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Biomedical subjects

S Lehrl

Publications and source records attributed to S Lehrl.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Psychopathometrical results of follow-up studies of trichloroethylene-exposed persons (author's transl)].

Seven clinical healthy volunteers were exposed to trichloroethylene concentration in air with 520 mg/m3 (100 ppm) at an average 6 hours a day on 5 consecutive days. Corresponding volunteers were exposed to a placebo for the same period. --The persons were examined psychopathometrically and biochemically at the beginning and after every day of exposure. The trichloroethylene-metabolites in blood and urine were dated in order to quantify the loads. --Purpose of the psychopathometrical testing methods was the observation, whether a psychological impairment in the sense of a "psychoorganic syndrome" may occur under these exposition-conditions. --Standardized achievement-tests and self-report rating scales were used in order to demonstrate reversible physical provable psychosis that may be possible. Comparing the psychopathometrical results of the exposed and non-exposed volunteers no statistical significant difference was visible in spite of the analytically proved considerable incorporation of the solvent.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Psychopathometric methods for the testing of psychopharmaceuticals. Efficiency increase].

The rentability of tests of psychopharmacological drugs can essentially be influenced by psychopathometric procedures. Shortness and simplicity of the test decisively adds to the rentability and the validity of the examination. Procedures considering patients' demands, also demand a high amount of variation and robustness by which (1) the validity is increased and (2) the rentability is decreased. Investigations in time series make further economizing of tests possible, if - valid for reversible physically caused psychosis and cyclothymical depression - symptoms and syndromes will be changed in a rectifying manner. This is shown in a study with the antidepressant Mefexamid given to depressive patients. From these patients were taken one objective and three self-rating scales. In these cases each test on its own gave 84% of the information which it had given together with a second scale.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMed1976

[Studies on the strain on drivers during high-speed driving].

In modern industrial countries the technological progress has shifted the occupational stress to the psychomental sphere. In the course of this alteration the number of work places with driving, controlling, and monitoring increased considerably. On 10 engine-drivers during high-speed driving from 210 to 250 km/h heart rate and electrocardiogram were monitored continuously. The blood pressure was measured intermittently. The elimination rate of catecholamines in urine, and the levels of cyclic AMP and catechol-O-methyltransferase in plasma were determined in reference to the trial to quantify the psychomental strain by biochemical parameters. In consequence of the individual affective conditions of the engine-drivers it has been attempted to scale the subjective strain.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1976

[Short forms of a short psychopathological intelligence test (author's transl)].

Even short tests can still be materially shortened when they are intended to provide rough information. An example of a short intelligence test shows that considerable reductions are permissible when the procedure is intended to classify subjects into IQ groups of roughly "under 100" or "over 100". Also division into three as below average, average and above average level of intelligence is possible, and also division into four grades. If about 85% accuracy is satisfactory, a three-problem test is sufficient. For grading into three and four parts, six and nine problems, respectively may be adequate.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Comparison of evaluation scales and performance tests for measuring the severity of cyclothymic depressions].

Usually the severeness of cyclothymical depression is assessed by self-or arbiter's evaluation scales. These assessments are influenced by - mainly verbal - disturbing variables that hitherto may hardly be controlled. Measurements of performance provide less falsified results. However, they are influenced by the premorbid level of general intelligence and by the age of the patient. These disturbing variables, however, can be controlled rather well. Empirical investigations show that the assessment of the severeness of cyclothymical depression measured by performance tests of evaluation scales leads to different results. Nevertheless, both types of tests are valid for measuring depressions. Therefore, both are to be taken into account for assessment of severeness.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1976

[Cyclothymic depression and performance. Comparison of the efficiency of agitated and non-agitated cyclothymic depression patients on a brief test of severe depression].

Agitated and non-agitated cyclothym depressive patients were compared relative to their results in a short achievement test for measuring degree of depression; the agitated patients worked significantly less slowly in two of the five subtests. These differences may exist premorbidly and can be explained by a theoretical concept of arousal. We propose to control the subject's activational states which -- besides the control of age and intelligence -- might possibly precise the test results relative to the depth of depression.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Psychopathometry and homogenous syndrome dynamics.

The principle of homogeneous dynamic of syndromes means that diminishing of single psychic functions or the severeness of syndromes is correlated to the total syndrome. The validity of this principle was alleged for reversible physically founded psychoses and for cyclothymic depressions. Various empirical investigations confirm the validity of the principle of homogeneous dynamic of syndromes. These findings suggest practical benefit for the development of psychopathometric procedures: constructions of short tests. Perhaps the range of validity of the principle of homogeneous dynamic of syndromes may be extended on cyclothymic mania, too. Empirical investigations will prove this question.

Cyclothymic Disorder↗
PubMed1975

[The multiple selection vocabulary test (MSVT-B)--an accelerated intelligence test].

A new accelerated intelligence test is presented which is known as the multiple selection vocabulary test B. This is a very objective and reliable test measuring the general level of intelligence. The time of testing will be about three to five minutes in the case of persons that are free of any psychiatric disorders. Test results will be only negligibly influenced by psychic and mental disorders.

Humans↗
PubMed1975

[Concepts and advantages of short tests in psychopathology].

The term 'short test' (Kurztest) can signify a number of diverse concepts. An attempt was made to arrange these concepts systematically. This may have practical significance, as short tests in psychopathology assume growing importance and the terminology for purposes of communication will become more differentiated and precise. Short tests need not be of lower quality than normal procedures. On the contrary, particularly in the area of psychopathology, short tests can have a higher validity and reliability.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

What contribution can the Hachinski Ischemic Scale make to the differential diagnosis between multi-infarct dementia and primary degenerative dementia?

Five research studies in which clinical diagnoses using the Hachinski Ischemic Scale (HIS) underwent neuropathological verification were analysed. These studies reveal that the HIS differentiates between multi-infarct dementia (MID) and dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) with only limited accuracy. To some extent, there are considerable differences between the studies as regards the methodology and the patient population. However, there are indications that some items of the ischemic scale clearly distinguish between MID and DAT, whereas others hardly do so or some do not distinguish at all between these two conditions. If the HIS is revised according to the present findings, it can become a more valid differential diagnostic instrument. Such a diagnostic instrument which may be applied without any other technical equipment is required today, since epidemiological data and demographic prognoses show that the prevalence of dementing illnesses will markedly increase in the future.

Journal Article↗