comparative accuracy of ct and laryngography.

The accuracy and clinical usefulness of both computed tomography (CT) and laryngography were evaluated in 30 patients with carcinoma of the larynx. The radiologic results were correlated with the surgical and pathologic findings. The accuracy in determining tumor compartmental localization (supraglottic, glottic, or subglottic) was as follows: CT provided the correct diagnosis in 26 cases. There were three false negative and one false positive diagnoses. Laryngography provided the correct diagnosis in 19 cases. There were six false negative and six false positive diagnoses. In virtually all cases, CT provided information equivalent to or more accurate than laryngography. CT is recommended as the radiologic procedure of choice when additional diagnostic information is required to supplement the findings of laryngoscopy in determining the feasibility of conservation surgery.

Diagnostic Errors↗
PubMed1981

Familial polymorphous cold eruption.

An erythematous, burning papular eruption, constitutional symptoms, fever, and arthropathy developed in a 65-year-old patient after cold exposure. Involvement of other family members occurred in an autosomal dominant pattern. Histopathologic examination of a biopsy specimen revealed telangiectasia and primarily neutrophilic perivascular inflammation, consistent with earlier biopsy reports of this syndrome. Although previously called "familial cold urticaria," this disease is not characterized by urticaria and may be best descriptively termed, "familial polymorphous cold eruption."

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Linked marker analysis of spontaneous HLA variants of somatic cells.

Fourteen independent, spontaneously arising HLA-A1 and -B27 variant clones were isolated from the pseudodiploid B lymphoid line T5-1 by selection using A1 and B27 alloantiserum, respectively, and complement. T5-1 is heterozygous for the tightly linked loci HLA-DR, -B, and -A and probably for -C as well. Following recloning, each of the variants was tested for the HLA specificities of T5-1. None of these spontaneous variants had a genetic lesion which extended to the nearest flanking HLA marker, less than 1 cM distant. On the other hand, a variant isolated from mutagenized cells had a lesion which extended completely through one HLA region in cis, suggesting that haploid expression in the HLA region is compatible with viability, that there are no recessive lethals in the opposite HLA region, and that spontaneously arising variants with extended lesions could have been recovered had they occurred. From these results, we conclude that extended genetic lesions of 0.8 cM or longer contribute less than 10% to the overall rate of spontaneous variation for HLA alleles, which we previously estimated at about 5 x 10(-7) per cell per generation.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1980

Actinic comedonal plaque.

Solitary plaques developed on the sun-exposed and damaged skin of five elderly, fair-skinned individuals. The lesions, erythematous to bluish confluent nodules and plaques with a cribriform appearance and comedone-like structures, presented a distinctive histologic picture of dilated, keratin-filled follicles within a matrix of amorphous, damaged collagen. We believe these cases demonstrate a distinct entity within the realm of actinic dermatoses, for which the name "actinic comedonal plaque" seems appropriate.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Reactive angioendotheliomatosis.

Angioendotheliomatosis is a rare disorder with both cutaneous and systemic clinical presentations. We agree that there is evidence in the existing medical literature for the separation of reactive and malignant (neoplastic) variants of angioendotheliomatosis. These variants share similar histologic and ultrastructural features but seem clinically distinct. The reactive variant has been associated (four of seven cases, including our patient) with existing or preexisting subacute bacterial endocarditis.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1980

A new neutrophil candida killing test: chromium-51 release from Candida guilliermondii.

Neutrophil candidacidal function was measured by a chromium-51 (51Cr) release technique, using Candida guilliermondii as the test organism. The effect of varying the neutrophil:candida ratio, the time course of 51Cr release, the effect of different serum concentrations, and the reproducibility of the technique were investigated. Results from 33 experiments, using neutrophils from 35 normal donors and six patients with known neutrophil defects, show the technique to be a reliable and reproducible assay of candida killing. The chromium release assay has the advantage of being easy to perform and not liable to subjective errors.

Candida↗